Illegal Gambling Research Articles

Fahfi/Mochaina Illegal Gambling Activities and its Average Turnover within Limpopo Province

Fahfi/Mochaina Illegal Gambling Activities and its Average Turnover within Limpopo Province

Legal mechanisms for gambling addiction protection: analysis of an emerging regulatory model in Ukraine

The purpose of this article is to analyze the legislation of Ukraine on the protection of gambling players from the formation of gambling addiction, to identify ways and means of protection, to evaluate their effectiveness and to formulate proposals for improving (strengthening) the protection of the rights of gambling players. The research used general scientific and special scientific methods of scientific knowledge. In particular, the dialectical method of learning the phenomena of the surrounding reality, comparative-legal, systemic-structural, methods of logic (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, analogy). Many prevention measures have already been implemented in Ukraine. In addition, the player is protected by the right to receive free psychosocial assistance in the event of problems with gambling and free medical assistance in the event of a diagnosis of gambling addiction. The state also provides free socio-psychological rehabilitation of players during and after treatment for gaming addiction. The disadvantage is the bringing of the player to administrative responsibility for participating in illegal gambling and the impossibility of recognizing him as a victim in criminal proceedings to compensate for the damage caused by the crime (engagement in the gambling business).

An Investigation Model to Combat Computer Gaming Delinquency in South Africa, Server-Based Gaming, and Illegal Online Gaming

This study aims to create a comprehensive investigation model for identifying and disrupting illegal online gambling and server-based computer gambling delinquency, focusing on its rise, negative consequences, law enforcement methods, and the importance of international cooperation. Traditional investigative methods are insufficient for addressing illegal online gambling. A data-driven approach, comprehensive investigation, financial analysis, technical analysis, and international collaboration are needed for effective disruption. The study reviews literature on illegal online gambling, analyzes trends, and develops a theoretical framework for an investigation model. This model can enhance law enforcement's effectiveness in combating illegal gambling and protect individuals and communities. The study aims to inform policymakers on effective strategies to combat illegal online gambling, focusing on law enforcement agencies, researchers, and the general public, highlighting the need for international cooperation. Conclusion by implementing a comprehensive investigation model and fostering international cooperation, stakeholders can significantly reduce the prevalence of illegal online gambling and create a safer online environment for all.

Juveniles Between Crime and Justice

In this study, is discussed the relationship between young people and their possibility to commit crimes. It is also studied what are the determining factors that show that a special category of young people is more predisposed to commit crimes. It has been seen that the role of the parent is more important and that together with social policies, criminal offenses by young people can be prevented. Criminal acts must be suppressed, condemned, and punished. Nevertheless, children and adolescents who commit criminal acts must be educated and supported in a growth process that should be the objective of government policy for all young people, including young offenders. The study seeks to prove that vices such as drugs, alcohol and illegal gambling are among the main factors that lead a young person to commit a crime. The study was carried out using the quantitative and qualitative method of scientific research. Received: 25 December 2023 / Accepted: 25 February 2024 / Published: 23 April 2024

Severity of gambling behaviors: exploring associations with venues, legality, and substance use

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has been linked to an increase in gambling behaviors, potentially leading to Gambling Disorder (GD) and adverse health and social consequences. Problematic gambling has received little research attention over the years in Israeli society and the issue of gambling is not high on the list of priorities of Israeli policymakers. The present study examined gambling behavior in Israel on a continuum of severity and its association with venues where the gambling occurs, legality, attitude toward the legalization of casinos and poker, and substance use.MethodsThe study questionnaires were distributed to approximately 15,000 Jewish-Israeli adults via internet panel. From 3,088 Israeli adults who answered the questionnaire, 1,251 (40.5%) reported gambling in the last year and were included in the analyses.ResultsBased on the Problem Gambling Severity Index, 60% of participants were classified as non-problem gamblers, 25% as at low-risk for a gambling problem, 11% as at moderate risk, and 4% as having a gambling problem. Most online gambling was practiced by non-problem gamblers (40%) and most illegal gambling was by low-risk gamblers (34%). The more severe the gambling behavior was on the continuum, the more it was associated with illegal substance use and positive attitudes toward legalized casinos in Israel. Logistic regression showed the odds of developing moderate and problem gambling were 3.8 times higher for online gamblers (OR = 3.8; CI 2.6–5.4; p < 0.000) and 3.3 times higher for illegal gamblers (OR = 3.3; CI 2.2–4.9; p < 0.000).ConclusionThough more research attention should be paid to gambling behaviors, harm reduction gambling interventions should be made available to all categories on the continuum of severity of gambling behaviors. The present study provides evidence-based information to promote health policies that aim to prevent and reduce harm for Israeli gamblers.

Główne tezy najnowszego orzecznictwa Sądu Najwyższego w sprawach karnoskarbowych, dotyczącego błędu co do karalności z art.10 §4 k.k.s. na kanwie urządzania gier hazardowych

The main theses of the Polish Supreme Court's recent decisions in penal and fiscal cases concerning the error of punishability under Article 10 § 4 of the Polish Penal and Fiscal Code in the context of the organization of gambling games The article presents an overview of the recent decisions of the Polish Supreme Court on the institution of an error as to punishability under Article 10 § 4 of the Polish Penal and Fiscal Code, which originated in the context of the factual situations in the field of fiscal offenses of organizing illegal gambling under Article 107 § 1 of the Polish Penal and Fiscal Code. Based on the analyzed judgments, using the dogmatic-legal method, it is possible to reach general conclusions in the context of the criteria for recognizing an error of punishability as excusable and inexcusable. The subject of an error of punishability is the criminal legal status of the behavior that fulfills the elements of the criminal act. Mistake as to punishability means that the Polish Penal and Fiscal Code places fewer requirements on the perpetrator than in the Polish Criminal Code, since in the case of mistake as to the punishability of an act it is only a matter of not knowing that the act is punishable. The exemption of guilt in case of an error of punishability occurs only if the perpetrator's mistake is considered excusable, i.e., one that the perpetrator could not avoid, not due to their recklessness or negligence. It is necessary to accept the general conclusion from the Polish Supreme Court's decisions about stricter requirements in the context of justifying the offender's unawareness of criminality as an entrepreneur, for in the case of a business person, as a rule, a personal model with a higher standard of requirements is expected.

AI-based betting anomaly detection system to ensure fairness in sports and prevent illegal gambling

This study develops a solution to sports match-fixing using various machine-learning models to detect match-fixing anomalies, based on betting odds. We use five models to distinguish between normal and abnormal matches: logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), the k-nearest neighbor (KNN) classification, and the ensemble model—a model optimized from the previous four. The models classify normal and abnormal matches by learning their patterns using sports betting odds data. The database was developed based on the world football league match betting data of 12 betting companies, which offered a vast collection of data on players, teams, game schedules, and league rankings for football matches. We develop an abnormal match detection model based on the data analysis results of each model, using the match result dividend data. We then use data from real-time matches and apply the five models to construct a system capable of detecting match-fixing in real time. The RF, KNN, and ensemble models recorded a high accuracy, over 92%, whereas the LR and SVM models were approximately 80% accurate. In comparison, previous studies have used a single model to examine football match betting odds data, with an accuracy of 70–80%.

Bichos de coturno: a relação entre bicheiros e milicianos da Zona Oeste

Abstract This article approaches the relationships between members of the Andrade criminal networks and militias, mostly from the Jacarepaguá and Campo Grande neighborhoods. These criminal networks are known for jogo do bicho, an illegal gambling game in Brazil that operates like a lottery in which players bet on numbers that are associated with animals. The analyzed period extends from 1993 to 2008 and covers continuities and discontinuities in the relationships between Castor, his successors, Fernando and Rogério, and three military policemen who joined what I call the “first generation of militiamen”. Intersecting the theory of Criminal Networks with David Harvey’s work and the concept of Illegalism, the article attempts to present, in a synthetic fashion, the history of the territories, the markets that are registered there by the state and the illegality agents, and the intersection of personal and impersonal relations between members of criminal networks and the State.

Маркетинг как элемент реализации функции незаконного игорного предприятия по работе с клиентами

В статье рассматривается деятельность незаконных игорных заведений по работе с клиентами. Криминалистическое значение указанного предмета исследования стоит учитывать при выявлении и расследовании рассматриваемого вида преступлений. Для этого используются положения системно-деятельностного подхода и экономики. Установлено, что следует выделять с позиции фазового анализа функцию по работе с клиентами, которая будет являться универсальной применительно ко всем фазам работы незаконного игорного предприятия. Ориентация на особенности целевой аудитории – игроков определяет использование маркетингового подхода в управлении незаконным игорным предприятием, который включает в себя определенные закономерности, формирующие отдельные элементы обстановки механизма преступления по незаконным организации и проведению азартных игр и влияющие на содержание функции по работе с клиентами игорного предприятия. Воздействие на аудиторию игроков происходит с применением комплекса различных маркетинговых инструментов, удовлетворительный результат применения которого позволяет сформировать на потребительском рынке бренд игорного предприятия, оцениваемый как элемент имущественного комплекса игорного предприятия. Рассмотрен институт пособничества при реализации функции по работе с клиентами, ставящий в ходе расследования дополнительные задачи по его установлению и доказыванию. The article considers the activity of illegal gambling establishments for work with customers. The criminalistic significance of these patterns should be taken into account when identifying and investigating the type of crime in question. For this purpose, the provisions of the system-activity approach and economics are used. It has been determined that it is necessary to distinguish from the point of view of phase analysis the customer service function, which will be universal for all phases of illegal gambling enterprise. The focus on the characteristics of the target audience – players determines the use of a marketing approach in the management of an illegal gambling enterprise, which includes certain patterns that form individual elements of the crime mechanism for the illegal organization, conduct of gambling, and affect the content of the function of working with clients of a gambling enterprise. The impact on the audience of players occurs with the use of a complex of various marketing tools, the satisfactory result of which allows the formation of a brand of a gambling enterprise in the consumer market, evaluated as an element of the property complex of a gambling enterprise. The article considers the institute of complicity in the implementation of the function of working with clients, which sets additional tasks during the investigation to establish and prove it.

Reasons for the criminalization of the gambling business in Ukraine

The criminalization of the gambling business in Ukraine is a complex process that is influenced by several factors. With the development of socio-economic and politico-legal relations, their number is increasing, which makes it necessary to update the mechanisms for limiting activities related to gambling. The purpose of the study was to identify the reasons and factors that led to the need to establish a legal ban on the implementation of the gambling business in Ukraine. The work uses methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, deduction, abstraction, formal and legal. The specifics of social relations that existed in Ukraine at the time of the introduction of the ban on the gambling business were studied. The features of the social and political situation under which the criminalization of activities related to gambling was carried out were determined. The political tasks that the legislator set before himself in the process of imposing a ban on the gambling business were revealed. It was established that socio-economic and socio-psychological foundations were laid as the basis of this process. The impact of the tragedy that occurred in one of the gambling establishments in Dnipro on the views of political figures and state bodies regarding the gambling business, in general, has been revealed. The specifics of gamblers, their attitude to this type of activity and changes in moral values were studied. The influence of the gambling business on various spheres of the future development of the state, namely economic, political, and social, is considered. The results obtained in the study should be used in the process of developing new regulatory and legal acts, as well as for updating the mechanisms for combating the illegal gambling business in Ukraine

왜 불법도박에 참여하는가? - 위험감수 성향과 억제요인을 중심으로 -

왜 불법도박에 참여하는가? - 위험감수 성향과 억제요인을 중심으로 -

SOCIAL CAUSES AND PRECONDITIONS OF COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN GAMBLING

The article discusses the social causes and prerequisites for the participation of the population in gambling and other risk-based games. The measures taken to prevent illegal gambling activities and casinos (brothels) are being investigated, and appropriate conclusions are being drawn.

Gambling culture and corporate violations: Evidence from China

This study investigates whether local gambling cultures in China affect corporate violations for 31,670 firm-year observations over the period 2008–2020. The ratio of provincial lottery sales to GDP is used as a proxy for gambling culture. We find that companies headquartered in areas with a strong gambling culture have a higher likelihood of violations than those headquartered in areas with a weak gambling culture. This conclusion is robust to a series of endogeneity tests using instrumental variables and propensity score matching approaches. In addition, manager characteristics and external monitoring affect the positive relationship between gambling culture and corporate violations. Furthermore, we also identify two channels through which gambling culture affects corporate violations: accounting conservatism and geographic diversification of investments. Finally, we find that the Chinese government's efforts to crack down on illegal gambling reduce corporate violations. Overall, our findings provide empirical evidence that gambling culture facilitates corporate violations.

Research on detection techniques for pattern modifications of playing cards used in illegal gambling operations.

We investigated pattern-modified marked cards used in fraudulent gambling cases in Korea. These cards are printed with modifications to some of the repeated marks on the back, revealing the hand on the front and enabling fraudsters to deceive their victims. We proposed a method for identifying the modified part by first enhancing the card's color difference using an image processing technique and then calculating the similarity between the repeated basic patterns with a Siamese network. This method is fast and convenient, as it can determine the deformation with only 1 or 2 cards and can be implemented in mobile applications, allowing law enforcement officers to investigate quickly. The proposed method serves as a useful tool to aid document examiners in making judgments, as it does not require expensive equipment and effectively visualizes the alterations.

JURIDICAL STUDY ON CRIMINAL ACTS OF ONLINE TOGEL GAMBLING

Online gambling has gained popularity worldwide as a major entertainment industry. However, this growth has also brought about concerns regarding criminal activities such as fraud, money laundering, and illegal gambling operations. This study aims to analyze the considerations of judges in sentencing online gambling crimes and proving online togel gambling crimes. The research adopts a normative juridical approach (legal research) to examine the application of rules or norms in positive law using a statute-based approach. The analysis reveals that Article 303 and Article 303 Bis of the Criminal Code are utilized to address online gambling crimes, particularly online togel gambling. Although Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law Number 11 of 2011 regarding Electronic Information and Transactions can serve as a legal basis, it was not applied in this case. When deciding a criminal case, judges must take into account various factors, including ensuring that the actions charged meet the formulation of the offense and are in violation of the law, assessing the defendant's ability to be held accountable, and considering any justifications presented. Furthermore, the judge should also consider objective requirements, such as a complete indictment, case submission letter, and the case file. In the context of online togel gambling, evidence is evaluated using the theory of the Negative Legal System, which mandates at least two valid pieces of evidence as stipulated in Article 184 of the Criminal Procedure Code, in conjunction with the judge's own belief. Despite the availability of the Information and Electronic Transactions (ITE) Law as a legal basis, this study demonstrates the continued reliance on Article 303 of the Criminal Code for such cases, indicating that the principle of lex specialis derogat legi generali (specific laws override general laws) does not apply.

Institutional anomie theory and gambling-related crime: An empirical test in Macau

To date, scholars have rarely applied institutional anomie theory to gambling-related crime. Using time series data on the rates of illegal gambling, money laundering, organised crime, and drug-related crime, as well as various indicators of the economy and noneconomic social institutions, this study tested the applicability of institutional anomie theory to gambling-related crime. The study found that unemployment positively related to organised crime and drug-related crime. GDP per capita is positively associated with illegal gambling crime, organised crime, and drug-related crime. However, all social institutional variables failed to predict gambling-related crime. Moreover, for the interaction effects, this finding also provided limited and mixed support for the theory. The implications of these findings are discussed.

청소년의 온오프라인 도박행위 영향요인 비교 연구

Because adolescents’ gambling behavior causes various social problems over personal dimension problems, effective methods on not just themselves but home, school, and governmental levels(such as the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Gender Equality &amp; Family, Ministry of Health and Welfare, and National Police Agency) are urgently requested. Thus, this study analyzed empirically the reason for friends which is one of the quoted reasons for adolescents participating in gambling through the differential association theory suggested by Edwin H. Sutherland. In this study, to compare factors that affect adolescents' online and offline gambling, the researcher conducted an empirical analysis by using secondary data from the “2020’ adolescent gambling problem Survey” conducted by the Korea Center on Gambling Problems, and the subject of this survey was limited to middle and high school student who resides in Korea. As a result, it is suggested that differential association factors except friendship have significant effects on online and offline gambling behavior. Segregating friend’s effect on the type of adolescents’ gambling behavior, gambling with friends is suggested high level on offline gambling behavior, in contrast, on online gambling behavior, gambling with friends is suggested low level. Also, it is suggested that more introducing gambling by friends causes more addicting gambling on online and offline gambling behavior. To restrain adolescents' gambling, the gambling service provider should receive criminal punishment, and related organizations such as National Policy Agency regulate illegal gambling websites through cooperation with domestic and foreign organizations. Additionally, make adolescents control themselves for not to engage in gambling through active education and campaigns, and simultaneously systemic rehabilitation support system should be established for gambling addicted adolescents.

Communication Pattern Strategies Dependent on the Transgression of Professional Sports Teams

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to synthetically explore different communication strategy patterns that are dependent on the events and stakeholders, which include professional sports players, teams, and the associations. METHODS Using the Python program, we performed web crawling and machine learning algorithms to analyze news articles for our research analyses. In particular, 696 articles on driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol were gathered and subject to descriptive scrutiny; a total of 782 sentences were selected for the analysis. Also, among the 509 articles on illegal gambling, 484 sentences were analyzed. Moreover, 50 frequently reported words were extracted from these sentences to assess their frequencies through the word cloud method for concrete visualization. Then, the data were mapped in order to systemically understand the communication strategy patterns for each case, which were dependent on the stakeholders and timing of the event. RESULTS The empirical results revealed that in case of unethical events of driving under the influence that were reported in the news, most of the subjects chose an apology strategy immediately, but for illegal gambling reports, the parties involved rarely respond and it was difficult to find specific strategy patterns among the subjects. CONCLUSIONS The present study reveals that when professional sports teams were exposed to transgression, depending on the characteristics of the event and stakeholders, they chose different communication strategies involving fan characteristics for the event and subjects. Ultimately, they chose different strategies dependent on their fans’ involvement.

자기통제력이 불법사행행위에 미치는 영향 연구 : 합리화의 조절효과를 중심으로

이 연구는 자기통제력과 불법사행행위의 관계에서 합리화의 조절효과를 확인하기 위하여 수행되었다. Sykes와 Matza(1957)는 중화이론에서 합리화가 범죄 이전에 발생하여 범죄를 유발하는 원인이라 평가하였다. 현실의 사례에서는 범죄자가 범죄를 저지른 이후 법정 등에 서 자신의 잘못을 합리화하기에 중화이론의 주장은 현실과 간극이 있는 것으로 보인다. 이에 중화이론을 검증하기 위하여 이 연구에서는 자기통제력이 존재하는 상황에서 합리화의 영향 력을 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 이 연구는 불법사행산업 이용 및 운영 실태조사(2014) 자료를 활용하여 이론 검증을 시도하였다. 불법사행행위와 같은 이른바 피해자 없는 범죄의 경우 합리화가 쉽게 이루어질 것으로 보았다. 자기통제력과 불법사행행위의 관계에서 합리화 의 조절효과를 확인한 결과, 자기통제력이 높을수록 불법사행행위가 감소하는데, 그 영향력 을 합리화가 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 합리화로 말미암아 자기통제력의 영향력이 일시 적으로 기능하지 못하는 것이다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 이 연구는 향후 불법사행행위 이외의 피해자 없는 범죄에서도 모형을 적용할 것을 제안하였다.

청소년의 비합리적 도박신념과 도박문제의 관계

The purpose of this study is to find out whether self-control plays a mediating role in the relationship between adolescents' irrational gambling beliefs and gambling problems. Online illegal gambling is a hot topic as a recent social problem. Variant gambling is permeating deeply in online illegal sites, and this variation induces young people to bet large amounts of money without recognizing that it is gambling by using cute characters they like. Not only adults but also teenagers access illegal gambling sites, fall into gambling, are unable to concentrate on schoolwork, have difficulties with friends, and even commit secondary crimes to pay off gambling debts caused by illegal gambling. In addition, there are cases in which an extreme choice is made after spending a debt through SNS and receiving a collection. As such, the recent increase in gambling problems among adolescents has emerged as a serious social problem. Therefore, in order to find out the seriousness of the youth gambling problem, this study asked 182 general high school and specialized high school students located in ㅇㅇ city, Gangwon-do, where the researcher resides, to ask for permission from the school in advance and allocate time that did not interfere with class time. A total of 59 questions were administered on the Irrational Belief Scale (16 items), the Gambling Problem Scale (9 items), and the Self-Control Scale (34 items). Mediating effects were verified through structural model verification and bootstrap. As a result of the study, there was a significant positive correlation between adolescents' irrational gambling beliefs and gambling problems. This means that the higher the level of irrational gambling belief, the higher the level of gambling problems. In addition, the relationship between self-control and gambling problems, which were set as mediating variables, showed a significant negative correlation. These results show that the lower the self-control, the more likely you are to fall into a gambling problem. Therefore, according to the correlation results of each variable set in this study, it can be predicted that the higher the level of irrational gambling belief, the lower the level of self-control and the higher the level of gambling problems. In addition, it can be predicted that the higher the level of self-control, the lower the level of gambling problems. Self-control was found to partially mediate the relationship between irrational gambling beliefs and gambling problems. These results suggest that when counseling adolescents suffering from gambling problems, it is necessary to lower irrational gambling beliefs and increase the level of self-control. This study is meaningful in revealing the relationship between adolescents' irrational gambling beliefs, self-control, and gambling problems, and recognizing the danger of adolescent illegal gambling problems and the necessity of continuous youth gambling prevention education in schools. Finally, the limitations of this study and suggestions for follow-up studies were made to enable future studies and preemptive responses.