Drug Smuggling Research Articles

Drone Detection and Identification Using Artificial Intelligence

Autonomous drone detection systems offer a probable solution to overcoming the issue of potential drone misuse, such as drug smuggling, violating people’s privacy, etc. Detecting drones can be difficult, due to similar objects in the sky, such as airplanes and birds. The objective of the project is to evaluate state-of-the-art models and training strategies for drone detection.

Sosialisasi Penyuluhan Hukum Tentang Bahaya Narkotika Bagi Kalangan Remaja Di SMPN 2 Wanayasa Kabupaten Purwakarta

The problem of narcotics in Indonesia is still something that is urgent and complex. In the last decade this problem has become widespread. Evidenced by the significant increase in the number of narcotics abusers or addicts, as the disclosure of narcotics crime cases increases, the pattern is increasingly diverse and the syndicate network is increasingly massive. The Indonesian people, and even the world community, in general, are currently facing a very worrying situation due to the widespread illegal use of various types of narcotics. This concern is getting sharpened due to the rampant illicit trafficking of narcotics which has spread to all levels of society, including among the younger generation. This will greatly affect the life of the nation and state in the future. The behavior of some teenagers who have clearly ignored the values, norms and laws that apply in people's lives is one of the reasons for the rampant use of narcotics among the younger generation. In everyday life in the midst of society there are still many teenagers who still abuse narcotics.

Foreign Linkage of Insurgent’s Groups in the North East India: A study on National Social Council of Nagaland and United Liberation Front of Assam

This study looks at the complex networks of foreign assistance, drug and weapon smuggling, and insurgency activity in Northeast India, especially in the states of Assam and Nagaland. It draws attention to the important role that outside parties, such as intelligence services and nearby nations, play in maintaining these illicit activities. Examined are China's ties to Pakistan and its role in backing rebel organizations in the area. Illustrative instances include the division within the Naga movement, smuggling routes, and the recent arm seizures in Bangladesh. To improve security and stability in Northeast India, addressing these issues calls for regional collaboration, intelligence sharing, and initiatives to stop the trafficking in illegal weapons and drugs.

The Intelligence Function of the Bandung City National Narcotics Agency in Preventing Drug Circulation

The abuse and illicit trafficking of narcotics has been increasing in Indonesia both in quality and quantity. Not only the general public, but also many law enforcement officials have been proven to be perpetrators of narcotics crimes. Especially when TNI soldiers who maintain the integrity and sovereignty of the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia are involved in narcotics offences. The government established the National Narcotics Agency to eradicate narcotics crimes, which is authorised to investigate and prosecute narcotics crimes in Indonesia. In the procedural law, it has been stated that investigators and investigators of a narcotics crime within the TNI are ANKUM, Military Police, Oditur and auxiliary investigators. The authority of BNN in conducting investigations and investigations of narcotics offences against TNI soldiers in cases of connexity is also very limited. The investigation and investigation must be authorised by ANKUM and only for case development to obtain information and data to find other suspects who are civilians. Once the information required by BNN is deemed sufficient, BNN must still refer the case to ANKUM and the Military Police as operational investigators and core investigators in koneksitas cases for TNI soldiers.

Implementation Of Integrated Assessment In Law Enforcement Against Drug Abusers Narcotics

The Narcotics Law aims to ensure the regulation of medical and social rehabilitation efforts for drug abusers and addicts. In law enforcement, drug abusers are not necessarily rehabilitated but must first go through an integrated assessment process. The problem in this study is how the application of integrated assessment in law enforcement against drug abusers and why there are obstacles in the application of integrated assessment in law enforcement against drug abusers. This research uses normative juridical and empirical juridical approaches, namely by reading and quoting from literature books and interviews with respondents consisting of Integrated Assessment Team Members. Based on the results of the research and discussion, the application of integrated assessment is based on the provisions of the Joint Regulation of 7 (seven) State Institutions as a technical guideline for the establishment and operation of the Integrated Assessment Team consisting of a Medical Team to identify the level of addiction and a Legal Team to investigate the involvement of abusers with the narcotics trafficking network. The implementation of integrated assessments results in recommendations regarding placement plans into rehabilitation installations which also become court documents as a consideration for judges in deciding cases. The obstacles that occur are generally caused by law enforcement factors that still have different perceptions in determining the application of assessments of drug abusers and facilities and infrastructure factors in carrying out law enforcement against drug abusers.

ЦИФРОВАЯ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ НАРКОПРЕСТУПНОСТИ КАК ОБЪЕКТ КРИМИНАЛИСТИЧЕСКОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ

The article focuses on the need to develop generic (basic, enlarged, integrative) methods of investigation of drug crimes, reflecting on the one hand the transformed "pre-digital" ways of committing crimes, and on the other the specifics of the investigation. The prerequisites for this are: the changed structure of the drug market; reorientation from the smuggling of synthetic drugs to their production within the country, as well as the use of "drug constructors"; involvement in the turnover of "designer" precursors; the use of digital currency for the purpose of conspiracy of criminal acts and legalization of drug proceeds.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ КОМПЬЮТЕРНОГО ТРЕНАЖЕРА ДЛЯ ОБУЧЕНИЯ ОПЕРАТОРОВ БЕСПИЛОТНЫХ ЛЕТАТЕЛЬНЫХ АППАРАТОВ В ЦЕЛЯХ РЕШЕНИЯ ЗАДАЧ, СТОЯЩИХ ПЕРЕД ОРГАНАМИ ПРАВОПОРЯДКА

The article is devoted to the problems of training drone operators in law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation. The authors consider the issues of using multicopters (multi-rotor unmanned drones) in order to prevent and solve crimes, including those in the sphere of illegal drug trafficking.

Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Rencana Aksi P4GN (Pencegahan, Pemberantasan, Penyalahgunaan dan Peredaran Gelap Narkotika dan Prekursor Narkotika) bidang Pencegahan di Kota Bengkulu

This research aims to provide an assessment of the implementation of the Action Plan for the Prevention, Eradication, Abuse, and Illicit Trafficking of Narcotics and Narcotics Precursors (P4GN) in the prevention field conducted by the National Narcotics Agency of Bengkulu Province. This study utilizes a qualitative method employing a case study research strategy. Data is collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, while data analysis is carried out interactively using the Miles and Huberman data analysis model. The research findings indicate that there are three well-assessed prevention programs/activities and two programs/activities whose implementation needs improvement. The evaluation of the effectiveness of these programs/activities is based on the achievement of P4GN success indicators. The three programs/activities that received positive evaluations are: a) P4GN socialization, b) urine testing for non-civil servant employees and transportation service operators, and c) drug-free village program. On the other hand, the two programs/activities that require improvement are: a) urine testing for every family planning activity, and b) urine testing for core members of the anti-drug youth cadre

The application and benefits of forensic palynology in robbery events in Turkey

Forensic science is required to elucidate crime, and it has been carried out through various induction methods. Forensic palynology, a branch of forensic science, is used to find offenders by investigating the connection between the crime scene, evidence, and offender, solving events, proving the reliability of the victim's narratives, building up the profile of the offender, reducing the number of suspects, assisting security forces in conducting accurate investigations and detecting smuggling of drugs and other materials. Palynological evidence is known to be extremely resistant to extremely high temperatures (over 400°C), strong acids (such as HCl-HF), and fungal and bacterial activity. One of the most important reasons for using palynological evidence as evidence in court is its high resistance. Property crimes account for most judicial cases in Turkey. Burglary accounts for a significant portion of property crime. We aimed to solve various burglary events in Turkey using palynological evidence in this study. We used various methods to analyze palynological particles found in forensic samples sent to our laboratories between March 2016 and May 2017. The findings were distributed to law enforcement officers and legal experts working in courtrooms (lawyers/attorneys/judges).

Social drug dealing: how peer-to-peer fintech platforms have transformed illicit drug markets

Digital platforms have revolutionized the way illegal drug trafficking is taking place. Modern drug dealers use social network platforms, such as Instagram and TikTok, as direct-to-consumer marketing tools. But apart from the marketing side, drug dealers also use fintech payment apps to engage in financial transactions with their clients. In this work, we leverage a large dataset from Venmo to investigate the digital money trail of drug dealers and the social networks they create. Using text and social network analytics, we identify two types of illicit users: mixed-activity participants and heavy drug traffickers and build a random forest classifier that accurately predicts both types of illicit nodes. We then investigate the social network structure of drug dealers on Venmo and find that heavy drug traffickers share similar network characteristics with previous literature findings on drug trafficking networks. However, mixed-activity participants exhibit different patterns of network structure characteristics, including a higher clustering coefficient, suggesting that they may be accessing multiple networks and bridging those networks through their illicit activities. Our findings highlight the importance of distinguishing between these two types of illicit users and provide law enforcement agencies with valuable insights that can aid in combating illegal drug transactions in digital payment apps.

The Research on the International Police Cooperation Mechanism in Cross-border Cybercrime

With the arrogance of criminals abroad increasing, new cases including overseas fraud, drug smuggling, smuggling, and trafficking of women from various countries are emerging one after another. International police cooperation is inevitably the trend. This article mainly studies the problems in the international police cooperation mechanism, which are manifested in the inadequate establishment and coordination of police agencies. The root problem lies in the differences in legal systems, cultural concepts, and social backgrounds among countries. This paper uses the research method of case analysis to study these problems and contradictions. The main measures are to establish a new seminar mechanism, strengthen the construction of the data information sharing mechanism, and carry out regular exchanges. Therefore, countries can learn from each other, take its essence, and discard its dregs. These measures can achieve consensus on cooperation, achieve multilateral win-win, and make international police cooperation becomes more successfully.

Review of the book “Radiology in Forensic Medicine. From Identification to Postmortem Imaging” translated from English under the editorship of Professor V.A. Klevno

The book Radiology in Forensic Medicine. From Identification to Postmortem Imaging, translated from English under the editorship of Professor V.A. Klevno, is reviewed.
 The review aimed to objectively evaluate the content of the scientific and practical publication and to determine its value for science and practice.
 The book consists of 29 chapters. Each chapter includes a list of references. The history of forensic radiology is briefly described, and the advantages, and disadvantages of traditional autopsy versus postmortem imaging are reviewed. This book focuses on postmortem imaging in forensic medicine and special forensic radiology, including imaging of corpses after various types of external exposure, during sudden death, of fetuses, and newborns and of putrefied and charred corpses. Several chapters are devoted to imaging in clinical forensic medicine to assess injuries, detect drug smuggling by body packers, and diagnose some occupational diseases. The role of postmortem imaging in identifying victims of mass disasters is discussed. The authors critically evaluate the advantages and limitations of virtual autopsy.
 Given the advancements of interdisciplinary approaches in forensic medicine and the increasing role of radiologists in forensic practice, the publication of this book in Russian is more relevant than ever. It will be of interest to both forensic physicians and radiologists.

Forensic and Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Toxicological Analysis of Medical Drugs and Substances in Illegal Circulation in Ukraine

Recent years have witnessed a surge in the illegal circulation of medical drugs and substances in Ukraine, necessitating a comprehensive approach to their identification and analysis. This study delves into the forensic, pharmaceutical, chemical, and toxicological analyses of these substances, elucidating their origin, composition, and potential harm. Utilizing advanced chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, the research provides an in-depth profile of commonly abused drugs and substances, many of which are cleverly disguised under seemingly benign nomenclatures. Forensic examinations highlighted the sophistication of counterfeit techniques that mimic legitimate pharmaceutical products, posing significant health risks to unsuspecting consumers. The toxicological assessments underscored the severe health implications associated with consumption, from acute poisoning to long-term physiological complications. This paper sheds light on the intricate nexus of illegal drug trafficking in Ukraine, emphasizing the urgency for robust pharmaceutical regulation, advanced forensic capabilities, and public awareness campaigns. Through its interdisciplinary approach, this research underscores the critical need for collaborative efforts among healthcare professionals, law enforcement agencies, and policymakers to combat the escalating menace of illicit drugs and safeguard public health. Fatal cases due to poisoning by psychoactive substances of various classification and legal groups were systematized. Features of forensic and pharmaceutical, chemical and toxicological analysis were indicated. Attention was focused on the classification of means and substances according to the current legislation of Ukraine. The experience of the Department of Pharmacy of the Luhansk State Medical University in Rivne for the development of forensic and pharmaceutical, chemical and toxicological analysis in Ukraine was presented.

Analisis Yuridis Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Sidoarjo Nomor 13/Pid.Sus-Anak/2019/Pn.Sda tentang Perlindungan Anak sebagai Kurir Narkoba

Drug trafficking is increasing in Indonesia even to an alarming level, causing increasingly complex problems. Illegal drug trafficking is an activity or series of activities carried out against the law or without the rights stipulated as a criminal act. This study aims to determine whether the judge's decision Number 13/Pid.Sus-Anak/2019/PN.Sda is in accordance with the Law or not. Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection and Law no. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Justice System in terms of fulfilling children's rights in the judicial process. The research method that the author uses is a normative juridical approach using a case approach or commonly known as a case approach. The results of this study explain that the judge's consideration of the actions of child perpetrators is regulated and is subject to criminal sanctions in Article 114 paragraph (1) of the Republic of Indonesia Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics. However, there is a discrepancy with Law No. 35 of 2014 and Law no. 11 of 2012. The analysis of legal materials used is deductive reasoning analysis, namely the preparation using hypotheses or temporary answers. This study applies a pattern in the form of a general phenomenon drawn to a specific conclusion.

국제마약 수사에서 감청의 활용 필요성

In 2021, narcotics smuggled and detected in Korea amounted to approximately 1,016.1 kg, which was a 675% increase compared to the previous year, thus recording the highest level ever. As evident in the huge increase of smuggled drugs, there are many international narcotics organizations based in Korea that are active, and it is presumed that there is considerable funding and personnel used for these crimes.
 As the drug smuggling and distribution methods of international narcotics organizations are becoming more and more elaborate, it has become harder to crack down and apprehend the criminals using existing investigation techniques. Therefore, the wiretapping system of the current Protection of Communications Secrets Act can be considered as a solution. While wiretapping is actively used for criminal investigations through strict pre- and post-control abroad, wiretapping is basically nullified in Korea. Thus, massive overhauls such as modifying laws, technical support, etc. are needed, and it will also require the creation of social consensus.
 In this practical research, the wiretapping systems and utilization status of the current Protection of Communications Secrets Act will be inspected, review of practical cases confirmed to require wiretapping (investigation of international narcotics smuggling organization) and foreign wiretapping laws, while thinking about methods for supplementing and utilizing the wiretapping system of the current Protection of Communications Secrets Act.

FIGHTING CROSS-BORDER CRIME AS A CHALLENGING TASK OF POLISH BORDER GUARD

The protection of the borders of the Polish state is a complex strategy of operations and it is a system that is not limited solely to the physical protection of the territory. This strategy is multidimensional and boils down to the implementation of many activities and legal acting aimed at protecting the state against illegal movement of goods and people. Border protection tactics additionally include all preventive actions preventing the import of hazardous materials and substances. It also involves combating cross-border crime and crimes involving foreigners. After the abolition of borders within the European Union, it also ensures the protection of the intra-EU customs territory. The bodies and institutions that are specialized units are responsible for the implementation of all these tasks: the Border Guard, the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland, as well as the Customs Service and the Office for Foreigners. Each of these entities performs separate tasks as part of the protection of the state border. The entity that plays the leading role in the state border protection system is the Border Guard. In addition to protecting the state border on land and sea, this formation is responsible for border traffic control and counteracting illegal migration and cross-border crime. The purpose of this article is to analyze the phenomenon of cross-border crime and to discuss the activities undertaken by the Border Guard in order to combat illegal migration and crime. The study takes into account statistical data for the first half of 2022 confirming the effectiveness of the Border Guard. The structure and dynamics of cross-border crime proves that border crime is strongly influenced by immigration, and - in the case of Poland - it is much higher on the eastern part of the state border (external EU border). The government’s concerns about illegal migration are not unfounded, as illegal migration is closely related to the activities of organized crime groups, including smuggling of weapons, drugs, human trafficking and other types of crime that affect the state of security of the state.

A CONCEPTUAL MODEL TO ANALYZE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONS IN COMBATING ILLICIT DRUG TRAFFICKING ACROSS BORDERS

Globalization has facilitated cross-border exchanges of goods and services, but it has also led to the growth of transnational criminal networks and illicit activities such as drug trafficking. To counter international crimes, various cooperative efforts have emerged; however, these lack a universal performance measurement framework. This systematic review examines 23 relevant articles out of 57, aiming to propose a model for assessing international cooperation effectiveness in combating illicit drug trafficking. The study identifies six key areas for enhancing cooperation: Effective Strategies, Local and International Collaboration, Communication, Mutual Legal Assistance, Transnational Crime Rate, and Knowledge Sharing. The influence of globalization and global governance on tackling drug trafficking is also highlighted. The developed model serves as a practical and theoretical tool for academics and practitioners involved in evaluating and improving international cooperation.

Интеграция Республики Узбекистан в глобальную систему контроля за наркотиками

The article examines the current trends in the development of the drug situation in Central Asia in the context of integration processes taking place in Uzbekistan. The increase in drug abuse in Central Asia requires states to take joint measures to combat the spread of narcotic drugs and new psychoactive substances. At the same time, the central role in this issue is assigned to the United Nations and its specialized organizations. In this context, there is a need to expand Uzbekistan’s international anti-drug cooperation within the framework of the UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs. This Commission is the central body that develops policy in the UN drug control system. Its tasks include constantly analyzing the current drug situation in the world, developing proposals aimed at combating the drug problem, and strengthening the control system. It is expected that Uzbekistan’s participation in the Commission as a full member will provide a number of advantages in the field of drug control and combating illicit trafficking. At the same time, consistent improvement of state drug control mechanisms and the relevant regulatory framework will contribute to achieving a reduction in illicit drug trafficking and abuse. The modern legal framework regulating relations in this area is constantly being improved, taking into account the development of the drug situation, to ensure effective organization of the fight against illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, and their precursors.

The most practical diagnostic imaging for detecting body packers during the drug trafficking: Ultrasonography.

Body packing is one of the most common methods used in the transboundary trafficking of illicit drugs. These drugs are packaged in capsules and taken orally or inserted into the rectum or vagina. Its diagnosis is, therefore, difficult. Methods like x-ray, ultrasonography, and computed tomography (CT) are usually used to diagnose body packers. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic power and feasibility of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool in patients who have a suspicion of being body packers. This study is designed as a prospective and single-centered case-control study in the emergency department of a training and research hospital. Cases admitted to the emergency department with suspicion of being a body packer were included in the study. The data obtained was recorded on the study form. p < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. One hundred and one patients were included in the study; 76.2% (n = 77) were male. Packages were detected in 56.5% (n = 57) of the cases. Ultrasonography was found to be significantly useful in evaluating the presence of intra-abdominal packages. Ultrasonography had 92.4% sensitivity and 97.8% specificity in evaluating the presence of packs. CT is frequently used to diagnose patients admitted to the emergency departments with suspected body packing. In our study, ultrasonography is an advantageous imaging method, given its success rate, radiation-free nature, and low cost. We have found ultrasonography to be a successful imaging modality in examining patients suspected of being body packers for the presence of packs, and it can replace CT in clinics.

The system of factors influencing the fight of operational units against illicit drug trafficking in correctional institutions

The system of factors influencing the fight of operational units against illicit drug trafficking in correctional institutions