Ileal Lymph Nodes Research Articles

Suppression of parasitemia in rodent filariasis (Litomosoides carinii) by immunization with BCG and microfilaria. I. Intracutaneous inoculation of BCG

After intracutaneous inoculation of BCG and challenge by subcutaneous injection of infective larvae of Litomosoides carinii, the parasitaemia of the filarial infection in cotton rats remains significantly lower when BCG and larvae are applied in the region of the same popliteal and ileal lymph nodes. However, when the infective larvae are directed to other regional lymph nodes (Ln cubitales and axillares), the depression of microfilaraemia is missed. The worm load (recovery rate) and the expulsion of microfilariae by the adult worms are not influenced by the BCG inoculation. Obviously BCG stimulates the lymphatic tissue unspecifically, and the infective larvae produce the first antigen contact, which is boostered by the microfilariae at the onset of patency. When the intracutaneous BCG inoculation is combined with specific antigen stimulation by simultaneous injection of blood microfilariae in the region of the same lymph nodes, the microfilaraemia of the challenge infection disappears completely or remains extremely low.

The arterial supply to the ileum, cecum and proximal loop of the ascending colon in the ox.

AbstractThis study describes in detail the arteries supplying the ileum, cecum and proximal loop of the ascending colon in the ox important to the veterinary surgeon treating disorders of these segments of the intestinal tract. The ileum was vascularized by the mesenteric ileal artery (from the ileocolic), the first ileal artery (from the cranial mesenteric) and by the ileal branches of the cecal artery which, by means of their anastomoses, form a row of antimesenteric arches in the ileal part of the ileocecal fold. The termination of the ileum was also supplied by twigs from the ileocecocolic arch. The ileum appears to be the most vascular part of the small intestine. The cecum was supplied mainly by the cecal branches of the cecal artery. The proximal end of the cecum was also vascularized by branches from the ileocecocolic arch. The proximal loop of the colon was vascularized by the three colic branches of the ileocolic. The first colic branch supplied the third part of the loop, the second colic branch supplied the first and the second parts of the loop and the third colic branch supplied the first part and, together with the first cecal branch of the cecal artery, formed the ileocecocolic arch at the dorsolateral surface of the ileocecocolic junction.The terminal branches of the arteries to the ileum, cecum and proximal loop of the colon detached lateral branches in the tunica muscularis which anastomosed with similar branches from neighboring arteries in an arcuate manner in the tunica submucosa. The terminal branches from both sides terminated in the free border, releasing branches which anastomosed with each other in the tunica submucosa.The colic lymph nodes were supplied by the colic branches of the ileocolic artery, die two largest nodes being perforated by some of the branches of the first two colic branches. The ileal lymph nodes were supplied by the ileal arteries of the cranial mesenteric. They were also perforated by these arteries. Cecal lymph nodes were seen only in the specimen from the calf. They were much smaller than the colic and ileal nodes and were supplied by the first two or three cecal branches of the cecal artery and also by twigs arising directly from the cecal artery.

Antibody-containing cell response of sheep to intestinal infusion of killed Brucella abortus cells

The antibody-containing cell (ACC) output in efferent ileal lymph was used to monitor the immune response of sheep to killed Brucella abortus cells infused into the ileum. Infusion of Br. abortus cells resulted in a substantial output of ACC beginning 4 days after the start of infusion. Peak levels of ACC were detected at Day 6 when 25 × 10 5 ACC/h were discharged into lymph. A second infusion of Brucella cells resulted in an enhanced response. During the first response approximately equal numbers of IgA- and IgM-ACC were produced, but during the second response IgA-ACC predominated. Infusion of Br. abortus cells simultaneously with DEAE-dextran substantially enhanced the response. Peak levels of ACC of 100 × 10 5 ACC/h were recorded 6 days after the start of infusion. ACC were equally distributed among the IgM and IgA classes. Histological examination of tissues showed that a large number of ACC were in the lamina propria of the ileum while only scattered ACC were found in the ileal lymph node.