IL-10 Gene Polymorphisms Research Articles

Allele frequency of promoter region -1082A>G interleukinl0 gene and risk of prostate tumors in Iraqi patients

Number of studies has demonstrated the relationship of interleukin 10 gene polymorphism with risk of prostate cancer. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region rs1800896 of IL-10 -1082A >G on the incidence of benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer in Iraqi patients. In this study, we studied IL-10 gene polymorphism in two groups of patients, thirty of whom have benign prostate hyperplasia and thirty have prostate cancer, as well as in thirty healthy subjects who were the control group. Relevant primers were used for the amplification by the polymerase chain reaction of the promoter region IL-10 rs1800896. Restriction fragment length polymorphism has been used to determine the frequencies of the alleles associated with each group of subjects studied. The amplified products of PCR were sequenced using the forward primer. The result of restriction fragment length polymorphism showed that AG, AA alleles were not found and GG allele was detected in all of the controls and patients, leading to a conclusion that AA, GG homozygotes and AG heterozygote alleles were not associated with both benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer.

The role of IL-4 gene polymorphism in HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients

BackgroundInterleukin-4 (IL-4), a pleiotropic anti-inflammatory cytokine, is produced mainly by activated T helper 2 (Th2). Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a typical inflammation-related cancer. Alterations influencing IL-4 expression may disturb immune response and may be associated with HCC risk. We aimed to verify role of IL4 gene polymorphism (IL-4-589C/T (rs2243250)) in HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients. IL-4-589C/T (rs2243250) polymorphism was examined in 50 patients with HCC on top of HCV, 40 patients with HCV-induced liver cirrhosis, and 30 healthy controls using the polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism method.ResultsOverall IL-4 gene polymorphism (IL-4-589C/T (rs2243250)) showed significant difference between hepatocellular carcinoma group versus liver cirrhosis and healthy control groups. TT homozygous genotype was more prevalent in HCC group (24%) versus (5%) in liver cirrhosis and (3.3%) in control. TT homozygous genotype had 10 times more risk of hepatocellular carcinoma versus healthy control group and 6.33 times more risk versus cirrhotic patients group (p value = 0.018 and 0.016 respectively).ConclusionIL-4-589C/T (rs2243250) polymorphism, TT homozygous genetic model, may be a risk factor in HCV-related HCC in Egyptian patients.

Roles de polimorfismos de IL-8, -251A/T y +781C/T, nivel de IL-8, y el riesgo de degeneración macular asociada con la edad

ObjectiveTo clarify the association between IL-8 gene polymorphisms, IL-8 level, towards the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). MethodsMeta-analysis was performed from available studies that investigated IL-8 −251A/T (rs4073) and +781C/T (rs2227306) polymorphisms and IL-8 levels in patients with AMD and controls. ResultsOverall, the pooled result showed a significant association between AMD with allelic (T vs. C; OR 1.53; p = 0.005), dominant (TT + CT vs. CC; OR 1.95; p = 0.017), homozygous (TT vs. CC; OR 2.03; p = 0.039) and heterozygous (CT vs. CC; OR 1.92; p = 0.032) models of rs2227306; while subgroup analysis revealed a significant association between rs2227306 with wet AMD in allelic (T vs. C; OR 1.69; p = 0.016), recessive (TT vs. CT + CC; OR 1.81; p = 0.00007), and homozygous (TT vs. CC; OR 2.64; p = 0.003) models. No significant association was observed between rs4073 with AMD in all inheritance models. In parallel, patients with AMD, particularly wet AMD had an elevated level of IL-8 compared to control. ConclusionThis meta-analysis suggests that patients with AMD or wet AMD have higher IL-8 levels compared to control, which is also supported by the evidence that carrier T allele of rs2227306 exhibited an increase in the risk of AMD or wet AMD. Thus, IL-8 +781C/T (rs2227306) polymorphism and the level of intraocular IL-8 may be useful as a biomarker for early detection and a therapeutic target of AMD.

The Association of IL-6, TNFα and CRP Gene Polymorphisms with Coronary Artery Disease in a Tunisian Population: A Case-Control study.

Coronary artery disease is an inflammatory disease. Systemic markers of inflammation such as Interleukin-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha and C-reactive protein have previously been shown to be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. The aim of the present study is to assess the role of variants in the IL-6 (- 174 G/C), TNFα (- 308 A/G) and CRP (+ 1059G/C) genes as susceptibility markers for CAD in a Tunisian population. The investigation was conducted as a case-control study involving 204 patients and 400 age-gender matched controls. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. There are significant differences between CAD patients and the control group with regard to BMI (p < 10-3) and family history of CAD (p < 10-3). The CAD patients are more likely to have a history of smoking (p < 10-3), have a higher value of TC (p = 0.003), LDLc (p = 0.016), hs-CRP (p = 0.01), IL6 (p < 10-3) and TNFα (p = 0.038). Our analysis showed significant differences between cases and controls in genotypic distribution of IL6-174CC (p = 0.003; OR = 7.71 CI (1.58-37.56)), TNFα - 308 AA (p = 0.004; OR = 2.95 (1.57-5.51)) and CRP + 1059 CC (p < 10-3; OR = 5.40 (2.30-12.68)). However, we failed to find an association between the different genotypes and the inflammatory markers levels. Our results suggest that the presence of IL-6 (- 174 G/C), TNFα (-308 A/G) and CRP (+ 1059G/C) polymorphisms, may be considered to be a risk factor for CAD in Tunisian population.

Association of Interleukin-10 Gene Polymorphisms with Ulcerative Colitis

This literature review is devoted to the study of the role of polymorphic variants of the anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 gene (Interleukin-10, IL10) in the etiology and pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis in patients of various ethnic groups. Aim . To generalize the results obtained from electronic databases on the study of the characteristics of the course of ulcerative colitis in patients of different ethnic groups, taking into account the carriage of IL10 gene polymorphisms. Materials and methods . Twenty-five studies were selected, including four meta-analyzes devoted to the study of associative relationships of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IL10 gene isolated from blood samples at positions -592AA/CA, -819CT, -1082АА/GA, and rs3024505 in the development and course of ulcerative colitis. Results. A number of researchers from Europe, Saudi Arabia report an increased incidence of ulcerative colitis among carriers of the IL10-1082AA SNP and a low incidence among carriers of -592AA. Positive associations of IL10-819CT with the prevalence of ulcerative colitis are presented in single reports from Europe, the Middle East and in a number of studies from Asian countries. However, the identified associations, even within the same population, are often contradictory. Perhaps the discrepancies are due to the ethnic heterogeneity of the groups in the considered cohorts, and therefore it is necessary to continue epidemiological studies with a large sample size in specific geographic areas.

Sera Level and Polymorphism of Interleukin-33 Gene in Iraqi Females Patients with Breast Cancer

Interleukin-33 [IL-33] is a specific ligand for the ST2 receptor, and a member of theIL-1 family. It is a dual-function protein that acts both as an extracellular alarmin cytokine,and an as an intracellular nuclear factor participates in maintaining barrier function byregulating gene expression of IL-33 modulating tumor growth and anti-tumor immunity incancer patients. The present study aimed to investigate the role of IL-33 serum level and genepolymorphism in Iraqi women with breast cancer. Materials and methods: Blood sampleswere collected from 66 Iraqi patient women diagnosed with breast cancer, which were dividedinto two groups: pre-treatment [PT] and under treatment with chemotherapy [UTC] patients inaddition to 34 apparently healthy women who were matched with patients as a control.ELISA technique was used to determine the IL-33 serum level. The PCR-RFLP techniquewas performed to determine IL-33 gene polymorphisms at single nucleotide polymorphismSNP [rs1929992]. Results: IL-33 serum level recorded lower significant in PT [182.22 ±29.86pg/ml] and UTC [129.87 ± 45.11pg/ml] patients compared with control [258.08 ± 39.54 pg/ml] under [p&lt;0.05]. In a polymorphism study on IL-33 SNP [rs1929992] showed AG genotype recorded the high frequency in control than in patients [76.47, 58.46] compared to other genotypes AA, GG with no significant difference according to fisher’s exact probability. In conclusion: IL-33 serum level decreased after performing surgery on breast cancer patients. There was no association between breast cancer development and IL-33 SNP [rs1929992]. The heterozygous genotype AG was a common genotype in the Iraqi population. Allele G had an environmental fraction, while allele A had preventive fraction, which related to increasing the level of IL-33 with both genotypes AA, AG in the healthy control group, in contrast with GG genotype which showed the highest level in the patients’ group.

Evaluation of IL1B rs1143634 and IL6 rs1800796 Polymorphisms with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Turkish Children

ABSTRACT Background Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by genetic, environmental and immunological factors. It is known that neural development processes are affected by immune functions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between cytokines IL6 and IL1B gene polymorphisms in ASD. Methods DNA isolations were performed in 95 children diagnosed with ASD and 84 unrelated healthy children, single-nucleotide changes in IL6 (rs1800796) and IL1B (rs1143634) genes were determined by using Real-Time PCR (Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction) method. Results IL6 rs1800796 polymorphism presented an elevated risk for the development of ASD with CG genotype and dominant model (CG+GG vs. CC), CG+GG carriers (OR = 1.867, p = 0.057; OR = 1.847, p = 0.055, respectively). CT genotype in IL1B rs1143634 polymorphism associated with 2.33 times elevated risk of autism and showed a significant association compared to wild-type CC genotype (p = 0.02). IL1B rs1143634 polymorphism presented a significantly elevated risk for the development of ASD with recessive model (CC+CT vs.TT), TT genotype (OR = 8.145, p = 0.02). Conclusion This study concludes that rs1143634 is associated with the risk of ASD in Turkish children. Determining these polymorphisms in a larger sample group may contribute to understanding the etiology of ASD and developing new treatment protocols. Abbreviations ASD: Autism spectrum disorder; DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid; IL6: Interleukin 6; IL1B: Interleukin 1 beta; Real-time PCR: Real-time polymerase chain reaction; JAK-STAT: The Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription; MAPK: The mitogen-activated protein kinase; 5ʹUTR: The 5′ untranslated region; IL1α: Interleukin 1 alpha; IL-1Ra: Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist; NF-κB: Nuclear factor-kappa B; DSM-V: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; M-CHAT: Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers; EDTA: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; gDNA: Genomic DNA; HWE: Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium; ANK2: Ankyrin 2; NL3: Neuroligin-3; XRCC4: X-ray repair cross complementing 4

Associations of IL-1β and IL-6 gene polymorphisms with Parkinson's disease.

The aim of this study was to explore the associations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 gene polymorphisms with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. A total of 200 patients with Parkinson's disease in our hospital were collected as the disease group. Meanwhile, 200 healthy subjects were taken as the control group. Peripheral blood samples were drawn from all research subjects. The polymorphic regions of IL-1β and IL-6 were amplified via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Moreover, the polymorphisms were detected and analyzed, followed by further analysis based on the changes in gene expressions and Hoehn-Yahr grade of patients. The allele distributions at IL-1β rs571556428 (p=0.015) and IL-6 rs543214973 (p=0.012) were statistically different between control group and disease group. In disease group, the G allele frequency at IL-1β rs571556428 and T allele frequency at IL-6 rs543214973 were significantly higher (p<0.05). Genotype distributions at IL-1β rs572292175 (p=0.017) and rs571556428 (p=0.000), and IL-6 rs543214973 (p=0.002) in disease group were also different from those in control group. In addition, the frequencies of CT genotype at IL-1β rs572292175, AA genotype at IL-1β rs571556428 and AA genotype at IL-6 rs543214973 in disease group were significantly lower (p<0.05). After modeling and analysis, it was found that the distribution of recessive model at IL-1β rs571556428 (p=0.012) and IL-6 rs543214973 (p=0.014) in disease group exhibited significant differences from those in control group. The frequencies of TA haplotype at IL-1β rs572292175 and rs571556428 (p=0.038) and GA haplotype at IL-6 rs1474348 and rs543214973 (p=0.047) in disease group were lower than those in control group (p<0.05). The polymorphisms at IL-1β rs571556428 and IL-6 rs1474348 were significantly associated with gene expression (p<0.05). Moreover, the expressions of IL-1β and IL-6 rose significantly in patients with GG genotype at rs571556428 and CG genotype at rs1474348, respectively (p<0.05). Furthermore, the polymorphism at IL-1β rs571556428 was significantly correlated with the grade of Parkinson's disease (p=0.000). Parkinson's disease was in a higher grade (grade 4-5) in patients with AA genotype, whereas in a lower grade (grade 1-2) in patients with GG and AG genotypes. IL-1β and IL-6 gene polymorphisms are significantly associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.

Polymorphism of Interleukins and Tumor Necrosis Factor a Genes in Multiple Myeloma Patients with Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Aim. To assess polymorphism value of interleukins (IL6, IL1B, IL10) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF) genes in multiple myeloma (MM) patients who received autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT). Materials &amp; Methods. The study enrolled 37 MM patients (15 men and 22 women) aged 38-66 years (mean age 54.5 ± 6.4 years), who received auto-HSCT. After transplantation, partial (PR), very good partial (VGPR), and complete (CR) responses were reported in 11, 7, and 19 patients, respectively. In 23 (62.2 %) patients CD34+ cell collection on the day of the first leukocytapheresis session exceeded the suboptimal level of 2.5 &lt;sup&gt;x&lt;/sup&gt; 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;/kg. The control group included 236 healthy subjects. Genotyping by PCR with subsequent analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism of amplified products was performed. To identify between-group differences in genotype distribution, Fisher's exact test with measurements of odds ratio (OR) and р-value was used. Results. The study group of patients was distinguished from the control group by more than twofold increased proportion of homozygous IL1B -31C (OR 2.7; p = 0.029). The proportion of heterozygous -174G/C allelic variant of IL6 gene in the subgroup of patients with CR after auto-HSCT was considerably higher than in patients with VGPR and PR (OR 5.6; p = 0.022). In the subgroup of patients with CD34+ cell collection &gt; 2.5 x 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;/kg the proportion of those with IL10 -592C/C genotype was twice as high as in patients with lower CD34+ cell collection (OR 3.9; p = 0.091). Conclusion. The present study confirms the relationship of -31C/T polymorphism in IL1B gene in homozygous state with higher MM risk. It proved the association of -174G/C polymorphism in IL6 gene and -592C/A polymorphism in IL10 gene with the chosen criteria for auto-HSCT efficacy. To precisely clarify the value of variants in the above genes for predicting chemotherapy effect in MM, further studies involving more patients are required.

Association between IL-4 gene polymorphisms and IL-4 serum levels in patients with allergic rhinitis

Association between IL-4 gene polymorphisms and IL-4 serum levels in patients with allergic rhinitis

Association Between Promoter Polymorphisms of IL-1B, IL-4 and IL-6 Genes and a Viral Load Infected Women with Human Papillomavirus.

Background:The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between IL-4 -589C>T, IL-6 -174G>C, IL-1β -31T>C and IL-1β -511C>T genes polymorphism with high concentrations of human papillomavirus (HPV), and the influence of gene-gene interactions on persistent human papillomavirus infection.Methods:In this study, 101 infected women with high HPV viral load and 93 healthy women were involved in a case-control study. Genotyping of SNPs for IL-4 -589C>T, IL-6 -174G>C, IL-1β -31T>C and IL-1β -511C>T genes was carried out by allele-specific PCR. Quantitative analysis of HPV-DNA was performed by Amplisens HPV HCR genotype-titer software. Gene-gene interactions were analyzed using multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) algorithm. Haplotype interactions were analyzed by HaploView 4.2 tool.Results:The study of single individual SNPs in promoters of IL-4 -589C>T, IL-6 -174G>C and IL-1β -31T>C genes did not reveal statistically significant difference in genotypes and allele frequencies among women with high HPV viral load and control group. The frequency of -511T allele and TT genotype of the IL-1β gene in case group was significantly higher than the one in control group (OR=1.71, p=0.012 and OR=2.02, p=0.046, respectively). Haplotype analysis revealed that -511C/-31T haplotype for IL-1β gene is significantly less common among women with high HPV viral load (p=0.018).Conclusion:The haplotype -511C/-31T for IL-1β gene is associated with a protective effect against increasing HPV viral load. The frequencies of -511T allele and -511TT genotype of the IL-1β -511C>T were significantly higher among women with HPV in comparison to control group.

Contribution of IL12A, IL12B, IL13 and IL12RB2 gene polymorphisms to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the ethnic group of tatars

Contribution of IL12A, IL12B, IL13 and IL12RB2 gene polymorphisms to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the ethnic group of tatars

ЦИТОКИНОВЫЙ СТАТУС ЖЕНЩИН С ПОСТМЕНОПАУЗАЛЬНЫМ ОСТЕОПОРОЗОМ В ДИНАМИКЕ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ АЛЕНДРОНАТОМ

The aim of work was to study blood serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukins (IL) -1β, -6, -10, -17A, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) in dynamics of alendronic acid-based treatment in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis with. 136 women with postmeno- pausal osteoporosis were examined in dynamics of treatment with alendronate. Treatment duration was 12 months. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, OPG and RANKL serum concentrations were studied in all patients before and after treatment. Molecular genetic studies included real-time PCR testing of ESR1 gene rs2234693 polymorphisms and IL-6 gene rs1800795 one. Women with postmenopausal osteoporosis had increased serum IL-1β and IL-6 concentra- tions before and after therapy (p&lt;0.05), as well as RANKL before treatment (p=0.033). The dynamics of OPG content (p=0.013), as well as OPG/RANKL index (p=0.010) decrease was noted during the therapy course. TT genotype of rs2234693 polymorphism of ESR1 gene in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis is associated with increased RANKL production and decreased OPG/RANKL ratio both before and after treatment (p&lt;0.05). Women with GG geno- type of rs1800795 polymorphism of IL-6 gene are characterized by consistently increased levels of IL-6 (before and after treatment), as well as IL-17A before starting therapy (p&lt;0.05). It is reasonable to use the obtained results for development of postmenopausal osteoporosis personalized treatment regimens development.

Relationship of IL-6 gene polymorphisms and IL-6 expression level with the burn-induced sepsis susceptibility in Al Diwaniyah

Relationship of IL-6 gene polymorphisms and IL-6 expression level with the burn-induced sepsis susceptibility in Al Diwaniyah

Effect of porcine IL-6 polymorphism on litter size traits in commercial pig breeds

This study aimed to verify the polymorphisms in the porcine IL-6 gene and to elucidate its effects on litter size traits in Large White and Landrace sows. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the porcine IL-6 gene (g.91506415A&gt;G, g.91507983A&gt;G, g.91508173C&gt;T, and g.91508716C&gt;T) were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. There was no polymorphism observed on the three SNPs (g.91506415A&gt;G, g.91507983A&gt;G, and g.91508716C&gt;T) of the porcine IL-6 gene. The porcine IL-6 g.91508173C&gt;T polymorphism was found to be segregating in Large White and Landrace sows. The porcine IL-6 g.91508173C&gt;T polymorphism was significantly associated with the total number born (TNB) and the number of piglets weaned alive (NWA) traits in Large White sows (P&lt;0.05). Moreover, the porcine IL-6 g.91508173C&gt;T polymorphism was significantly associated with the TNB, number born alive (NBA), and NWA traits in Landrace sows (P&lt;0.05). These results indicated that the porcine IL-6 g.91508173C&gt;T polymorphism was associated with litter size traits. These findings confirmed the importance of the IL-6 gene as a candidate gene for litter size traits in pigs.

Association of interleukin-17 gene polymorphisms with the onset of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder where multiple cytokines including IL-17A and IL-17F produced by T helper cell 17 (Th17), contribute to its pathogenesis. By initiating inflammatory responses in joints Th17 act as pathogenic driver leading to bone and cartilage destruction in RA patients. Hence, the planned study was aimed to estimate IL-17 gene polymorphism association with RA susceptibility in Pakistani population. The present study included 100 subjects (50 RA patients and 50 healthy controls). Blood samples were taken and DNA was isolated for genotyping purpose. Chi square and Logistic regression analysis was performed to check the association of selected SNPs with RA. For rs2397084 and rs763780 polymorphism T allele acted as significant risk factor as compared to the reference C allele. TT vs. CC comparison in rs2397084 showed that T allele is a risk factor (OR 5.538; 95%Cl 1.757–17.458) in RA susceptibility. In case of rs763780 heterozygous CT (OR 10.80; 95% Cl 3.736–31.218) and homozygous mutant TT (OR 7.50; 95% Cl 2.360–23.831) genotypes proved to be a potential risk for RA patients. The significant differences in allelic and genotypic frequencies were observed for both SNPs. While for rs2275913 significantly varied frequency was observed only for dominant model of inheritance and non significant differences were seen at allelic level. Variation at all these three polymorphic sites substituted mutant amino acids leading to further functional changes in protein structure. Three polymorphic sites rs2275913, rs763780 and rs2397084 positioned on IL-17 gene were significantly strong factors in RA incidence among Pakistani population as they alter normal function of inflammatory cytokine IL-17.

Association of IL-17 and IL-23 Gene Variants with Plasma Levels and Risk of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in a Chinese Han Population.

BackgroundVulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common vaginal inflammatory disease in females. The interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17 axis was involved in vaginal inflammation. Nevertheless, the relationship between gene polymorphisms in the IL-23/IL-17 axis and VVC risk is still unexplored.MethodsWe enrolled 217 VCC cases and 326 controls in this study. The genotyping of all polymorphisms was implemented by PCR-RFLP methods.ResultsData indicated that IL-17F gene rs763780, IL-17A gene rs2275913, and IL-23R rs11209026 polymorphisms were linked with an elevated risk of VVC in Chinese ethnicity. Subgroup analyses uncovered that IL-23R rs11209026, IL-17A rs10484879 and IL-17F rs763780 polymorphisms increased the risk of VVC among smokers or individuals with BMI ≥25 kg/m2. Additionally, IL-17F rs763780 polymorphism was shown to increase the risk of recurrent VVC (RVVC). Furthermore, IL-23 and IL-17 serum levels were higher among VVC cases than controls. We also observed that IL-23 and IL-17 gene polymorphisms were related to their serum levels. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis found that IL-17 and IL-23 serum levels were associated with the relapse of VVC.ConclusionIn conclusion, this study indicates that polymorphisms in the IL-23/IL-17 axis increase the risk of VVC.

Role of IL13 genetic polymorphism in the development of bronchial asthma in children

Bronchial asthma is a multifactorial disease, with both environmental factors and genetic predisposal affecting its development. A number of gene associations have been obtained between polymorphisms of cytokine genes produced by different types of immune cells and asthma development. Interleukin-13 is involved in allergic inflammation, increased bronchial hypersensitivity, regulation of eosinophil levels and IgE production by B cells, thus making it promising for studying IL13 gene polymorphisms in bronchial asthma coupled to development of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate possible association between asthma and IL13 rs1800925 polymorphism in the children of Caucasian origin in Eastern Siberia. Four groups of patients with asthma were examined (mean age 12.8±1.2 years): with a controlled (n = 95) and uncontrolled course (n = 107), with severe (n = 71) and moderate severity (n = 131) diseases. The control group consisted of healthy individuals: children (n = 33) and adults (n = 102). DNA was isolated with sorbent method; genotyping was carried out using RT-PCR using specific oligonucleotide primers and fluorescent TaqMan probes. The allele and genotype frequencies were compared by the χ-square test using an online calculator. The odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was performed to link genetic markers with pathological phenotypes. The CT IL13 rs1800925 genotype was shown to be associated with moderate asthma and cases of uncontrollable clinical course, whereas the TT genotype was associated with severe asthma. Thus, rs1800925 polymorphism of IL13 gene (the T* variant is known to be associated with increased IL-13 expression) may be associated with bronchial asthma in children. Our data are consistent with results of other authors. E.g., Liu Z. et al. revealed an association between rs1800925 IL13 and the risk of developing asthma in children, with CT and TT genotypes being more common in the patient group. Radhakrishnan A. et al., was studied rs1800925 IL13 in adult population of Malaysia and found that the T* allele frequency in the group of patients significantly exceeds the frequency of this allele in the control group. Thus, the results of our study showed that IL13 rs1800925 polymorphism is associated with bronchial asthma in children, especially, with level of its control and severity of the disease.

Anti-IL-6 receptor antibody treatment for severe COVID-19 and the potential implication of IL-6 gene polymorphisms in novel coronavirus pneumonia

Anti-IL-6 receptor antibody treatment for severe COVID-19 and the potential implication of IL-6 gene polymorphisms in novel coronavirus pneumonia

Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 Gene Polymorphisms in Children With Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome.

Background: Idiopathic Nephrotic syndrome (INS) is an immune-mediated disease in which a number of cytokines, including IL-4 and IL-13, have been implicated in the pathogenesis. Cytokine gene polymorphisms might affect their levels and activity. Therefore, may affect INS susceptibility and response to treatment. The aim of the study was to determine the association of IL-4 and IL-13 gene polymorphisms and INS susceptibility and their effects on steroid responsiveness in children.Methods: The polymorphisms in IL-4 and IL-13 genes were detected by PCR-RFLP in 155 INS patients and 64 controls.Results: A total of 132 steroid-sensitive (SS) and 23 steroid resistance (SR) INS patients; mean age 7.3 ± 4.0 years, were included. Male: Female ratio was 2:1. No significant statistical differences were detected in the frequency of CC, CT, and TT genotypes of IL-4 gene compared to controls (P = 0.57, 0.61, and 1.00, respectively). There was no significant difference in the T and C-allele frequencies, in SS and SR subgroups. Analysis of IL-13 gene polymorphism also did not show significant statistical differences in the frequency of QQ, RQ, and RR genotypes compared to controls (P = 0.74, 1.00, and 0.68, respectively). No significant difference was found in the Q and R-allele frequency. However, the heterozygous RQ genotype of the IL13 gene was significantly higher in SS INS patients compared to the SR INS cases (P = 0.04).Conclusion: Our findings did not show an association between IL-4 and IL-13 gene polymorphisms and INS susceptibility. However, IL-13 RQ genotype was expressed more in children with INS who are steroid sensitive.