Iliac Bone Graft Research Articles

Cost-utility Analysis of Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion for Cervical Spondylosis Patients Comparing Polyetheretherketone Versus Tricortical Iliac Crest Bone Graft.

Prospective cohort study. To perform a cost-utility analysis and to investigate the clinical outcomes and patient's quality of life after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) to treat cervical spondylosis compared between fusion with polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and fusion with tricortical iliac bone graft (IBG) in Thailand. ACDF is one of the standard treatments for cervical spondylosis. The fusion material options include PEEK and tricortical IBG. No previous studies have compared the cost-utility between these 2 fusion material options. Patients with cervical spondylosis who were scheduled for ACDF at Siriraj Hospital (Bangkok, Thailand) during 2019-2020 were prospectively enrolled. Patients were allocated to the PEEK or IBG fusion material group according to the patient's choice of fusion material. EuroQol-5 dimensions 5 levels and relevant costs were collected during the operative and postoperative periods. A cost-utility analysis was performed using a societal perspective. All costs were converted to 2020 United States dollars (USD), and a 3% discount rate was used. The outcome was expressed as the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Thirty-six patients (18 ACDF-PEEK and 18 ACDF-IBG) were enrolled. Except for Nurick grading, there was no significant difference in patient baseline characteristics between groups. The average utility at 1 year after ACDF-PEEK and ACDF-IBG were 0.939 ± 0.061 and 0.798 ± 0.081, respectively ( P < 0.001). The total lifetime cost of ACDF-PEEK and ACDF-IBG was 83,572 USD and 73,329 USD, respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of ACDF-PEEK when compared with that of ACDF-IBG showed a gain of 4468.52 USD/quality-adjusted life-years, which is considered cost-effective at the Thailand willingness-to-pay threshold of 5115 USD/quality-adjusted life-year gained. ACDF-PEEK was found to be more cost-effective than ACDF-IBG for treating cervical spondylosis in Thailand. Level II.

Management of blowout fracture with iliac bone graft

Introduction: Blowout fracture is a traumatic deformity of the orbital wall and the repair is indicated when enophthalmos is troublesome to the patient, or when diplopia interferes patient’s activities. Iliac bone has been reported in the immediate and secondary repair of orbital wall deformities following blowout fracture. This case is to report blowout fracture management using iliac bone graft. Case Illustration: A 35 years old man complains pain on his left eye when moving his eye and diplopia in upgazed since 4 months after fell down from stairs. Eye position is orthophoria, visual acuity 6/6 on both eye, anterior and posterior segments are normal, restricted movement to superior on left eye, Hertel exophthalmometry examination on right eye 15 mm and left eye 10 mm (base 90). On CT-scan examination, it was found that an orbital floor fracture was characterized by herniation of the orbital tissue. The patient was diagnosed with left eye enophthalmos, suspect inferior rectus muscle and adnexal entrapment and neglected blow out fracture. LE Repair Orbital Floor Fracture, Release Muscle Rectus Inferior, Exploration (join op with Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department) is done to this patient. Conclusion: Iliac bone graft can be used as an alternative in orbital floor reconstruction, since it easy to harvest, low risk to rejected or extruded and can be used in large defect. Optimal outcome of blowout fracture repair can be achieved if the surgical management is done before two weeks after the incidence.

Introduction of temporomandibular joint and skull base combined reconstruction by autogenous bone graft.

This study introduces the application of autogenous bone graft for the reconstruction of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and skull base combined defects. Patients treated with autogenous bone grafts for reconstruction of the TMJ and skull base were reviewed. All patients underwent virtual surgical design to confirm the osteotomies of the combined lesion and the selections of autogenous bone graft, fabrication of surgical templates to transfer the plan to actual operation, and reconstruction of autogenous bone graft for the TMJ and/or skull base. Surgical outcomes were assessed by clinical examinations and radiological data. Twenty-two patients were involved in this study. Ten patients underwent reconstruction of the skull base by a free iliac or temporal bone graft and preservation of the TMJ. Twelve patients underwent skull base reconstruction by the same methods and total reconstruction of the TMJ by half sternoclavicular joint flap or costochondral bone graft. No severe complications occurred after surgery. The occlusion relationship was stable and similar to that of the preoperative state. The pain and maximal interincisal opening were significantly improved by the 101.2-month follow-up. Autogenous bone graft is a good alternative for repairing the TMJ and the skull base structure and function. The study introduced the application of autogenous bone graft for the reconstruction of temporomandibular joint and skull base combined defect, which is a good way to repair the defect and restore the function.

Effectiveness of arthroscopic autologous iliac bone grafting with double-row elastic fixation for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation with massive glenoid bone defect

To investigate the effectiveness of arthroscopic autologous iliac bone grafting with double-row elastic fixation in treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation combined with massive glenoid bone defects. Between January 2018 and December 2021, 16 male patients with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation combined with massive glenoid bone defects were treated with arthroscopic autogenous iliac bone grafting and double-row elastic fixation. The patients were 14-29 years old at the time of the first dislocation, with an average age of 18.4 years. The causes of the first dislocation included falling injury in 5 cases and sports injury in 11 cases. The shoulders dislocated 4-15 times, with an average of 8.3 times. The patients were 17-37 years old at the time of admission, with an average age of 25.1 years. There were 5 left shoulders and 11 right shoulders. The preoperative instability severity index (ISIS) score of the shoulder joint was 5.8±2.1, and the Beighton score was 4.3±2.6. The University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) score, Constant score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and Rowe score were used to evaluate shoulder function, and the degree of the glenoid bone defect repair was observed based on CT after operation. All incisions healed by first intention, and no complication such as incision infection or neurovascular injury occurred. The patients were followed up 12 months. At 12 months after operation, UCLA score, Constant score, ASES score, and Rowe score all significantly improved when compared with the scores before operation ( P<0.05). CT imaging showed the degree of glenoid bone defect was significantly smaller at immediate, 6 and 12 months after operation when compared with that before operation ( P<0.05), and the bone blocks healed with the scapula, and bone fusion had occurred at 12 months. Arthroscopic autologous iliac bone grafting with double-row elastic fixation is a safe treatment for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation combined with massive glenoid bone defects, with good short-term effectiveness.

Plate fixation using parallelogram prism iliac bone grafts for clavicle oblique nonunion with shortening deformity: a case report

BackgroundPlate fixation using a tricortical iliac bone graft can provide a high ratio of bone union and restore clavicle length in cases of atrophic nonunion. However, the surgical treatment of clavicle oblique nonunions with marked shortening deformity remains challenging and unresolved. Here, we describe a case of clavicle oblique nonunion with shortening that was treated using plate fixation with parallelogram prism iliac bone grafts.Case presentationA 46-year-old man presented to our hospital with severe medial scapular pain. He had been diagnosed with a right clavicle mid-shaft fracture in a motorcycle accident 9 months earlier. He underwent conservative treatment, but radiographs and computed tomography showed clavicle oblique nonunion with marked shortening. Physical examination revealed no pain at the nonunion site; however, tenderness was noted on the medial side of the right scapula and protrusion of the inferior scapular angle was prominent. His symptoms interfered with daily life and required surgery. After release of the nonunion, we harvested the parallelogram prism bone grafts from the iliac crest. We inserted these bone grafts into the fracture ends and fixed them with lag screws, after which we performed plate fixation. Immediately after surgery, right medial scapular pain and scapula winging subsided. Bone union was achieved, and the length of the clavicle was restored at 9 months postoperatively.ConclusionsThis case report provides new information on the surgical treatment of clavicle oblique nonunion with shortening deformity. The presence of medial scapular pain and winging scapula can be clinically problematic in cases of clavicle nonunion with marked shortening. Our case revealed that reliable bone union and clavicle length recovery can be achieved with plate fixation and iliac bone grafts.

Rehabilitation of Surgically Reconstructed Partially Edentulous Mandible with Iliac Crest Graft After Ameloblastoma Resection with an Implant-Supported “Toronto Prosthesis”

Ameloblastomas are locally invasive and benign odontogenic tumors with a high long-term recurrence rate. These lesions can cause serious anomalies in the facial area and alveolar bones, leading deformity and deterioration of functions. Wide local excision and reconstruction are required for the surgical treatment of these tumors. Aggressive resection effectively eliminates tumors; however, this approach may cause various problems that need reconstruction to restore the oral functions. In the present case report, the rehabilitation of surgically reconstructed partially edentulous mandible with iliac crest graft after ameloblastoma resection with an implant-supported “Toronto Prosthesis” is presented. In the surgical procedure, mandible was partially resected and simultaneous iliac bone graft was applied. Then, four dental implants were inserted into the reconstructed bone and implant-supported Toronto prosthesis was fabricated. The patient was satisfied with the final result of the treatment and recurrence was not observed during the 2-year clinical follow-up.

Ruptured mycotic aneurysm of intercostal arteries associated with vertebral osteomyelitis: a case report

BackgroundHere, we report a rare case of massive hemothorax caused by rupture of an intercostal artery pseudoaneurysm associated with pyogenic spondylodiscitis, which was successfully treated with endovascular intervention.Case presentationA 49-year-old man with schizophrenia, idiopathic esophageal rupture, postoperative mediastinal abscess, and pyothorax, diagnosed with pyogenic spondylodiscitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography (CT) showed extensive vertebral body destruction. The patient underwent a two-stage operation: anterior vertebral debridement and fixation with iliac bone graft and 10 days after first surgery, posterior fixation with instrumentation. Seven days after second surgery, the patient’s right chest pain increased, his blood pressure dropped, and he had shock. Chest X-ray showed massive hemothorax in the right lung. Chest CT and subsequent intercostal arteriography showed a pseudoaneurysm in the right T8 intercostal artery and active contrast extravasation from it. This seemed ruptured mycotic aneurysms involving intercostal vessels. These vessels were successfully embolized using micro-coils. Then, the patient completed the prescribed antimicrobial therapy in the hospital without any complications.ConclusionsIntercostal artery aneurysms are rare vascular abnormalities. They have the risk of rupture and may sometimes cause hemothorax and can be potentially life-threatening. Ruptured intercostal artery pseudoaneurysms are a good indication of endovascular intervention, and prompt embolization saved the life of the patient in this case report. This case report highlights the possibility of a ruptured intercostal mycotic aneurysm in patients with pyogenic spondylodiscitis and reminds physicians to be alert of this rare but potentially fatal complication.

Accessory iliolumbar artery- A case report

The variant anatomy of pelvic vasculature is reported in fewer studies, especially the internal iliac artery branching pattern. Branches of the internal iliac artery are more critical when considering procedures such as iliac bone grafting, surgical approach to fix pelvic fractures or iatrogenic vascular haemorrhages in the pelvis. The present case shows the variation in the right ileal system, i.e. the accessory Iliolumbar artery (ILA), in addition to the principal ILA on the right side, which supplies the iliac and lumbar region.

Clinical Results of Decortication with Bone Grafting Method versus Extracorporeal Shock Wave Treatment in Long-Bone Pseudoarthrosis.

BACKGROUND Despite advanced treatment methods, the treatment of pseudoarthrosis still poses a significant challenge for orthopedists. In this study, we aimed to assess the clinical results of decortication and bone grafting and extracorporeal shock wave treatment (ESWT) in long-bone pseudoarthrosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Between 2007 and 2015, 68 fractures of 66 patients treated for long-bone pseudoarthrosis were evaluated retrospectively. ESWT was used in 36 extremities and decortication and iliac bone grafting was used in 32. The treatment results of these patients were evaluated and compared with rates in the literature. RESULTS The mean patient age was 43.9 years (range, 21-69). The mean interval between the occurrence of the fracture and treatment with bone grafting or ESWT was 8.6 months and the mean interval between the procedure and achievement of union was 6.9 months. The patients were followed up for a mean period of 25.2 months. After the mean follow-up period, bone union had occurred in all 32 patients (100%) in the decortication and bone grafting group and in 28 (78%) of the 36 patients in the ESWT group (P=0.023). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that extracorporeal shock wave treatment should be considered the first option in treatment of pseudoarthrosis as it is a non-invasive method and also provides good rates of union. In patients that do not heal with ESWT, decortication and bone grafting remains the criterion standard therapy.

Closure of Alveolar Cleft by Iliac Bone Grafting: a Case Report

Introduction: Orofacial clefts are the most common craniofacial birth defects, affecting a significant number of individuals worldwide. The alveolar cleft is a developmental defect that affects the alveolar process of the maxilla and is often associated with cleft lip and palate. Methods: In this case report, we present the case of a 20-year-old female patient with alveolar cleft who underwent secondary alveolar cleft reconstruction using autologous iliac bone grafting. The aim of the procedure was to restore the function and form of the maxillary arch, facilitate ridge augmentation for further prosthetic rehabilitation, repair the nasal floor, and facilitate orthodontic treatment. Results: The procedure was successful in achieving the desired outcomes, and the patient's occlusal relationship was improved. Additionally, the alar base symmetry was enhanced, and speech was improved. Conclusion: Alveolar cleft reconstruction using autologous iliac bone grafting is a successful approach to treating alveolar clefts. The procedure can restore the form and function of the maxillary arch and facilitate further prosthetic rehabilitation and orthodontic treatment. The effectiveness of the procedure should be monitored closely to ensure optimal outcomes. Update Dent. Coll. j: 2023; 13(1): 35-39

Is Scaffolding Iliac Bone Graft Within Titanium Mesh Successful in Reconstructing Unilateral Large Sized Mandibular Contour Defects

The reconstruction of unilateral large-sized mandibular contour defects with no loss of continuity and good occlusion has been a challenge. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of using patient-specific titanium mesh scaffolding avascular pure iliac bone graft in reconstructing these defects.

Hinged Roof Reconstruction of Anterior Iliac Crest after Harvesting Bicortical Strut Graft for Anterior Cervical Fusion.

The strut iliac bone graft has been widely used to achieve fusion in various anterior cervical spinal surgeries but some complications often remain, such as pain and gross deformity. Considering these, we designed a new technique to restore the iliac ridge, using the outmost part of the iliac crest. We aim to assess the efficacy of our new restoration technique of the iliac ridge after harvesting strut bone graft for anterior cervical fusion. The clinical and radiological outcomes of our hinged roof method were evaluated. A retrospective review was conducted of 29 patients who underwent hinged roof reconstruction of the iliac ridge after harvesting a bicortical strut bone graft for anterior cervical fusion using a cervical plate system. The clinical outcome for pain and gross appearance and radiological results were evaluated. Three months after the surgery, pain at the donor site became minimal or absent in all cases. At 1 year follow-up, no patient had reported pain and palpable discomfort, such as step-off on the donor site. Final X-ray and follow-up computed tomography revealed a bony union of the reconstructed iliac ridge to both margins. By showing good clinical and radiological outcomes, the authors' hinged roof reconstruction of the iliac crest after harvesting strut bone graft seemed to be a simple and effective technique that can reduce complications, such as pain and deformity on the donor iliac crest.

Comparison of structural occipital and iliac bone grafts for instrumented atlantoaxial fusions in pediatric patients: Radiologic research and clinical outcomes.

Structural autografts harvested from the iliac bone have been used in atlantoaxial fusion; they have been the gold standard for years. However, emerging occipital bone grafts have the advantage of avoiding donor-site morbidity and complications. Thus, we compared the clinical outcomes of structural autografts from the occipital bone or iliac crest and discussed the clinical significance of occipital bone grafts in pediatric patients. Pediatric patients who underwent posterior fusion using occipital bone grafts (OBG) or iliac bone grafts (IBG) between 2017 and 2021 were included in this study. Data on clinical outcomes, including operation time, estimated blood loss, length of hospitalization, complications, fusion rate, and fusion time, were collected and analyzed. Additionally, 300 pediatric patients who underwent cranial computed tomography scans were included in the bone thickness evaluation procedure. The central and edge thicknesses of the harvested areas were recorded and analyzed. Thirty-nine patients were included in this study. There were no significant differences in patient characteristics between the OBG and IBG groups. Patients in both groups achieved a 100% fusion rate; however, the fusion time in the OBG group was significantly longer than that in the IBG group. Estimated blood loss, operation time, and length of hospitalization were significantly lower in the OBG group than those in the IBG group. The surgery-related complication rate was lower, but not significantly, in the OBG group than that in the IBG group. For occipital bone thickness evaluation, a significant difference in the central part of the harvesting area was found between the young and old groups, with no significant sex differences. The use of OBG for atlantoaxial fusion is acceptable for pediatric patients with atlantoaxial dislocation, avoiding donor-site morbidity and complications.

Comparison of Stress Distribution Among Standard Dental Implants Placed in Grafted Bone, Zygomatic Implants, and Subperiosteal Implants in the Atrophic Edentulous Maxilla: 3D Finite Element Analysis.

Purpose: To compare the biomechanical behaviors of different surgical options that are preferred for implant-supported fixed prosthetic rehabilitation of the atrophic edentulous maxilla. Materials and Methods: A 3D finite element analysis (FEA) model was generated from the computed tomography data of a patient with an atrophic edentulous maxilla. Four scenarios were created in the atrophic maxilla. In model 1, the maxilla was reconstructed with an onlay bone graft harvested from the anterior iliac crest, and sinus augmentation procedures were performed. Standard dental implants were placed in the lateral incisor, first premolar, and first molar regions on each side. In model 2, the anterior part of the atrophic maxilla was reconstructed with an onlay bone graft harvested from the mandibular ramus, and zygomatic implants were placed in the posterior part of the maxilla. In models 3 and 4, two-piece subperiosteal implants made of titanium and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) materials, respectively, were placed in the atrophic maxilla. All implants were loaded with 150-N and 50-N forces in vertical and lateral directions, respectively. Stress accumulation on bones, implants, abutments, and prosthetic frameworks was investigated. Results: The tensile stress in both cortical and trabecular bone was highest in the iliac bone grafting group under vertical loading. The compressive stress in both cortical and trabecular bone was the highest in the PEEK subperiosteal implant model, and the compressive stress value on the trabecular bone exceeded the strength of the trabecular bone. The highest von Mises stress in the implants was obtained in the iliac bone grafting group under vertical loading. The highest stress value in the abutments was detected for the titanium subperiosteal implant. The highest von Mises stress in the prosthetic framework was detected in the titanium subperiosteal implant group, under both vertical and lateral loading. Conclusion: Based on the stress accumulation results of the four different scenarios, it can be seen that there is no ideal treatment modality for the fixed implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation of the atrophic edentulous maxilla. Various intraoperative and prosthetic modifications are suggested to decrease the risk of biomechanical complications during long-term follow-up.

Evaluation of treatment of nonunited middle third scaphoid fractures using threaded Kirschner wires fixation with iliac bone grafting

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the results of iliac bone grafting with threaded Kirschner wires (K-wires) fixation in treating of nonunited middle third scaphoid fractures. Background Scaphoid nonunion is a common complication after scaphoid fractures as it is an intra-articular fracture with high fracture mobility and instability. In addition, the scaphoid is devoid of periosteum along with impaired vascularity. Scaphoid nonunion results in carpal collapse with secondary osteoarthritis. To avoid that, the aim of treatment should be to enhance the biology of fracture through bone grafting and provide adequate stability of the fracture in an anatomic alignment. Patients and methods This study is a prospective case series of 30 patients with nonunited middle third scaphoid fractures admitted to an academically supervised trauma center from June 2018 to June 2020. They were managed by open reduction, refreshment of the scaphoid nonunion site with iliac crest bone grafting, and threaded K-wires fixation in an anatomical alignment. The mean age was 28.58 ± 4.47 years. Postoperative clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Quick disabilities of arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score, and modified Mayo wrist score. Postoperative radiological union and scaphoid alignment were assessed. The minimum period of follow-up was one year. Results One year postoperatively, the mean modified Mayo wrist score was 81.67 ± 9.39 and the mean Quick DASH score was 25.67 ± 14.97. Radiologically, the union was achieved in 86.7%. The mean union time was 11.92 ± 1.54 weeks. Conclusions Threaded K-wires fixation with iliac bone grafting is an effective method for treating nonunited middle third scaphoid fractures.

A Rare Case of Chondromyxoid Fibroma of Calcaneum: A Case Report

Chondromyxoid fibroma is a rare benign Primary tumour occurring in the calcaneum. We report a case of a 23-year-old woman with 3 months history of sudden onset right heel pain with no history of trauma. Which was exacerbated by movement such as walking and standing. A radiographic examination of the right foot and ankle revealed a lesion in the posterior part of the calcaneum. The calcaneum was further evaluated using an MRI scan which revealed a lytic lesion with clearly defined borders. The lesion was treated with curettage, iliac bone grafting, and cementing. Three months after surgery, the graft was consolidated with bone cement in place. There was no sign of recurrence at the one-year follow-up, and the patient had adequate ankle range of motion. Even though the tumour is rare, there is a need for physicians to recognize its radiological features and offer appropriate treatment options. Keywords: Chondromyxoid fibroma, Lytic lesion, Benign primary tumour

Early results of intramedullary nail fixation in distal tibia oblique osteotomy for the reduction of soft tissue complications.

During distal tibial oblique osteotomy, external fixators can increase pin site infection risk, whereas plates can cause wound necrosis, necessitating a compromise between soft-tissue position and length. We provide the first report of the early results of intramedullary nail fixation in these osteotomies for avoiding soft tissue complications. Ten ankles, classed as Takakura-Tanaka stages 3a to 4 and unclassified and treated via distal tibial oblique osteotomy for ankle osteoarthritis between 2017 and 2021, were included. Osteotomy was performed obliquely from the distal medial tibia to the tibiofibular joint. The distal tibial fragment was rotated distally in the coronal plane for realignment. An intramedullary nail fixation was applied for stabilization. The resulting gap was filled with iliac bone graft. Ankles were evaluated on the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot ankle-Hindfoot Scale and Self-Administered Foot Evaluation Questionnaire before surgery and at final follow-up. Radiographic assessments were performed. Bone union was achieved within 3 months in all patients. There were no cases of wound necrosis or correction loss postsurgery. Japanese Society scale scores significantly improved from 40.3 ± 15.9 to 87.5 ± 12.6 (P < 0.01). Mean self-evaluation scale scores (pain and pain-related, physical functioning and daily living, social functioning, general health and well-being) improved significantly. shoe-related scores did not change significantly but improved. There was no correction loss after surgery, with an average widening of 24.2 mm and opening angle of 22.6° at the osteotomy site. Our study showed that intramedullary nail for fixation of the osteotomy site in distal tibial oblique osteotomy effectively prevents soft tissues complications even in osteotomy sites with large openings.

Decision to Preserving Ankle Joint Function in Neglected Neck Talus Fracture with Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus Patient : A Case Report

Talus fractures are rare injuries to the hindfoot that still challenging in treatment. The anastomotic ring is likely to be damaged in neck talus fractures, which disrupt the blood flow and cause significant problems affecting fracture healing. Poor fracture healing and an increased risk of surgical complications were also associated with complex diabetes mellitus. We follow the progress of the illness from a 47 year old female complaint pain on her left ankle after falling down 6 months before outpatient. Physical examination shows swelling and varus deformed on affected ankle. Ankle x-ray and CT scan were done. Patient diagnosed as neglected close fracture left neck talus Hawkins type IV with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Then patient undergo an ankle arthroscopy to evaluate ankle joint and preserving ankle joint procedure by subtalar arthrodesis and iliac bone graft. This procedure achieved an excellent result in preserve ankle aligment, stability and soft tissue management. After 2 weeks wound heals without signs of infection and 3 weeks of followup VAS score mention from 0 to 1, with good compliance of the patient. Arthroscopy is safe procedure obtaining anatomical joint surface and reduce tissue damage. While arthrodesis enhance blood supply to encourage bone union, though loss of its ankle motion also has significant effect on ambulation.

A Case of Bone Nonunion Treated with Iliac Bone and Allogeneic Bone Grafting Combined with Jiegudan

A Case of Bone Nonunion Treated with Iliac Bone and Allogeneic Bone Grafting Combined with Jiegudan

Conditions of Iliac Bone Graft Application in Mandibular Defects Replacement: A Retrospective Study of 11-years� Experience.

Conditions of Iliac Bone Graft Application in Mandibular Defects Replacement: A Retrospective Study of 11-years� Experience.