Iliotibial Band Syndrome Research Articles

Risk factors and impairments in iliotibial band friction syndrome among basketball players

Background: Iliotibial band friction syndrome (ITBFS) is commonly seen in sport players overloading knee joint in adolescents as knee is engaged in almost all sports activities. Basketball involves activities such as running and jumping where there are repetitive knee flexion and extension, iliotibial band repetitively shifts forward and backward which causes friction and inflammation of the iliotibial band. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study is to study risk factors and impairment in ITBFS among basketball players. Methodology: Out of 60, 12 basketball players were medically diagnosed with ITBFS within age group of 12–23 years, including both males and females who practiced at least 30 min a day without any recent surgery or fracture of lower limb. The consent form was taken, and the procedure was explained. Each player was subjected to therapist administered questionnaire with details of risk factors namely; age, gender, body mass index, hours and years of practice, training sessions followed by special test for knee related to iliotibial band syndrome. The lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) was filled to assess the level of difficulty in activities due to knee pain. Results: In this study, ITBFS in basketball players was 16.66% with LEFS score of mean 62 indicating mild to moderate disability. Conclusion: Training errors such as irregular stretching, warm up and cool down, change in intensity of training, running on concrete surface are some of the risk factors of ITBFS. Mild to moderate disability was found on LEFS due to ITBFS.

Short-Term Effects of Mobilization-with-Movement (MWM) and Auto-MWM Application in Recreational Runners with Iliotibial Band Syndrome

Background: It is well known that Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is the most frequent overuse injury in recreational runners. Given the fact that there are no clear guidelines on the optimal conservative treatment approach regarding ITBS rehabilitation, manual therapy effect by a functional joint mobilization is still unknown. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether implementation of mobilization-with-movement (MWM) and auto-mobilization had a significant short-term improvement in pain and functionality of recreational runners with ITBS.Methods: Participants: thirty ITBS patients, were randomly assigned into two groups. Design and Settings: One group pre-test /post-test with the control group. Interventions: Runners on the treatment group followed an MWM protocol of six sessions with an additive program of auto-MWM, while the control group received a SHAM form of MWM. Outcome measurements: Pain and functionality were measured at baseline and post-treatment, via Numeric Pain Rating scale and Lower Extremity Functional Scale respectively. Mixed-ANOVA test detected possible differences among treatment phases and between groups, but also interactions among factors.Result: The present findings revealed significant interactions between factors and significant main effects of each TIME and GROUP factors on pain and functionality. MWM-treatment group showed significant improvement in post-intervention NPRT and LEFS scores, compared to baseline scores (p .001). Differences between groups were significant in post-treatment scores (p<.001).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that MWM and auto-MWM are a significant treatment approach, improving pain and functionality in recreational runners suffering from ITBS.

Patellofemoral arthritis treated with resurfacing implant: Clinical outcome and complications at a minimum two-year follow-up

BackgroundThis study evaluated the clinical and radiographic outcomes of a series of patients treated with an anatomic inlay resurfacing implant, with a minimum two-year follow-up. MethodsFifteen patients underwent patellofemoral-resurfacing procedures using a HemiCAP Wave Patellofemoral Inlay Resurfacing implant from 2010 to 2013. Clinical outcomes included: Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Lysholm score, Knee Society Score (KSS), and evaluation of Kujala, and Hospital for Special Surgery Patellofemoral score (HSS-PF). The postoperative complications were analyzed. ResultsNineteen knees were evaluated; the average follow-up was 35.2months. Fourteen were women, with an average age of 54years. The pre-operative/postoperative clinical results presented a significant improvement: VAS 8/2.5, Lysholm 31.9/85.8, KSS 39.8/82.5, Kujala 32.1/79.3 and Hospital for Special Surgery Patellofemoral score (HSS-PF) 15.9/90.6. A total of 87% of patients were either satisfied or very satisfied with the overall outcome. There were no radiographic signs of loosening. Seven postoperative complications were recorded: two presented ongoing knee pain, one postoperative stiffness, one patellar bounce due to maltracking, two ilio-tibial band syndrome, and one tibial anterior tuberosity osteotomy nonunion. Two patients underwent a total knee arthroplasty conversion and were considered a failure. None of these complications were implant related. ConclusionsPatellofemoral inlay resurfacing for isolated patellofemoral arthritis was an effective and safe procedure with high levels of patient satisfaction. No mechanical implant failure was seen at a minimum two-year follow-up. This implant design appeared to be an alternative to the traditional patellofemoral prostheses. Concomitant osteochondral lesions, patellofemoral dysplasia or patellar maltracking might be poor prognostic factors for this type of implant.

Exertion and pain do not alter coordination variability in runners with iliotibial band syndrome

BackgroundIliotibial band syndrome is a common overuse running injury which results in altered mechanics. While injuries alter discrete mechanics, they may also cause a change in coordination variability, the stride-to-stride organization of runners' movement patterns. Uninjured and injured runners may experience a change in coordination variability during a run to exertion due to fatigue, pain, or a combination of these factors. The aim of the current study was to determine if runners with iliotibial band syndrome and uninjured runners display different segment coordination variability across the course of a run to exertion. Methods3D kinematics were collected as 13 uninjured runners and 12 runners with iliotibial band syndrome ran on a treadmill. A modified vector coding technique was used to calculate coordination variability during stance for segment couples of interest. Coordination variability was compared between uninjured and injured runners at the beginning and end of the run. The influence of pain on coordination variability was also examined. FindingsThere were no differences in coordination variability at the beginning or end of the run between uninjured runners and those with iliotibial band syndrome. The change in coordination variability due to the run was not different between uninjured runners, injured runners who experienced no change in pain, and injured runners who did experience a change in pain. InterpretationRunners do not constrain the patterns of segment motion they use in response to exertion nor does it appear that occurrence of pain during running results in a differential change in coordination variability.

Iliotibial Band Lengthening: An Arthroscopic Surgical Technique

Iliotibial (IT) band syndrome is a common cause of lateral knee pain in runners and cyclists. Many can be treated nonoperatively; however, some may require surgical lengthening of their IT band to achieve optimal pain relief and a return to preinjury level of activity. Several studies have been published detailing surgical lengthening procedures and satisfactory outcomes after these procedures. However, it is important to continue to improve on and optimize outcomes. We present our arthroscopic IT band–lengthening procedure.

Hip Neuromechanics In Women With And Without Previous Iliotibial Band Syndrome During A 30-minute Run

Hip Neuromechanics In Women With And Without Previous Iliotibial Band Syndrome During A 30-minute Run

The iliotibial tract: imaging, anatomy, injuries, and other pathology.

The iliotibial tract, also known as Maissiat's band or the iliotibial band, and its associated muscles function to extend, abduct, and laterally rotate the hip, as well as aid in the stabilization of the knee. A select group of associated injuries and pathologies of the iliotibial tract are seen as sequela of repetitive stress and direct trauma. This article intends to educate the radiologist, orthopedist, and other clinicians about iliotibial tract anatomy and function and the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and imaging findings of associated pathologies. Specifically, this article will review proximal iliotibial band syndrome, Morel-Lavallée lesions, external snapping hip syndrome, iliotibial band syndrome and bursitis, traumatic tears, iliotibial insertional tendinosis and peritendonitis, avulsion fractures at Gerdy's tubercle, and Segond fractures. The clinical management of these pathologies will also be discussed in brief.

MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURY RATES IN MULTIDAY MARATHON RUNNERS PERFORMING A REPEAT COURSE

BackgroundUltramarathon events are increasingly popular amongst non-elite athletes. However, there is little research investigating musculoskeletal injury rates, specifically multiday events using the same racing route.ObjectiveTo describe musculoskeletal injury rates in...

The Effects of Electroacupuncture with Direct Current on Iliotibial Band Syndrome

Abstract Background: Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is one of the most common overuse injuries among distance runners. The syndrome is triggered by excessive friction on the distal iliotibial band, as it slides against the lateral epicondyle of the femur during repetitive knee motions that results in inflammation of the band and anterolateral knee pain. Case: In this prospective observational case study, the effectiveness of electroacupuncture (EA) in a male adult with ITBS was documented with magnetic resonance images. The patient was treated, using an acupuncture needle inserted into the distal iliotibial band with a direct current of 12 V and 200 μ-amperes applied for 30 seconds; the treatment was repeated weekly six times. Results: After the 6-week treatment, a comparison between pre- and post-treatment images revealed that the thickening of the iliotibial band and the lateral patellar shift were reduced; those biomechanical changes likely contributed to a decrease on the numeric pain rating scale re...

Iliotibial band syndrome following hip arthroscopy: An unreported complication.

Background:Hip arthroscopy is considered a safe procedure, considering the relatively low rate of complications. Despite several complications have been described following this surgical procedure, the present event has not yet been described. The purpose of the present study is to report an unpublished complication following hip arthroscopy, after reviewing 162 hip arthroscopies and finding iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) in the knee during followup.Materials and Methods:A retrospective review of 162 hip arthroscopies performed between September 2007 and June 2011 was carried out, evaluating patients who presented ITBS during followup. Indication for hip arthroscopy was failure of conservative treatment in patients with symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement.Results:During a minimum followup of 2 years, nine patients (5.5%) developed ITBS. All patients were diagnosed with ITBS within the first 45 postoperative days. Conservative treatment was successful in 6 patients while 3 had to undergo surgery. The increased internal rotation, synovitis and increased adduction of the hip can be attributed as predisposing factors to the development of ITBS.Conclusions:This is a newly described observation within followup of hip arthroscopy. These findings may help orthopedic surgeons when planning rehabilitation after hip arthroscopy, including stretching exercises to prevent this syndrome.

The effects of fatigue on lower extremity kinematics, kinetics and joint coupling in symptomatic female runners with iliotibial band syndrome

BackgroundAltered hip and knee kinematics and joint coupling have been documented in runners with iliotibial band syndrome. Symptoms often present themselves after several minutes of running, yet the effect of fatigue warrants further exploration. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a run to fatigue in runners with iliotibial band syndrome, as compared to healthy controls. MethodsTwenty uninjured and 12 female runners with iliotibial band syndrome performed a treadmill run to fatigue. Prior-to and following a run to fatigue, overground running data were collected. Variables of interest included stance phase: peak hip adduction and internal rotation, peak hip abductor and external rotator joint moments and frontal-sagittal plane hip and knee joint coupling. FindingsFatigue resulted in decreased peak hip adduction angles in injured runners. Fatigue did not affect injured runners differently than controls with respect to the remaining variables. Coupling differences did not exist between healthy and injured runners with respect to the loading or propulsive phases of stance. InterpretationWhile clinicians often strengthen hip abductor muscles and provide gait re-training to decrease stance phase hip adduction, our results suggest that, when exerted, female runners with iliotibial band syndrome independently modify their running gait to decrease hip adduction, potentially as a result of pain. Fatigue did not have an effect on the remaining study variables. It is possible that reducing the length of the iliotibial band through minimizing hip adduction reduces pain, but the other variables examined are not sensitive to this phenomenon.

The Association of Ankle Dorsiflexion Range of Motion With Hip and Knee Kinematics During the Lateral Step-down Test.

Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Background Altered hip and knee kinematics have been associated with several knee disorders, including anterior cruciate ligament tear, patellofemoral pain, and iliotibial band syndrome. Limited ankle dorsiflexion (DF) range of motion (ROM), which has been linked with some of these disorders, has also been associated with altered knee kinematics. Objective To explore the association of ankle DF ROM with hip and knee kinematics during a step-down task. Methods Thirty healthy participants underwent a 3-D analysis of hip and knee kinematics during a lateral step-down test, followed by measurement of ankle DF ROM in weight bearing (WB) and non-weight bearing (NWB). Participants were dichotomized using the median values into low- and high-DF subgroups within both WB and NWB. Hip and knee kinematics were compared between the low- and high-DF subgroups. Results Participants in the low-DF subgroups exhibited greater peak hip adduction (WB, P = .02; NWB, P<.01) and greater peak knee external rotation (WB, P = .02; NWB, P<.01) compared with participants in the high-DF subgroups. In addition, participants in the low-DF WB subgroup exhibited decreased peak knee flexion compared with participants in the high-DF WB subgroup (P<.01). Conclusion Individuals with lower ankle DF ROM exhibited hip and knee kinematics previously associated with several knee disorders, suggesting that this impairment may be involved in the pathogenesis of the same disorders. Assessment of ankle DF ROM may be useful as part of a preparticipation screening. Furthermore, deficits in ankle DF ROM may need to be addressed in individuals with altered movement patterns. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(11):-1. Epub 29 Sep 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6621.

Hip abductor strength and lower extremity running related injury in distance runners: A systematic review.

Determine the association between hip abduction strength and lower extremity running related injury in distance runners. Systematic review. Prospective longitudinal and cross sectional studies that quantified hip abduction strength and provided diagnosis of running related injury in distance runners were included and assessed for quality. Effect size was calculated for between group differences in hip abduction strength. Of the 1841 articles returned in the initial search, 11 studies matched all inclusion criteria. Studies were grouped according to injury: iliotibial band syndrome, patellofemoral pain syndrome, medial tibial stress syndrome, tibial stress fracture, and Achilles tendinopathy, and examined for strength differences between injured and non-injured groups. Meaningful differences were found in the studies examining iliotibial band syndrome. Three of five iliotibial band syndrome articles found weakness in runners with iliotibial band syndrome; two were of strong methodological rigor and both of those found a relationship between weakness and injury. Other results did not form associative or predictive relationships between weakness and injury in distance runners. Hip abduction weakness evaluated by hand held dynamometer may be associated with iliotibial band syndrome in distance runners as suggested by several cross sectional studies but is unclear as a significant factor for the development of patellofemoral pain syndrome, medial tibial stress syndrome, tibial stress fracture or Achilles tendinopathy according to the current literature. Future studies are needed with consistent methodology and inclusion of all distance running populations to determine the significance of hip abduction strength in relationship to lower extremity injury.

Efficiency of a Rehabilitative program Using Isokinetic System and Specific Exercises to Rehabilitate Injured Athletes with Iliotibial Band Syndrome

The current research aims to design and validate a strength program using isokinetic device system and specific therapeutic exercises for ‎rehabilitation of soccer players with iliotibial band syndrome and to identify the effectiveness of the recommended rehabilitation program. The researcher used the experimental approach (one-group design) with pre- and ‎post-measurements‎. The research sample consisted of 4 soccer players who have been registered with the Egyptian Football Federation (premier league) with iliotibial band syndrome ‎volunteered in this study, Their ages ranged from 18 to 27 years ‎. The researcher used Isokinetic device system (SP3-I37). The following parameters were measured for both the healthy and injured limbs: the Peak Torque at flexion and extension at the 90/180 ° angle, range of motion (ROM) of the knee joint, the balance, the circumference of the thigh muscles and the degree of pain

연조직 가동술(IASTM)이 장거리 달리기 선수들의 장경인대 증후군에 미치는 영향

연조직 가동술(IASTM)이 장거리 달리기 선수들의 장경인대 증후군에 미치는 영향

The Relationship Between Hip Kinematics and Iliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS) in Long Distance Runners: A Critically Appraised Topic

Clinical Question:Is there evidence to suggest that runners with a history of ITBS demonstrate altered lower extremity kinematics compared with runners without a history of ITBS?Clinical Bottom Line:There is moderate evidence suggesting that hip kinematics differ between runners with a history of ITBS compared with healthy runners. Results are contradictory related to the plane of movement and direction of the kinematic change. In addition, assessing hip kinematics following an exhaustive run may be beneficial to detect change.

Douleurs latérales mécaniques du genou

Lateral knee pain is a common presenting complaint with many possible causes. History and physical examination can decrease imaging indication and narrow the possible causes explained by an articular (lateral knee osteoarthritis, patellofemoral syndrome, proximal tibiofibular joint, lateral meniscus tear, discoid lateral meniscus), a musculotendinous (iliotibial band syndrome, biceps femoris, popliteus syndrome) or an osseous origin (osteonecrosis, complex regional pain syndrome, stress fracture…). Referred pain resulting from hip joint pathology, L4 or L5 radiculopathy also may cause lateral knee pain.

Successful Treatment Of The Underlying Cause Of ITB Syndrome

HISTORY: Patient is a 28 yr. old female who developed pain at her L lateral knee at the end of a marathon. Pain persisted after the marathon and gradually extended to the hip and lateral thigh. She was treated with Active Release Therapy and foam rolling, as well as yoga to address her core strength. She returned to running with low-grade pain, which increased with more than 3-4 miles of running or an increase in her speed. Patient reported a VAS of 1/10 pain in the L hip and leg today, but symptoms will increase to a 7/10. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: Pain noted along the L iliac crest, gluteals, along the iliotibial band (ITB) down to Gerty’s tubercle. Weakness of her L hip extensors, abductors and external rotators was also noted. The patient presented with a (+) Ober’s test, L>R. During running, she presented with a contralateral hip drop L>R during mid stance. Patient also exhibited increased femoral adduction L>R. At the foot, she presented with pes planus, decreased ankle dorsiflexion and lack of intrinsic and extrinsic foot strength. This was associated with prolonged midfoot pronation. Patient landed with increased impacts L>R. Impacts were reduced by half when running with a forefoot strike pattern. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: Sciatica from lumbar spine, LCL strain FINAL/WORKING DIAGNOSIS: ITB syndrome, associated with abnormal foot and hip mechanics. Hip adduction is associated with increased ITB strain, as well as ITB syndrome. Increased foot pronation leads to increased knee internal rotation, which is also associated with ITB syndrome. Increased impact loading has been related to the development of injuries in runners. TREATMENT: Goal: Reduce the mechanics associated with ITBS 1. Progressive intrinsic and extrinsic foot strengthening and hip strengthening exercises to provide capacity for improving foot and hip mechanics. 2. Soft tissue mobilization of tight ITB, increase ROM of ankle dorsiflexors to reduce compensatory pronation 3. Gait training to decrease contra-lateral hip drop, femoral adduction and foot pronation 4. Transition to a forefoot running pattern, in minimal footwear, to reduce impact loading as well as facilitate foot strengthening. OUTCOME: Hip adduction and foot pronation was reduced and patient was able to run for 3 miles pain-free at discharge.

Effects of Sports Specialization on the Rates of Iliotibial Band Syndrome in Pediatric Athletes

Effects of Sports Specialization on the Rates of Iliotibial Band Syndrome in Pediatric Athletes

Effects of Sports Specialization on the Rates of Iliotibial Band Syndrome in Pediatric Athletes

Effects of Sports Specialization on the Rates of Iliotibial Band Syndrome in Pediatric Athletes