IL-6 Gene Research Articles

Potential antiaging activity of secretome gel of human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs) in UV-induced mice models.

Skin aging is a degenerative process that can be induced by UV irradiation. UV radiation can produce reactive oxidate stress which causes premature aging. This study aims to examine the antiaging potential of secretome gel (SC) from human Wharton Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hWJ-MSCs) in a UVB-induced mice model. The secretome was obtained from hWJ-MSCs and made in gel form. Male mice were radiated by UVB for 15 min twice daily for 14 days. The gel was topically applied to the mice's dorsal skin. Two treatments of secretome gel: secretome 1 is applied once and secretome 2 is applied twice daily after UVB radiation. TGF-β1, IL-10, and IL-18 gene expression was determined using RT-PCR. Hematoxylin Eosin staining was used to observe the inflammation and collagen density of skin tissue. An immunohistochemistry assay was used to analyze the protein expression of P53, COL4A1, MMP-2, and MMP-13. The data were statistically analyzed using the ANOVA test followed by the Tukey post hoc test (P<0.05). UVB induction caused loss of collagen, increasing inflammation and high expression of aging mediators. SC increased the gene expression of TGF-β1 and IL-10 and decreased IL-18 gene expression. Histopathological tests showed that SG increased collagen density, lowered inflammation, and repaired cell damage in skin tissue. Immunohistochemistry test showed that SC decreased MMP-2, MMP-13, and P53 expression, in contrast, increased COL4A1. The secretome gel of hWJ-MSCs showed antiaging activities with potential for preventing and curing skin aging.

Probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri KUB-AC5 decreases urothelial cell invasion and enhances macrophage killing of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in vitro study.

Bacterial urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common infectious diseases worldwide. The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) UTI cases is a significant threat to healthcare systems. Several probiotic bacteria have been proposed as an alternative to combat MDR UTI. Lactic acid bacteria in the genus Limosilactobacillus are some of the most studied and used probiotics. However, strain-specific effects play a critical role in probiotic properties. L. reuteri KUB-AC5 (AC5), isolated from the chicken gut, confers antimicrobial and immunobiotic effects against some human pathogens. However, the antibacterial and immune modulatory effects of AC5 on UPEC have never been explored. Here, we investigated both the direct and indirect effects of AC5 against UPEC isolates (UTI89, CFT073, and clinical MDR UPEC AT31) in vitro. Using a spot-on lawn, agar-well diffusion, and competitive growth assays, we found that viable AC5 cells and cell-free components of this probiotic significantly reduced the UPEC growth of all strains tested. The human bladder epithelial cell line UM-UC-3 was used to assess the adhesion and pathogen-attachment inhibition properties of AC5 on UPEC. Our data showed that AC5 can attach to UM-UC-3 and decrease UPEC attachment in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment of UPEC-infected murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells with viable AC5 (multiplicity of infection, MOI = 1) for 24 hours enhanced macrophage-killing activity and increased proinflammatory (Nos2, Il6, and Tnfa) and anti-inflammatory (Il10) gene expression. These findings indicate the gut-derived AC5 probiotic could be a potential urogenital probiotic against MDR UTI.

Chlorella vulgaris extract conjugated magnetic iron nanoparticles in nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Growth promoting, immunostimulant and antioxidant role and combating against the synergistic infection with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and Aeromonashydrophila

Nile tilapia reared under intensive conditions was more susceptible for Ichthyophthirius multifilii (I. multifiliis) infection eliciting higher mortality, lower productive rate and further bacterial coinfection with Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila). The higher potency of magnetic field of iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) can kill pathogens through inhibiting their viability. Herein, coating of Chlorella vulgaris extract (ChVE) with magnetic iron oxide NPs (Mag iron NPs) can create an external magnetic field that facilitates their release inside the targeted tissues. Thus, the current study is focused on application of new functionalized properties of Mag iron NPs in combination with ChVE and their efficacy to alleviate I. multifiliis and subsequent infection with A. hydrophila in Nile tilapia. Four hundred fingerlings were divided into: control group (with no additives), three groups fed control diet supplemented with ChVE, Mag iron NPs and ChVE@Mag iron NPs for 90 days. At the end of feeding trial fish were challenged with I. multifiliis and at 9 days post challenge was coinfected by A. hydrophila. A remarkable higher growth rate and an improved feed conversion ratio were detected in group fed ChVE@Mag iron-NPs. The maximum expression of antioxidant enzymes in skin and gills tissues (GSH-Px, CAT, and SOD) which came in parallel with higher serum activities of these enzymes was identified in groups received ChVE@Mag iron-NPs. Furthermore, group fed a combination of ChVE and Mag iron-NPs showed a boosted immune response (higher lysozyme, IgM, ACH50, and MPO) prior to challenge with I. multifiliis. In contrast, fish fed ChVE@Mag iron-NPs supplemented diet had lower infection (decreased by 62%) and mortality rates (decreased by 84%), as well as less visible white spots (decreased by 92 % at 12 dpi) on the body surfaces and mucous score. Interestingly, post I. multifiliis the excessive inflammatory response in gill and skin tissues was subsided by feeding on ChVE@Mag iron-NPs as proved by down regulation of IL-1β, TNFα, COX-2 and iNOS and upregulation of IL-10, and IgM, IgT and Muc-2 genes. Notably, group exposed to I. multifiliis-showed higher mortality when exposed to Aeromonas hydrophilia (increased by 43 %) while group fed ChVE@Mag iron-NPs exhibited lower morality (2%). Moreover, the bacterial loads of A. hydrophilia in fish infected by I. multifiliis and fed control diet were higher than those received dietary supplement of ChVE, Mag iron-NPs and the most reduced load was obtained in group fed ChVE@Mag iron-NPs at 7 dpi. In conclusion, ChVE@Mag iron-NPs fed fish had stronger immune barrier and antioxidant functions of skin and gills, and better survival following I. multifiliis and A. hydrophilia infection.

BMAL2 promotes eCIRP-induced macrophage endotoxin tolerance.

The disruption of the circadian clock is associated with inflammatory and immunological disorders. BMAL2, a critical circadian protein, forms a dimer with CLOCK, activating transcription. Extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP), released during sepsis, can induce macrophage endotoxin tolerance. We hypothesized that eCIRP induces BMAL2 expression and promotes macrophage endotoxin tolerance through triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1). C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) male mice were subjected to sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Serum levels of eCIRP 20h post-CLP were assessed by ELISA. Peritoneal macrophages (PerM) were treated with recombinant mouse (rm) CIRP (eCIRP) at various doses for 24h. The cells were then stimulated with LPS for 5h. The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the culture supernatants were assessed by ELISA. PerM were treated with eCIRP for 24h, and the expression of PD-L1, IL-10, STAT3, TREM-1 and circadian genes such as BMAL2, CRY1, and PER2 was assessed by qPCR. Effect of TREM-1 on eCIRP-induced PerM endotoxin tolerance and PD-L1, IL-10, and STAT3 expression was determined by qPCR using PerM from TREM-1-/- mice. Circadian gene expression profiles in eCIRP-treated macrophages were determined by PCR array and confirmed by qPCR. Induction of BMAL2 activation in bone marrow-derived macrophages was performed by transfection of BMAL2 CRISPR activation plasmid. The interaction of BMAL2 in the PD-L1 promoter was determined by computational modeling and confirmed by the BIAcore assay. Serum levels of eCIRP were increased in septic mice compared to sham mice. Macrophages pre-treated with eCIRP exhibited reduced TNFα and IL-6 release upon LPS challenge, indicating macrophage endotoxin tolerance. Additionally, eCIRP increased the expression of PD-L1, IL-10, and STAT3, markers of immune tolerance. Interestingly, TREM-1 deficiency reversed eCIRP-induced macrophage endotoxin tolerance and significantly decreased PD-L1, IL-10, and STAT3 expression. PCR array screening of circadian clock genes in peritoneal macrophages treated with eCIRP revealed the elevated expression of BMAL2, CRY1, and PER2. In eCIRP-treated macrophages, TREM-1 deficiency prevented the upregulation of these circadian genes. In macrophages, inducible BMAL2 expression correlated with increased PD-L1 expression. In septic human patients, blood monocytes exhibited increased expression of BMAL2 and PD-L1 in comparison to healthy subjects. Computational modeling and BIAcore assay identified a putative binding region of BMAL2 in the PD-L1 promoter, suggesting BMAL2 positively regulates PD-L1 expression in macrophages. eCIRP upregulates BMAL2 expression via TREM-1, leading to macrophage endotoxin tolerance in sepsis. Targeting eCIRP to maintain circadian rhythm may correct endotoxin tolerance and enhance host resistance to bacterial infection.

Oregano Leaf Extract Dietary Administration Modulates Performance, Redox Status, Intestinal Health, and Expression of Some Related Genes of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.)

Abstract The main objective of the current trial was to evaluate the beneficial influences of Origanum vulgare leaf extract (OVLE) on growth, some blood indices, redox status, and the expression of some growth and immune-related genes. Three thousand seven hundred and eighty Nile tilapia fingerlings were allocated to six equal groups. The first group served as a control and received a basal diet, while the other five groups were fed diets containing graded amounts of OVLE (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5%, respectively) and defined as OVLE0.1, OVLE0.2, OVLE0.3, OVLE0.4, and OVLE0.5 for 98 days. Growth performance and feed efficiency parameters were significantly improved in OVLE0.4 and OVLE0.5 groups compared with the control group. The hematological indices, specifically hemoglobin, red blood cell, and white blood cell count were significantly increased in the fish group fed a 4% OVLE-supplemented diet compared to other groups. Fish fed higher dietary inclusion levels of OVLE significantly increased total protein and albumin concentrations compared to other experimental groups. The OVLE0.4 and OVLE0.5 supplemented groups promoted innate immune response and phagocytic activity and stimulated the lipase enzyme activity of Nile tilapia. All estimated redox markers were significantly improved in the fish groups that received 4 or 5% OVLE compared with the control and other OVLE groups. The fish groups fed higher levels of OVLE significantly upregulated the expression of GH, IL-8, and IL-1β genes and downregulated the expression of the Hsp70 gene. Furthermore, the intestinal histological features demonstrated normal structure in all OVLE-administered fish groups, with improved intestinal villus length compared to the untreated group. Finally, it could be concluded that including OVLE in the Nile tilapia diet at higher levels (0.4 up to 0.5%) could improve performance and general health status.

Therapeutic potential of black seed oil in treating rheumatoid arthritis: Insights on biochemical and genetic analyses of inflammatory signaling transducer

Nigella sativa (Black seed) has been a longstanding component of traditional medicine. Rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disorder targeting bone, cartilage, and synovial cells, leads to enduring joint damage due to pathological immune responses. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of black seed oil in treating rheumatoid arthritis using a rat model. Fifty male albino rats were randomly assigned to five groups: control, induced arthritis, induced arthritis treated with black seed oil, induced arthritis treated with hydroxychloroquine, and induced arthritis treated with a combination of black seed oil and hydroxychloroquine. Arthritis was induced in the rats using single dose of 0.1 ml of Complete Freunds Adjuvant. Biochemical and genetic analyses of signaling transducers (IFNγ, IL-4, STAT3, and IL-12) were conducted on blood samples and stifle joints. Results indicated that induced arthritis led to elevated serum AST, ALT activities, creatinine, urea, FBS, RF, Anti-CCP, and CRP, along with reduced serum TAC. Additionally, there was an upregulation of IL-12, IFNγ, and STAT3 genes, and a downregulation of IL-4 gene compared to the normal control group. Treatment with black seed oil or hydroxychloroquine individually demonstrated notable improvements in these parameters, although the combined treatment showed less marked improvement. In conclusion, black seed oil demonstrates potential therapeutic benefits in alleviating the negative impacts of rheumatoid arthritis.

Evaluation of gene-gene interaction between the interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-2RA gene polymorphisms in schizophrenia patients in the Turkish Population.

To evaluate the genetic polymorphisms in IL-2 and IL-2RA genes in schizophrenia (SCZ) patients by comparing them with healthy controls. A sample of 127 patients with SCZ and 100 healthy volunteers were included in the case-control study. These individuals were consecutively selected from the Malazgirt State Hospital Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic in Mus, Turkey, over the three months from October 2020 to December 2020. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders, Clinician Version (SCID-5-CV) was used to confirm the diagnosis according to the DSM-5 criteria. In addition, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to determine gene polymorphisms from DNA material. Our findings indicated significant differences in the IL-2 genotype and allele frequencies between SCZ patients and the healthy control group. Specifically, the frequency of the homozygous GG genotype was notably higher in SCZ patients compared to the control group. Conversely, when comparing the IL-2RA genotype and allele frequencies of SCZ patients with the control group, no statistically significant differences were observed between the 2 groups. When compared to individuals with other genotypes, interaction analysis indicated that carriers of the GG/AG (IL-2/IL-2RA) genotype demonstrated a significantly increased risk of SCZ. In light of the analyses, our study indicates that while the IL-2 genotype polymorphism may be considered a risk factor for developing SCZ, the IL-2RA variant was not associated with SCZ among Turkish patients.

Impact of IL-6 and IL-10 genotypes on tacrolimus dose requirements in kidney transplant recipients: Monte Carlo analysis.

Introduction: IL-6 and IL-10 may affect the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A enzymes involved in tacrolimus (Tac) metabolism. Moreover, the effect of IL-6 and IL-10 on Tac pharmacokinetics may differ with respect to the genetic variations in their genes.Aim: To examine the influence of IL-6 and IL-10 gene polymorphisms on Tac dose requirements and exposure over a 5-year period following kidney transplantation. Univariate and standard multivariate linear regression and Monte Carlo analysis were performed to investigate potential covariates influencing Tac dose-adjusted trough concentration (C0/D) in various post-transplantation periods.Materials & methods: IL-6 (-174G>C), IL-10 (-1082G>A, -819C>T and -592C>A) genotype, Tac daily dose, C0, C0/D and intrapatient variability data were collected from 113 patients.Results: Multivariate regression analysis and accompanied Monte Carlo simulation underscore the importance of considering IL-6 -174G>C and IL-10 -1082G>A gene polymorphisms, alongside Tac metabolic phenotype and post-transplantation period, when tailoring Tac dosage regimen.Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights regarding the individualized adjustment of Tac treatment in various post-transplantation periods.

Ex vivo Anti-Senescence Activity of N-Acetylcysteine in Visceral Adipose Tissue of Obese Volunteers

Introduction: Excessive visceral adiposity is known to drive the onset of metabolic derangements, mostly involving oxidative stress, prolonged inflammation, and cellular senescence. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a synthetic form of l-cysteine with potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-senescence properties. This ex-vivo study aimed to determine the effect of NAC on some markers of senescence including β-galactosidase activity and p16, p53, p21, IL-6, and TNF-α gene expressions in visceral adipose tissue in obese adults. Methods: This ex-vivo experimental study involved 10 obese participants who were candidates for bariatric surgery. Duplicate biopsies from the abdominal visceral adipose tissue were obtained from the omentum. The biopsies were treated with or without NAC (5 and 10 mm). To evaluate adipose tissue senescence, beta-galactosidase (β-gal) activity and the expression of P16, P21, P53, IL-6, and TNF-α were determined. ANOVA test was employed to analyze the varying markers of cellular senescence and inflammation between treatment groups. Results: The NAC at concentrations of 5 mm and 10 mm resulted in a noteworthy reduction β-gal activity compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Additionally, the expression of P16, P21, and IL-6 was significantly reduced following treatment with NAC (5 mm) and NAC (10 mm) compared to the control group (All p < 0.001). Discussion/Conclusion: Taken together, these data suggest the senotherapeutic effect of NAC, as it effectively reduces the activity of SA-β-gal and the expression of IL-6, P16, and P21 genes in the visceral adipose tissue of obese individuals.

Role of the Pseudomonas plecoglossicida fliL gene in immune response of infected hybrid groupers (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂).

Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, a gram-negative bacterium, is the main pathogen of visceral white-point disease in marine fish, responsible for substantial economic losses in the aquaculture industry. The FliL protein, involved in torque production of the bacterial flagella motor, is essential for the pathogenicity of a variety of bacteria. In the current study, the fliL gene deletion strain (ΔfliL), fliL gene complement strain (C-ΔfliL), and wild-type strain (NZBD9) were compared to explore the influence of the fliL gene on P. plecoglossicida pathogenicity and its role in host immune response. Results showed that fliL gene deletion increased the survival rate (50%) and reduced white spot disease progression in the hybrid groupers. Moreover, compared to the NZBD9 strain, the ΔfliL strain was consistently associated with lower bacterial loads in the grouper spleen, head kidney, liver, and intestine, coupled with reduced tissue damage. Transcriptomic analysis identified 2 238 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the spleens of fish infected with the ΔfliL strain compared to the NZBD9 strain. Based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, the DEGs were significantly enriched in seven immune system-associated pathways and three signaling molecule and interaction pathways. Upon infection with the ΔfliL strain, the toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway was activated in the hybrid groupers, leading to the activation of transcription factors (NF-κB and AP1) and cytokines. The expression levels of proinflammatory cytokine-related genes IL-1β, IL-12B, and IL-6 and chemokine-related genes CXCL9, CXCL10, and CCL4 were significantly up-regulated. In conclusion, the fliL gene markedly influenced the pathogenicity of P. plecoglossicida infection in the hybrid groupers. Notably, deletion of fliL gene in P. plecoglossicida induced a robust immune response in the groupers, promoting defense against and elimination of pathogens via an inflammatory response involving multiple cytokines.

Anti-inflammatory activity of sappan wood extract cream (Caesalpinia sappan) in porphyromonas gingivalis-induced gingivitis rats models

Background: Gingivitis is a dysbiotic condition characterized by persistent inflammation caused by a disease-associated multispecies bacterial population that has established itself in the subgingival region. Aim: The objectives of this study is to analyze the anti-inflammatory activity of sappan wood extract cream (SWC) in Porphyromonas gingivalis induced-periodontitis rats model. Methods: In this study, rats were infected to the gingiva with P. gingivalis as an inducer for gingivitis rats model for 14 days. The SWC were treated topically into the infected tissue. The inflammation and angiogenesis of gingival tissue was analyzed using histological examination. An immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay was used to analyze the Nuclear Factor kappa-B (NF-kB) protein expression. Masson Trichrome (MT) assay was used to analyze the histopathology of collagen Scores. The Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-1 β (IL-1β), IL-6, and P38 genes expression were measured using quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: The induction of P. gingivalis -induced the gingivitis in rats model indicated by reddish gingiva and bacterial plaque. MT tests showed that SWC increased collagen density, HE test showed increased angiogenesis and in contrast, lowered inflammation score. IHC test showed that SWC decreased the expression of NF-kB protein. The TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and P38 gene expression were also decreased due to the SWC treatment. Conclusion: Sappan wood extract cream proves that it has anti-inflammatory activity which has the potential to prevent or treat gingivitis

Lawsonia intracellularis regulates nuclear factor-κB signalling pathway during infection.

Lawsonia intracellularis is the etiological agent of proliferative enteropathy (PE) in pigs, horses and wide range of mammals. Little is known about the role of innate immune response during L. intracellularis infection. In this study, we investigated the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-regulated immune response against infection of a clinical strain Dkp23 and a live-attenuated Enterisol vaccine strain in PK-15 cells. We found that expression of NF-κB target genes TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-8 were modulated during the course of infection. At 5 dpi, there was a significant increase in p65 NF-κB activation, including protein nuclear translocation and phosphorylation, synchronous with the induction of IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-8 expression in L. intracellularis infected cells, especially for Enterisol vaccine strain-infected cells. This result suggests that NF-κB signalling level is induced when L. intracellularis bacterial load peaks at 5 dpi. The induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines expression is consistent with the decreased viability of L. intracellularis-infected cells especially that of the vaccine strain. There were no significant changes in NF-κB signalling between vaccine and Dkp23 infection in PK-15 cells, except for moderate levels of differences in NF-κB target genes expression which might be a reflection of differences in intracellular bacterial load. Overall, the data presented here indicate a correlation between the induction of NF-κB signalling and the L. intracellularis bacterial load in PK-15 cells.

421 Association between placental gene expression and IL-10 levels in maternal serum

421 Association between placental gene expression and IL-10 levels in maternal serum

Inflammation status after retinal detachment could be modulate by TP53 gene

Aims/Purpose: The TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism has been linked to the risk of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and may alter the functional prognosis of individuals with retinal detachment (RD). The current study aims to determine the effect of the TP53 Arg72Pro variant on inflammation and apoptosis following RD.Methods: Sixty patients undergoing RD surgery were included in the study. Using the PCR‐RFLP method, the TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism was identified in peripheral blood. A RD model was also performed in humanized TP53 Arg72Pro KI mice. In human and animal retinal tissues, mRNA expression for genes involved in inflammation and apoptosis were examined using comparative quantitative PCR (qPCR). Immunohistochemistry was performed to study the presence of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the mouse retina. For statistical analysis, the SPSS v15 program was employed.Results: After RD, mice with the proline mutation exhibited increased expression of the inflammatory genes TGFB1, IL1 and IL6. Additionally, after RD, the immunoexpression of retinal GFAP was also raised in the Pro variant. Carriers of the Arg/Arg mutation displayed an increase in the relative mRNA expression of the BAX and CASP3 intrinsic apoptotic genes in retinal tissue after RD in patients and mice model.Conclusions: The human TP53 Arg72Pro genetic variant has been linked to inflammation and retinal cellular death after RD, suggesting that it could be a genetic biomarker for RD prognosis.Funded: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain Government) (PID2020‐114585RA‐I00).

Effects of zingerone on rat induced testicular toxicity by sodium arsenite via oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy pathways.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of zingerone (ZNG) treatment on testicular toxicity in rats induced by sodium arsenite (SA). In the study, five groups were formed (n=7) and the experimental groups were designated as follows; Vehicle group, ZNG group, SA group, SA+ZNG 25 group, and SA+ZNG 50 group. While SA was administered orally to rats at 10 mg/kg/bw, ZNG was given to rats orally at 25 and 50 mg/kg/bw doses for 14 days. As a result of the presented study, an increase was observed in the MDA contents of the testicular tissue of the rats administered SA, while significant decreases were observed in GSH levels, SOD, CAT, and GPx activities. The mRNA transcript levels of the pro-inflammatory genes NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were triggered after SA administration. Additionally, SA administration caused inflammation by increasing RAGE, NLRP3, and JAK-2/STAT3 gene expression. Moreover, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurred in the testicular tissues of SA-treated rats and thus ATF-6, PERK, IRE1, and GRP78 genes were up-regulated. SA caused apoptosis by up-regulating Bax and Caspase-3 expressions and inhibiting Bcl-2 expression in testicles. SA caused histological irregularities in the testicles, resulting in decreased sperm quality. ZNG treatment reduced SA-induced oxidative stress, ER stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and histological irregularities in the testicles while increasing sperm quality. As a result, it was observed that ZNG could alleviate the toxicity caused by SA in the testicles.

Association of IL-18 gene polymorphisms with clinical aspects of hyperlipidemia in middle-aged and early people in the community.

Hyperlipidemia is notorious for causing coronary artery disease (CAD). IL-18 is a proinflammtory cytokine that contributes to the pathogenesis of CAD. Previous reports have revealed that genetic polymorphism of IL-18 is associated with its expression level as well as the susceptibility to CAD. In the present study, we aim to investigate the relationship between IL-18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and hyperlipidemia in the Han Chinese population in Taiwan. A total of 580 participants older than 30 were recruited from the community. We collected the demographics, self-reported disease histories, and lifestyles. We also assessed the levels of lipid profiles including total cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Two SNPs, rs3882891C/A (intron 5) and rs1946518A/C (promoter -607) of IL-18 were elucidated by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. Our results revealed that rs3882891 AA was associated with lower risk of hypercholesterolemia, higher CHOL and LDL-C in subjects (p=0.003, p=0.000 and p=0.005 separately), and rs1946518 CC was associated with hypercholesterolemia, higher CHOL and LDL-C as well (p=0.021, p=0.003 and p=0.001 separately) Furthermore, both SNPs were associated with IL-18 expression level, which was examined by Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) Portal (p=0.042 and 0.016 separately). Finally, the haplotype of IL-18 was subsequently arranged in the order of rs3882891 and rs1946518. The result revealed that the AC haplotype of 2 IL-18 SNPs was also associated with lower risk of hypercholesterolemia, lower levels of CHOL and LDL-C (p=0.01, p=0.001 and 0.003). The current study is the first to report the association between IL-18 SNPs and hyperlipidemia in the Chinese Han population.

The Role of Interleukin 10 Genetic Variations in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Perspectives of Genetics, Pathogenesis and Immunology

Pulmonary tuberculosis remains a significant global public health challenge. In efforts to overcome this disease, a deeper understanding of the role of individual genetics, such as IL-10 genetic variation, in the response to M. tuberculosis infection is critical. Research that has been conducted shows that IL-10, which has an important role in regulating the immune response, can also influence the development of TB. Genetic variations in the IL-10 gene play a role in determining the extent of the immune response to TB infection and an individual's risk of this disease. The interaction between Treg cells, IL-10, and TB is also an important aspect in the pathogenesis and management of TB. Although Treg cells and IL-10 have a role in controlling excessive inflammation, too much of either can dampen the immune response needed to overcome infections. The implication of this research is that the development of more targeted and personalized therapy is an important step in overcoming TB. The use of individual genetic knowledge, such as IL-10 genetic variations, can help design more effective therapies and improve patient prognosis. However, challenges such as drug resistance and the complexity of genetic-immunological interactions remain challenges that need to be overcome in TB management. Overall, this study shows the importance of involving the fields of genetics and immunology in global efforts to address pulmonary tuberculosis. With a deeper understanding of the factors that influence the immune response to TB infection, we can hope to develop more effective strategies in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this disease and reduce the burden of TB worldwide.

Functional role of IL-19 in a mouse model of L-arginine-induced pancreatitis and related lung injury.

IL-19 is a member of IL-10 family and is mainly produced by macrophages. Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease characterized by acinar cell injury and necrosis. In the present study, the role of IL-19 in AP and AP-associated lung injury in mice was explored using L-arginine-induced pancreatitis. Experimental pancreatitis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of L-arginine in wild-type (WT) and IL-19 gene-deficient (IL-19 KO) mice. Among the mice treated with L-arginine, the serum amylase level was significantly increased in the IL-19 KO mice, and interstitial edema, analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections, was aggravated mildly in IL-19 KO mice compared with WT mice. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α was significantly upregulated in IL-19 KO mice treated with L-arginine compared with WT mice treated with L-arginine. IL-19 mRNA was equally expressed in the pancreases of both control and L-arginine-treated WT mice. The conditions of lung alveoli were then evaluated in WT and IL-19 KO mice treated with L-arginine. In mice with L-arginine-induced pancreatitis, the alveolar area was remarkedly decreased, and expression of lung myeloperoxidase was significantly increased in IL-19 KO mice compared with WT mice. In the lungs, the mRNA expression of IL-6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase was significantly increased in IL-19 KO mice compared with WT mice. In summary, IL-19 was proposed to alleviate L-arginine-induced pancreatitis by regulating TNF-α production and to protect against AP-related lung injury by inhibiting neutrophil migration.

Effects of pectin's degree of methyl esterification on TLR2-mediated IL-8 secretion and tight junction gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells: influence of soluble TLR2.

This study investigates the anti-inflammatory effects of pectins with different degrees of methyl esterification (DM) on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) expressing low and high levels of TLR2. It also studies the influence of soluble TLR2 (sTLR2) which may be enhanced in patients with inflammatory bowel syndrome on the inflammation-attenuating effects of pectins. Also, it examines the impact of pectins on tight junction gene expression in IECs. Lemon pectins with DM18 and DM88 were characterized, and their effects on TLR2-1-induced IL8 gene expression and secretion were investigated in low-TLR2 expressing Caco-2 and high-TLR2 expressing DLD-1 cells. The results demonstrate that both DM18 and DM88 pectins can counteract TLR2-1-induced IL-8 expression and secretion, with more pronounced effects observed in DLD-1 cells expressing high levels of TLR2. Furthermore, the presence of sTLR2 does not interfere with the attenuating effects of low DM18 pectin and may even support its anti-inflammatory effects in Caco-2 cells. The impact of pectins and sTLR2 on tight junction gene expression also demonstrates cell-type-dependent effects. Overall, these findings suggest that low DM pectins possess potent anti-inflammatory properties and may influence tight junction gene expression in IECs, thereby contributing to the maintenance of gut homeostasis.

The role of IL-4 −590 (C&gt;T) Gene as diagnostic biomarker of Hashimoto thyroiditis disease patients in AL-Najaf provenance /Iraq

The study of IL-4 genotyping in Hashimoto patients is considered one of the challenges of sustainable development .Hashimoto disease is an autoimmune disease that causes the immune system to attack the cells of the thyroid gland, causing the death of the cells that produce thyroid hormones, and thus leads to chronic hypothyroidism. The aim of current study is to determine the genotyping of IL-4 -590C&gt;T in the DNA of Hashimoto patients and compared with healthy subjects .A 54 blood samples were collected from people with Hashimoto's disease and 25 samples from healthy people during period from March to September of the year 2022 , DNA was extracted from blood using Favorprep Kit, then, using a specific primers for the C and T alleles of interleukin 4-590 C/T, then doubled using Arms PCR. Then, they were transported in agarose gel with the ethidium bromide dye and detected by the gel documentation system , ultraviolet rays use to determine the type of alleles present in each sample and compared with control group. The current study, which includes 50/54 female and 4/54 male with Hashimoto thyroiditis with ages ranged from 20-59 years old, the results show up that the age group 40-49 years were the most affected, Also the body mass index was had increases among patients. CT genotype present in 74% of Hashimoto patients while 16% of control. C allele was found as high rate in both patients and control with percentage 100% and 96% respectively. in conclusion: The Hashimoto patients have more frequency of CT genotyping of IL-4 -590 C&gt;T than control ,while C Allele was high in both Hashimoto patients and controls. The -590 CC genotype in the IL4 gene may consider to be a strong predictive factor for the development of hypothyroidism in HD.