IL-10 Gene Polymorphisms Research Articles

The association between IL-17 gene variants and risk of colorectal cancer in a Chinese population: A case-control study.

Interleukin (IL)-17 have been reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Few studies investigated the association between IL-17 gene polymorphisms and risk of CRC with inconsistent findings. Thus, we recruited 352 CRC cases and 433 controls in a Chinese population and their genotyping was done using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Our data showed that IL-17A rs2275913 polymorphism was associated with the increased risk of CRC, while no association was observed for IL-17F rs763780 polymorphism. Stratified analyses revealed that the significant association was also obtained in the females, smokers, drinkers and age ≥ 60 years groups for rs2275913 polymorphism. Moreover, the CC and/or GC genotype of rs2275913 polymorphism were correlated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. No association was shown between IL-17F rs763780 polymorphism and clinical characteristics of CRC. In conclusion, our data indicate that IL-17A rs2275913 polymorphism but not IL-17F rs763780 polymorphism contributes to increased risk for CRC patients in this Chinese population.

Association between ADRB2, IL33, and IL2RB gene polymorphisms and lung cancer risk in a Chinese Han population

PurposeThis study aimed to explore the associations between polymorphisms of a very important pharmacogene, ADRB2, two inflammation-related genes, IL33 and IL2RB, and the risk of lung cancer. MethodsSix polymorphisms of ADRB2, IL33, and IL2RB were genotyped in 300 lung cancer patients and 300 healthy controls using MassARRAY. The relationship between genotypes and lung cancer risk was evaluated using chi-square tests. ResultsThe minor allele of rs1042711 was a risk allele for lung cancer, whereas the minor alleles of rs7025417 and rs5756523 had protective effects against lung cancer (p＜0.05). The CT genotype of rs1042711 and the GT genotype of rs1560642 were associated with increased risk of lung cancer, whereas the CC and AA genotypes of rs7025417 and the CT and CC genotypes of rs5756523 were associated with decreased disease risk (p < 0.05). Genetic model analysis shows that rs1042711 and rs1560642 were associated with increased risk of lung cancer; whereas rs7025417, rs5756523, and rs2284033 were associated with decreased disease risk (p < 0.05). Stratification analysis showed that rs1042711 and rs1560642 were associated with increased risk of lung cancer in nonsmokers and smokers, respectively, whereas rs7025417 and rs5756523 were associated with decreased disease risk in both subgroups (p＜0.05). ConclusionOur results shed new light on the association between polymorphisms of ADRB2, IL33, and IL2RB and the risk of lung cancer.

IL-1RN VNTR, IL-2(-330), and IL-4 VNTR gene polymorphisms in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with sinonasal polyposis

Background/aimSinonasal polyposis is a complex chronic disease displaying contributions from multiple genetic and environmental factors. In this study, we analyzed possible genetic factors that increase susceptibility to this widespread inflammatory disease.Materials and methodsA total of 176 adult patients, including 78 patients with sinonasal polyposis and 98 healthy controls, were analyzed for IL-1RN VNTR, IL-2(-330), and IL-4 VNTR gene polymorphisms using polymerase chain reaction and enzyme restriction.ResultsIL-1RN and IL-4 VNTR polymorphisms were notably associated with sinonasal polyposis (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.036, respectively); however, regarding the IL-2(-330) gene polymorphism, no significant difference was shown between the patient and control groups (P = 0.235).ConclusionsOur study indicates that the RN2 allele of IL-1RN and the RP1 allele of IL-4 might be risk factors for developing sinonasal polyposis.

IL-1β and IL-10 gene polymorphisms in women with gestational diabetes

Aims Gestational diabetes (GDM) is carbohydrate intolerance occurring in pregnant women. In the GDM pathogenesis, the low-grade inflammation plays a significant role. Various inflammatory mediators are considered to be risk factors leading to GDM development including cytokines. Studies suggest that some cytokines such as: IL-1β and IL-10 play an important role in GDM pathogenesis. The aim of the study was to examine the associations between IL-1β rs16944, and IL-10 rs1800872 gene polymorphisms and GDM. Methods This study included 204 pregnant women with GDM and 207 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance. The diagnosis of GDM was based on a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test administered at 24–28 weeks’ gestation. Among the pregnant women with GDM, 152 (75%) were treated with diet control alone throughout the pregnancy, whereas the remaining 52 (25%) were treated with diet control and insulin until delivery. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of IL-1β rs16944 and IL-10 rs1800872 between GDM and healthy women. However among women treated with insulin, we observed the increased frequency of IL-1β rs16944 AA genotype carriers. Additionally, we observed increased daily insulin requirement in women with IL-1β rs16944 AA genotype. Moreover, women with IL-10 rs1800872 AA genotype had higher body mass and BMI before pregnancy as well as higher body mass and BMI increase during pregnancy. Conclusions The results of our study suggest the association between IL-1β rs16944 AA genotype and increased frequency of the need of insulin treatment as well as increased daily insulin requirement.

Relationship between the IL-10 (−1082 A/G) polymorphism and the risk of immune/idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: A meta-analysis

BackgroundThe association of the IL-10 gene polymorphism with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP, also called idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura) susceptibility has been investigated in several studies; however, the association remains controversial. The present meta-analysis aimed to determine whether the IL-10 (−1082) polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of ITP. Materials and methodsEligible articles were searched in EMBASE, PubMed, CNKI, WanFang, and HuGE Navigator, without any restriction of publication language. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to identify any potential associations between the IL-10 (−1082 A/G) polymorphism and the risk of ITP. ResultsThis meta-analysis included six eligible studies with 384 cases and 409 controls. There was no significant association between the IL-10 (−1082) polymorphism and the risk of ITP in any of the genetic models. Three subgroups were stratified according to population ethnicity, disease subtype (acute or chronic), and age (child or adult). No statistically significant differences were observed in age and ethnicity between cases and controls. However, subtype analysis indicated significant associations for acute ITP in the allele model (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = [1.07; 2,89]), the recessive model (OR = 2.66, 95% CI = [1.17; 6.07]), and the homozygote model (OR = 2.65, 95% CI = [1.07; 6.55]). ConclusionsThere is scarce evidence to confirm an association between the IL-10 (−1082) polymorphism and the risk of ITP. However, the IL-10 (−1082) polymorphism might be associated with the risk of acute ITP. Additional large, well-designed epidemiological studies should be performed to draw definitive conclusions.

496 STAT3 polymorphisms and IL-6 polymorphism are associated with the risk of basal cell carcinoma in patients from northern Poland

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) environment consists of stromal and inflammatory cells which produce variety of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors that may affect the tumor behavior. One of the cytokines suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of BCC is IL-6 - the upstream element of IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway. In the present study rs1800795 (-174 G/C) IL-6 gene polymorphism and STAT3 rs2293152 (intron 11, C/G) and rs4796793 (–1697, C/G) polymorphisms were assessed in relation to the BCC risk and clinical course. Additionally, IL-6 serum level was assessed in relation to IL-6 genotype and clinical variables. The study included 254 unrelated BCC patients (mean age 70.39±11.43) and 198 healthy, unrelated age- and sex-matched volunteers. We have found that the presence of C allele in rs1800795 IL-6 gene polymorphism was associated with increased risk of BCC (aOR: 1.86; 95% CI=1.22-2.84; p=0.004). The presence of CC genotype in STAT3 rs2293152 polymorphism was associated with increased BCC risk in recessive model analysis (aOR=3.94; 95% CI: 1.59-9.77; p=0.003). In contrast, the presence of GC genotype in overdominant model was associated with decreased risk of BCC (aOR=0.24; 95% CI:0.12-0.49; p<0.0001). The presence of C allele in STAT3 rs2293152 polymorphism was associated with increased risk of BCC (aOR: 1.31; 95% CI:1.01-1.69; p=0.04). The presence of GG genotype in STAT3 rs4796793 polymorphism was associated with increased BCC risk in recessive model analysis (aOR=3.66; 95% CI:1.33-10.10; p=0.012). The presence of G allele in STAT3 rs4796793 polymorphism was associated with increased risk of BCC (aOR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.01-2.49; p=0.04). IL-6 serum level positively correlated with the tumor size.

Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in TNFA and CCR5 genes with Japanese Encephalitis: A study from an endemic region of North India

TNFA, IL1B, HMGB1, IL10, CXCL8, CCL2 and CCR5 gene polymorphisms were investigated in 183 Japanese Encephalitis (JE) cases and 361 healthy controls from North India. Higher frequency of TNFA rs1800629 G/A, CCR5 rs1799987 genotypes with A allele and lower frequency of combination lacking TNFA rs1800629 A, CCR5 rs333 Δ32, andCCR5 rs1799987 A alleles and CCL2 rs1024611 G/G genotype was observed in JE cases. TNFA rs1800629 A and CCR5 rs1799987 A alleles were associated with susceptibility while combination lacking TNFA rs1800629 A, CCR5 rs333 Δ32, and rs1799987 A alleles and CCL2 rs1024611 G/G genotype was associated with protection to JE.

IL18 gene polymorphism and its influence on CD4+ T-cell recovery in HIV-positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy

BackgroundPyroptosis has been reported to be critical in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pathogenesis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) progression. Even after achieving viral suppression to undetectable levels during antiretroviral therapy (ART), exacerbated CD4+ T-cell death by pyroptosis has been suggested as one of the main causes of immunological non-response. Thus, variants in genes of pyroptosis pathway were studied in individuals with poor CD4+ T-cell reconstitution under antiretroviral therapy against HIV-1. Methods248 virologically suppressed ART-treated patients, 126 immunological non-responders (INR) and 122 immunological responders (IR) were recruited. Genotyping was performed using TaqMan probe-based realtime PCR platform. Genotype-guided flow cytometry analysis with general and recent thymic emigrant (RTE) CD4+ T-cells in pyroptosis was performed based on associated polymorphisms. ResultsBoth IL18 rs187238 G allele and GG genotype were associated as protection factors against poor CD4+ T-cell recovery (OR = 0.22; 95%CI = 0.50–0.77; P = .010 and OR = 0.58; 95%CI = 0.36–0.93; P = .022, respectively). It was demonstrated a statistical association between IL18 rs187238 genotypes of ART-treated patients and death by Caspase-1 levels (P = .020). The GG genotype showed lower pyroptotic RTE CD4+ T-lymphocytes levels in the ART-treated groups comparing with CC (P = .029) and CG (P = .018) genotypes, suggesting that the G allele presence may be related to a lower IL-18 production and thus reduced dead CD4+ T-cells levels by Caspase-1. ConclusionWe observed that IL18 G variant allele and genotype were associated with a better immunological response, which may influence on immunological recovery of HIV-positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy, and low Caspase-1 activity levels was observed on GG genotype when compared CC genotypes.

Prevalence of polymorphism (-174 G / C) of IL-6 gene in patients with acute brucellosis and hepatobiliary system damage

Prevalence of polymorphism (-174 G / C) of IL-6 gene in patients with acute brucellosis and hepatobiliary system damage

STAT3 polymorphisms and IL-6 polymorphism are associated with the risk of basal cell carcinoma in patients from northern Poland

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) environment consists of stromal and inflammatory cells which produce variety of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors that may affect tumor behavior. One of the cytokines suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of BCC is IL-6, which is the upstream element of IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway. The correlation between polymorphisms of the genes related to this pathway and cancer risk/prognosis have been previously investigated in several neoplasia, but available data concerning BCC are scarce. In the present study, rs1800795 (-174 G/C) IL-6 gene polymorphism and two polymorphisms in the STAT3 gene, namely rs2293152 (intron 11, C/G) and rs4796793 (-1697, C/G) were assessed in relation to the BCC risk and clinical course. Additionally, IL-6 serum level was assessed in relation to IL-6 genotype and clinical variables. The study included 254 unrelated patients with BCC and of mean age 70.39 ± 11.43 (69.83 ± 12.32 women, 71.03 ± 10.31 men) and 198 healthy, unrelated age- and sex-matched volunteers. IL-6 and STAT3 polymorphisms were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (SSP-PCR). Serum concentration of IL-6 was measured using the ELISA test. We have found that the presence of C allele in rs1800795 IL-6 gene polymorphism was associated with increased risk of BCC (aOR 1.86; 95% CI 1.22–2.84; p = 0.004). The presence of CC genotype in STAT3 rs2293152 polymorphism was associated with increased BCC risk in recessive model analysis (aOR 3.94; 95% CI 1.59–9.77; p = 0.003). In contrast, the presence of GC genotype in overdominant model was associated with decreased risk of BCC (aOR = 0.24; 95% CI 0.12–0.49; p < 0.0001). The presence of C allele in STAT3 rs2293152 polymorphism was associated with increased risk of BCC (aOR 1.31; 95% CI 1.01–1.69; p = 0.04). The presence of GG genotype in STAT3 rs4796793 polymorphism was associated with increased BCC risk in recessive model analysis (aOR 3.66; 95% CI 1.33–10.10; p = 0.012). The presence of G allele in STAT3 rs4796793 polymorphism was associated with increased risk of BCC (aOR 1.59; 95% CI 1.01–2.49; p = 0.04). IL-6 serum level positively correlated with the tumor size.

IL-18 polymorphisms (-137C/G and -607A/C) are not associated with tuberculosis

Many studies have demonstrated that (IL-18) polymorphisms (including -137C/G and -607A/C) are correlated with the risk of tuberculosis. However, the meaning of this finding remains a matter of debate. In this study, electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar and CNKI, were systemically queried to identify relevant studies. Subsequently, odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were analysed. Our data indicated that the IL-18 -137C/G polymorphism was not related to tuberculosis susceptibility (GG vs. AA odds ratio = 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.43–1.17; GA vs. AA: odds ratio =0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.57–1.13; dominant model: odds ratio = 0.78, 95% confidence interval 0.56–1.08; recessive model: odds ratio = 0.76, 95% confidence interval 0.46–1.25). Similarly, there was no association between the IL-18 -607A/C polymorphism and tuberculosis susceptibility (AA vs. CC: odds ratio = 1.25, 95% confidence interval 0.87–1.79; CA vs. CC: odds ratio = 1.10, 95% confidence interval 0.93–1.29; dominant model: odds ratio = 1.13, 95% confidence interval 0.90–1.41; recessive model: odds ratios=1.17, 95% confidence interval 0.90–1.53). No association was found in the subgroup analysis based on the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. In addition, there was no publication bias. The two IL-18 gene polymorphisms (-137C/G and -607A/C) were not markedly correlated with tuberculosis susceptibility. Well-designed studies with more subjects will be required for further validation of these results.

Genetic markers of atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertension in combination with non-cardiac diseases

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Letter to the editor:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The world medical community has categorised atrial fibrillation (AF) as one of the three cardiovascular ‘epidemics of the 21st century’, along with chronic heart failure and diabetes mellitus [1]. In recent years, the prevalence of AF has increasing steadily. However, the exact cause for the increase in the incidence of AF&lt;br /&gt;cannot be explained only by the increase in life expectancy, prevalence of cardiac valve disease or prevalence of myocardial infarction [2].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Although AF occurs in individuals with various manifestations of coronary heart disease, it is increasingly being diagnosed in patients with arterial hypertension without coronary heart disease [3]. AF causes serious cardiovascular complications; thus, a deep understanding of its pathogenetic aspects and a comprehensive study that considers comorbid pathologies for identifying the predictors of the development and progression of AF are required [4].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hereditary factors can play a significant role in the development of AF and hypertension; consequently, the worldwide practice of scientific research in basic medicine pays significant attention to the molecular genetics methods of analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study aimed to evaluate the genetic determinants in patients with hypertension with AF progression accompanied by various extra-cardiac comorbid pathologies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This prospective cohort study included 167 patients with a paroxysmal and persistent form of AF and stage III hypertonic disease without coronary heart disease. The average age of the patients was 53.3 ± 7.1 years. DNA isolation from blood leucocytes was performed using phenol–chloroform extraction. The rs1378942 polymorphism of the CSK gene, the rs220073 polymorphism and the -174G/C polymorphism (rs1800795) of the IL6 gene were assessed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The statistical hypotheses were considered significant at a critical level of p = 0.05, i.e.&lt;br /&gt;the difference was considered statistically significant at p &amp;lt; 0.05. The lower limit of evidentiary power was equal to 80%.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study reported associations between the rs1378942 polymorphism of the CSK gene, the rs1800795 polymorphism of the IL6 gene and the rs220073 polymorphism and the progression of AF in combination with the following associated diseases: hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypothyroidism, type 2 diabetes mellitus and abdominal obesity. The relative risk of the progression of AF in carriers of the allele C was 1.94 times higher than that in carriers of the allele A [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.21–3.09]. Carriage of the AA genotype was conditionally protective against the progression of AF (relative risk, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.21–0.80; p = 0.010).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Associations of the rs1378942 and rs1800795 polymorphisms with the risk of recurrence of AF in combination with certain diseases were also found. In addition, associations were identified between rs1378942 and glomerular filtration rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, left atrial wall thickness and glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglyceride and creatinine levels; between rs220073 and levels of triglycerides, atherogenic index, creatinine, fibrinogen and the number of months before the development of relapse and between rs1800795 and HDL cholesterol, creatinine and galectin-3 levels and diastolic blood pressure.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The secondary form of AF as a multi-factorial disease develops under the influence of many factors of both the external environment and hereditary nature. The complexity of the etio-pathogenesis of the disease makes it extremely difficult for researchers to identify the factors that play a leading role in the development of the pathological process. Currently, associative studies of AF with polymorphisms of &amp;gt;260 genes have been conducted, and genome-wide associative studies have been performed as well. The reproducibility of the results depends on several factors: age, sex, comorbidities, ethnicity, penetrance, expressiveness, pleiotropy, various epigenetic influences and many more.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Despite the limitations of the sample, our study adds to the data material already available that can serve in the prognostic assessment of the development and progression of AF. Further studies will allow the development of a personalised algorithm for predicting the progression of AF in hypertension combined&lt;br /&gt;with extra-cardiac diseases. In this regard, further larger studies are necessary that involve other institutions and a larger sample of patients, which will make it possible to predict the progression of AF with the definition of additional molecular criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of pathogenetic therapy and the possibilities of targeted treatment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Funding:&lt;/strong&gt; The study did not have sponsorship.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conflict of interest:&lt;/strong&gt; Authors declare no conflict of interest.&lt;/p&gt;

Association between interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 single nucleotide polymorphisms and multiple sclerosis among Iraqi patients.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative autoimmune disease, in which cytokines play a prominent role. Among these cytokines are interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10, which have been demonstrated to be involved in immunopathogenesis of the disease. The present case-control study inspected the association between seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL4 (IL4-1098: rs2243248, IL4-590: rs2243250, and IL4-33: rs2070874), IL4RA (IL4RA+1902: rs1801275), and IL10 (IL10-1082: rs1800896, IL10-819: rs1800871, and IL10-592: rs1800872) genes and MS in Iraqi patients. Sixty-eight clinically definite relapsing-remitting MS Iraqi patients and 158 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects were enrolled in the study. The SNPs were detected by the PCR-SSP (polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer) method. Results revealed that only IL4-1098, IL4-590, IL4-33, and IL10-592 SNP allele and/or genotype frequencies showed a significant variation between MS patients and control. At the haplotype level, the estimated frequency of TCC (IL4-1098-IL4-590-IL4-33) and GCC (IL10-1082-IL10-819-IL10-592) haplotypes was significantly increased in patients compared to control (TCC: 63.2 vs. 48.0%; odds ratio = 2.81; 95% confidence interval = 1.86-4.25; pc = 5.0 × 10-6; GCC 39.0 vs. 22.2%; odds ratio = 2.24; 95% confidence interval = 1.45-3.46; pc = 0.002). In conclusion, IL4 and IL10 genes harbor important SNPs that may confer MS susceptibility. In addition, their role in reducing the risk of disease is also suggested. However, the susceptibility of the investigated role can be better evaluated in terms of haplotype frequencies.

Correlations of IL-10 gene polymorphisms with infantile asthma.

Correlations of IL-10 gene polymorphisms with infantile asthma.

IL-18 Gene Polymorphisms Impacts on Its Serum Levels in Prostate Cancer Iraqi Patients

Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in men. A total of 110 Iraqi Arab individuals were included in this study; 60 individuals of them had prostate cancer with increased levels of TPSA (patients group); their age range 52-90 years. They were referred for diagnosis and treatment to the National Al-Amal Hospital for oncology in Baghdad during the period from July 2017 to October 2017. While the other 50 apparently healthy subjects were the control group, their age range similar to patients group. Sera and blood samples were collected from all patients and controls than used to assess for the level of IL-18 and DNA extraction, respectively. The polymorphisms were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-single specific primer (PCR-SSP), at the position -137 G\C (rs187238) in the promoter of IL18 gene. The genetic polymorphism of the IL18 gene promoter -137G/C (rs187238) was determined and presented with three genotypes (GG, GC, and CC) in prostate cancer patients and controls. Testing for Hardy-Weinberg (H-W) equilibrium revealed that Prostate cancer patients showed insignificant variation in the distribution of IL-18 -137 genotypes (P&gt; 0.05). While the control samples showed significant variation (p ≤0.05) between the observed and expected. Comparing patients with controls indicated that IL-18-137 alleles or genotypes showed no association with the risk of prostate cancer development in Iraqi Arab population or protection against them. Serum level of IL-18 was highly significant (P ≤ 0.001) increased in patients compared to control. The IL-18 serum levels differences in GG and GC genotypes was significant (p &lt;0.05) between patients and control. While there were no significant differences between the three IL-18 -137 genotypes inpatient or in controls.

The impact of IL-10 gene polymorphism 1082A/G (rs1800896) on increased IL-10 secretion in patients with chronic kidney disease in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Studies have indicated that interleukin-10 gene polymorphism at 1082A/G is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to determine Il-10 gene polymorphism in CKD patients and identify the risk factors and prevalence of the disease among Kurdish patients. It was also aimed at finding out the serum levels of IL-10 in different genotypes, AA, GA and GG. The study included 108 patients with CKD: 54 on hemodialysis (HD) and 54 renal-transplanted (RT) and 54 healthy subjects. The mean age for HD, RT and healthy subjects was respectively 46.1, 36.8 and 40.2. Half of the HD patients and healthy subjects (50%) were male and half were female, while 55.6% of the RT patients were male and 44.4% female. According to the allele frequency of both G and A, there was no significant difference between both groups of patients and the healthy subjects (P=0.42). The AG genotype was independently associated with increased risk of CKD undergoing HD and RT, while the GG genotype showed an increased risk for renal failure. The levels of serum IL-10 concentrations increased significantly in both groups of patients compared to the healthy subjects. Regarding the genotypes, the genotype AA had the highest concentration among the patients, while a high level was found in genotype GA in the healthy subjects. The lowest level of this cytokine was found in both genotypes GG and AA in the healthy subjects. The findings of the present study revealed that IL-10 gene polymorphism at 1082 A/G (rs1800896) and increased concentration of serum IL-10 were associated with increasing chronic kidney disease in the Iraqi Kurdish population.ResumenVarios estudios han indicado que el polimorfismo 1082A/G (rs1800896) del gen de IL-10 está asociado con la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). El propósito de este estudio fue determinar el polimorfismo del gen de la IL-10 en pacientes con ERC e identificar los factores de riesgo y prevalencia de la enfermedad entre pacientes Kurdos. También se determinaron las concentraciones séricas de IL-10 en los diferentes genotipos AA, GA y GG presentes. El estudio incluyó 108 pacientes con ERC: 54 en hemodiálisis (HD) y 54 con trasplante renal (TR) y en 54 sujetos sanos. Las edades promedio para los HD, TR y sujetos sanos fueron 46,1, 36,8 y 40,2 años, respectivamente. La mitad de los pacientes en HD y de los sujetos sanos eran hombres y la otra mitad eran mujeres, mientras que el 55,6% de los pacientes con TR eran hombres y 44,4 % eran mujeres. Considerando la frecuencia de los alelos G y A, no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos de pacientes y los sujetos sanos (p= 0,42). El genotipo AG se encontró independientemente asociado con un riesgo aumentado de pacientes con ERC bajo HD y TR, mientras que el genotipo GG mostró un riesgo mayor de falla renal. Las concentraciones séricas de IL-10 se encontraron aumentadas significativamente en ambos grupos de pacientes, comparadas con las de los sujetos sanos. En consideración a los genotipos, el genotipo AA tenía las más altas concentraciones entre los pacientes, mientras que se encontró un mayor nivel en el genotipo GA en los sujetos sanos. Las concentraciones más bajas de esta citocina se encontraron en los genotipos GG y AA de los sujetos sanos. Los hallazgos del presente estudio revelaron que el polimorfismo 1082A/G (rs1800896) del gen de la IL-10 y las concentraciones séricas aumentadas de IL-10 estaban asociadas con aumentos de la enfermedad renal crónica en la población Kurda de Iraq.

Detection of IL-10 gene polymorphisms in patients with ulcerative colitis in Northern Iran

Detection of IL-10 gene polymorphisms in patients with ulcerative colitis in Northern Iran

Interaction of polymorphism of the interleukin-6 gene with immunological damages and their role in the development of mixed cryoglobulinemia in patients with chronic hepatitis C

Aim. To determine the role of the relationship of immunological disorders with interleukin-6 gene polymorphism in the formation of HCV-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia. Materials and methods. The study included 149 patients with chronic hepatitis C. The polymorphism of the IL-6 gene (rs1800795) was determined by the method of polymerase chain reaction, the quantitative content of IL-6, RF IgM and IgG by enzyme immunoassay, cryoglobulins by spectrophotometric method. The patients were divided into groups depending on the polymorphism of the IL-6 gene and the presence of mixed cryoglobulinemia. Results. The frequency of formation of HCV-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia depended on the polymorphism of the IL-6 gene. In patients with chronic hepatitis C with mixed cryoglobulinemia, the frequency of registration of the CC genotype of the IL-6 gene was lower than in patients without mixed cryoglobulinemia, namely, in 9.7 % versus 28.6 % of patients. The presence of the G-allele, namely the CG/GG genotypes of the IL-6 gene polymorphism, was more often detected in patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia, namely, in 90.3 % of patients against 71.4 % of patients without signs of mixed cryoglobulinemia (χ 2 = 8.94, P = 0.003). In the presence of G-allele, the quantitative content of IL-6 inthe serum of the general group of patients with CHC was higher than in healthy people (P 0.05). The highest levels of IL-6 were recorded in patients with HCV-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia who had the G-allele. The content of IL-6 in the blood serum of these patients exceeded the indicators of both healthy people (P < 0.001) and the results of patients without mixed cryoglobulinemia (P < 0.01). In patients with chronic hepatitis C with mixed cryoglobulinemia, even in the presence of the CC genotype, the content of IL-6 in serum was higher both in comparison with healthy (P < 0.01) and in comparison with patients without signs of this extrahepatic manifestation (P < 0.01). In patients with chronic hepatitis C with mixed cryoglobulinemia, the presence of CG/GG genotypes was associated not only with the highest serum IL-6 content, but also with the presence of more pronounced autoimmune disorders due to a higher content of RF IgM (P = 0.04) and mixed cryoglobulins (P = 0.03) in serum, in comparison with patients who had the CC genotype. Moreover, the presence of more pronounced immune disorders in patients with HCV-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia in the presence of CG/GG genotypes was accompanied by more frequent manifestation of severe general weakness (P = 0.003), arthralgia (P = 0.02) and the formation of Meltzer’s triad. Conclusion. The frequency of detection of the G-allele, namely the CG/GG genotypes of the IL-6 gene polymorphism, is the highest in patients with HCV-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia (90.3 %). The presence of CG/GG genotypes in patients with chronic hepatitis C with mixed cryoglobulinemia contributes to more pronounced immunological disorders due to the highest content of IL-6, mixed cryoglobulins, and RF IgM in serum, which causes the manifestation of the clinical symptoms of this hepatic manifestation.

Association of the IL6 Gene Polymorphism with Component Features of Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Subjects.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Obesity is a component of the metabolic syndrome. Several genetic variants are reported to be associated with obesity and hypo adiponectinemia, including ars1800796 polymorphism of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene. Since obesity is associated with inflammatory factors, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between this polymorphism and MetS and its related features. Obese patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 (n = 182) were recruited into this study and divided into two groups; 110 patients with MetS, based on the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, and 72 subjects without MetS. The anthropometric and biochemical data for the groups were compared. Genotyping was carried out using RT-PCR. The association of the genetic polymorphism with MetS and its components were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyzes. There was an association between the presence of the rs1800796polymorphism of the IL-6 gene, with BMI (P = 0.031), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P = 0.010) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P = 0.037), while this genetic variant did not show any significant association with the presence of MetS as defined by the IDF. We demonstrate an association between the rs1800796 genetic variant of the IL-6 gene with components of MetS including BMI, and HDL-cholesterol, but not the MetS itself. Therefore, supporting further studies are warranted to investigate this point in a larger population.

Prevalence of polymorphism (-174 G / C) of IL-6 gene in patients with acute brucellosis and hepatobiliary system damage

Prevalence of polymorphism (-174 G / C) of IL-6 gene in patients with acute brucellosis and hepatobiliary system damage