Ikot Ekpene Research Articles

Population Growth and Urban Renewal Programmes in Uyo and Ikot Ekpene Local Government Areas of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Population Growth and Urban Renewal Programmes in Uyo and Ikot Ekpene Local Government Areas of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

An enhanced control solutions for efficient urban waste management using deep learning algorithms

This study focuses on developing an efficient urban waste management system using deep learning algorithms and Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The goal is to improve waste management in Ikot Ekpene municipality by enabling quick disposal responses to prevent environmental pollution. The researchers employed an Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) methodology to develop a software system that integrates mobile GIS techniques and IoT sensors to monitor and manage waste. The system was trained using a dataset of 510 images of six classes of waste-related scenarios, with an 84% training set and 16% validation set. The results showed that the garbage bin half-full class had the highest F1 score (above 80%) at a confidence score of 0.4, indicating accurate detection. The average F1 score for all classes was 0.45 at a confidence score of 0.238. The system’s API was designed using Python, supporting both web-based and Android-based applications. The integration of IoT sensors and mobile GIS techniques enables real-time monitoring and efficient waste management. This study demonstrates the potential of deep learning algorithms and IoT technology in improving waste management services, contributing to a cleaner and healthier environment. The system’s effectiveness in detecting waste levels and triggering timely disposal responses can help prevent environmental pollution and enhance the well-being of citizens.

Investigation of aquifer storage properties and groundwater contamination risk potential using an electrical resistivity technique: a sedimentary environment case study

ABSTRACT There are growing worries regarding sufficient supplies of safe water in Obot Akara and Ikot Ekpene Local Government Areas of Akwa Ibom State. Thus, this study aims to investigate aquifer storage properties and contamination risk potential using electrical resistivity techniques in the two counties. The counties are shown to comprise 3–4 lithological successions of sandy and gravelly layers with slight clay intercalations. Groundwater abstraction takes place in the third and fourth layers in the area at depths between 5.4 and 121.4 m. The results demonstrate that the aquifer's prolificacy requires a specific yield larger than 0.15 or a specific retention less than 0.15. 94% of the study region is revealed to have good groundwater potential for the sustainability of water boreholes. Furthermore, the results show that 87.5% of the study region has weak/poor protection while 12.5% has moderate protection against infiltrating contaminants. In terms of susceptibility potential rating, 21.9% of the area has a moderate rating while the remaining 78.1% has a low rating. The identified areas with weak/poor protection and moderate susceptibility are adjudged to have moderate/high groundwater contamination risk potential. These findings provide valuable guidelines for formulating sustainable groundwater utilization and management strategies in the area.

Evaluation of the Phytochemical and Elemental Composition of Andrographic paniculata Leaves

This research work was designed to determine the phytochemical and elemental composition of Andrographic paniculata leaves grown in Ikot Ekpene Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The analysis was carried out using standard procedures. The results of the phytochemical constituents were as follows: alkaloids (2.48 + 0.36%), saponins (9.56 + 0.77%), Flavonoids (4.57 + 0.07%), Tannins ((12.34 + 0.36%) and cardiac glycosides (0.39 + 0.01%). The results of the elemental composition were as follows: Magnesium (3.02 + 0.05mg/kg), calcium (5.57 + 0.07 mg/kg), potassium (20.70 + 0.11 mg/kg), sodium (1.58 + 0.61 mg/kg), Zinc (2.17 + 0.08 mg/kg), Copper (10.45 + 0.14 mg/kg) and Iron (12.50 + 0.21 mg/kg). The phytochemicals present in this plant may be responsible for its medicinal properties. The elemental composition shows that the plant may be rich in minerals.

Investigating the Impact of Senna alata Extract on Hematology and Histopathology of Juvenile of Clarias gariepinus

This paper sheds light on the mechanism of action, potential effects and implication of Senna alata on fish health and ecosystem. Senna alata is renowned for its medicinal properties and ornamental value but is also recognized for its potential toxicity, particularly to aquatic organisms Understanding the toxicity of Senna alata to Clarias gariepinus fingerlings is essential for sustainable aquaculture practices and environmental conservation efforts. 250 juveniles of C. gariepinus were procured from E. I farm Limited in Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State. Water quality tests were carried out to ensure that optimum water conditions were maintained and that the results obtained were solely due to the effects of the treatments (toxicants) on the fish samples. Chronic toxicity bioassay was done to determine the toxicity of the extract on the blood parameters and tissues of sensitive organs of the exposed fish. The bioassay was designed to be intermediate termed chronic test with 14 days exposure using sub-lethal concentrations of the treatment (0.0gm/, 0.18mg/L, 0.27mg/L. 0.4mg/L, 0.60mg/L, 0.90mg/L). Toxicology dose response (fish mortality) was subjected to detailed analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Senna alata exerted a toxic effect on the fish in the present study and toxicity increased with increased concentration. These findings underscore the potential adverse effects of prolonged exposure to Senna alata on the physiological and cellular integrity of the fish. Intriguingly, the absence of pathological changes in the control groups suggests a distinct response attributable to the treatment. This highlights the importance of continued monitoring and assessment of the impacts of Senna alata on aquatic organisms and ecosystem, emphasizing the need for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and potential long-term consequences.

POVERTY STATUS AND PRODUCTIVITY AMONG SMALLHOLDER RICE FARMERS IN IKOT EKPENE AGRICULTURAL ZONE, AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA

This study analyzed the Poverty status and productivity of smallholder rice farmers in Akwa Ibom State. The data were collected from 80 smallholder rice farmers in Ikot Ekpene Agricultural Zone of Akwa Ibom State. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, FGT poverty index, TFP index, and the ordinary least squares model. The findings indicated a high poverty incidence of 61.4% in the study area. The study further revealed that the total factor productivity estimates of the smallholder rice farmers peaked among the non-poor category with average TFP index of 3.3, but lesser in the poor category with an average TFP index of 2.3. Education (0.159), experience (0.023), farm size (2.779), quantity of seeds (0.263) and pests and diseases (0.818) significantly affected TFP of smallholder rice farmers in both categories. it is recommended that, financial and other credit facilities should be made accessible and affordable to the rice farmers in the study area to reduce poverty and increase productivity. Again, the productivity index was higher among the non-poor category than the poor and pooled category. As such various productivity parameters such as improved varieties, incentives and subsidies should be made available to the poor smallholder rice farmers so as to push them above the poverty line.

A Survey on the Diversity of Field Insect Pests of Okro (Abelmoschus Esculentus) within the Six Adp Zones in Akwaibom State

A survey was conducted to determine the diversity and abundance of insect pests associated with okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) across the six Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) zones in Akwa Ibom state namely; Uyo, Abak, Eket, Ikot ekpene, Etinan and Oron using multi – stage random sampling technique, swoop nets for flying insects, aspirators for collecting tiny insects, pair of forceps and hand picking for larvae and slow moving insects. A total of 634 insects were collected across the six zones and identified into 4 orders, 13 families and 15 species. The dominant order by specie was Hemiptera having (6/40%) followed by Lepidoptera (4/26.67%), Coleoptera (3/20%) and the least was Orthoptera having (2/13.33%) while dominant order by individuals was Coleoptera having 279/44.01%), followed by Hemiptera (244 /38.49%), Lepidoptera (68/10.73%) and the least was Orthoptera (43/6.78%). Dominant insect specie across the six zones was Flea beetle (Podagrica sp.) with total population of 185 followed by Aphids (Aphis gossypii - 98) and the least was Cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni – 7). Diversity index result showed that Eket zone had the highest no. of individuals (122) with the least no. of species (12) and least Shannon index value (H_ 2.11) followed by Oron zone with 112 individuals, no. species (13) and shannon index ( H_2.31). Uyo zone had the least no. of individuals (93), no. species (13) and Shannon index (H_2.21) while Ikot ekpene zone had the highest Shannon index value (H_2.34) and highest no. of species (14) with no. of individual (101). This study reveals that there is high diversity and abundance of insect species attacking okra in Akwa Ibom State hence drastic control measures is imperative for successful and profitable production of Okra.

Evaluating the Concentration of Pb, Hg, Co, V, As, Fe, Cu, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Zn and their Potential Sources in Soil from Two Abattoirs in Itu and Ikot Ekpene Local Government Areas of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Evaluating the Concentration of Pb, Hg, Co, V, As, Fe, Cu, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Zn and their Potential Sources in Soil from Two Abattoirs in Itu and Ikot Ekpene Local Government Areas of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Utilizing Geological and Geoelectrical methods in a GIS-based DRASTIC model of the Probable Groundwater Vulnerability in the Southern Nigerian Raffia Metropolis of Ikot Ekpene and its Surroundings

The city of Ikot Ekpene is facing a significant issue with groundwater contamination. This is due to the rising amount of home and industrial waste caused by the increasing human population and various business operations in the area. This study seeks to evaluate the susceptibility of groundwater in the metropolis of Ikot Ekpene and its surrounding areas in southern Nigeria. It will utilize integrated geoelectrical and geological approaches within the GIS-based DRASTIC model. A total of twenty vertical electrical soundings (VES) were conducted in the region using the Schlumberger array. Based on the geological drilling data, the interpretation of the VES data suggests that the area consists of 3-4 geoelectric layers. The lithological succession in the area exhibits a range of sediment types, including fine and coarse sand as well as gravelly sands. Additionally, there are localized occurrences of clay intercalations. The third geoelectric layer, located at a depth of 9.0–86.6 m, is the primary aquifer that can be utilized in the region. The DRASTIC model included seven environmental parameters, including depth to the water table, net recharge, aquifer medium, topography, impact of vadose zone, and hydraulic conductivity, with the purpose of conducting a vulnerability assessment. The assessment of groundwater vulnerability ratings (GVR) reveals that 75% of the research region is classified as high vulnerability, 20% as moderate vulnerability, and the remaining 5% as low vulnerability. The studied area is predominantly characterized by moderate to high Groundwater Vulnerability Rating (GVR), which is likely attributed to the generally gentle topography and the presence of highly permeable geomaterials in the upper levels of the water table.

Integrated assessment of pollution status of MSW sites: a case study of Uyo, Ikot Ekpene and Oron, Akwa Ibom State, southern Nigeria.

One of the main causes of contaminated groundwater in emerging nations is improper trash disposal in urban areas, which affects the level of groundwater contamination caused by contaminants of municipal solid waste (MSW) origin within the three local government headquarters in Akwa Ibom State, southeastern Nigeria. The main thrust of this research survey is to assess the level of groundwater contaminations and their consequences. The research used statistical data generated from the Electrical Resistivity Survey (ERS) in combination with hydrogeochemical investigations. Analysis of variance of resistivity between Uyo, Ikot Ekpene and Oron was carried out. The test result indicated significant difference in contamination among the three cities. This was followed by a t-test between each pair of dump and control sites in the three cities. The test results showed significant difference between each control and dumpsite. The results showed that leachate layer conductivity is always higher than that of the layer above it. All water samples from boreholes close to the dumpsites were identified by hydrogeochemical analysis to exhibit pH (3.70-4.15) lower than the permissible limit of the WHO; few water samples exhibit increased electrical conductivity (EC), cadmium and total dissolved solids (TDS). Similarly, the bacteriological analyses indicated a high level of microbial load due to the waste dump. Formations found in boreholes close to the dumpsite have litho-correlations which depict intercalations of comparatively impermeable and porous materials. The findings reveal that leachate (contaminate) travels slowly downward, allowing for physical, chemical and biological processes to filter out impurities before they get to the aquifer. It is recommended that no new water supply wells should be placed in areas of abnormally low resistivity and physicochemical and bacteriological parameters, until the reasons for these values are properly assessed.

Low prevalence of <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i> infection among women seeking health care in five communities in Ikot Ekpene Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

the is a common sexually transmitted parasitic infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, yet it is always neglected and unreported. This study was carried out among women of reproductive age made up of 136(34.2%) pregnant and 262(65.8%) non-pregnant women in a bid to seek possible ways to promote healthy lifestyle among them. They were examined for prevalence, distribution pattern, intensity and risk factors associated with the infection. The study was conducted in communities randomly selected in Ikot Ekpene LGA namely; Nkap, Ikot Obong Edong, Ikot Ekpene and Ikot Abia Idem. Participants were women who registered for antenatal or visited the medical centres for other health needs. Samples were collected and wet mounts and vital staining with Giemsa stain was used to detect T. vaginalis trophozoites. Out of 398 samples collected, 17(4.3%) were infected. Only 4(2.9%) women out of 136 pregnant women examined were infected. All infected participants were below 36 years. The highest prevalence was recorded among the 16–25 age group with 9(6%) out of 150 women examined in this group infected. Those infected within 26–35 years were 8(3.8%). The difference in prevalence between the two age groups was not significant (χ2=2.90, p=0.23). A higher burden of the disease was recorded among sexually active women. Health officials should endeavour to pay attention to curbing the disease, through awareness among vulnerable groups.

Geophysical investigation of aquifer flow unit characteristics in northern parts of Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria

The heterogeneous nature of the aquifer system poses significant challenges to both aquifer delineation into hydraulic flow units (HFUs) and the assessment of groundwater flow efficiency. This heterogeneity leads to changes in aquifers’ hydraulic parameters, which include porosity, flow and storage capacities, permeability, flow Zone Indicator (FZI) and aquifer quality index (AQI). Thus, the key aim of this study is to examine aquifer flow unit characteristics in Ikot Ekpene and Obot Akara municipalities by categorizing the units into distinctive HFUs via the combined application of the electrical resistivity technology (ERT), Stratigraphic Modified Lorenz Plot (SMLP) and Flow Zone Indicator (FZI) techniques. The area is shown to comprise successions of three to four sandy layers with minor clay interbeddings at few locations from the ERT results. The aquifer units are found in layers two and three respectively at depths of between 1.6 and 30.2 m with 30.2–89.0 m thickness. The results of the FZI technique identify two distinct HFUs in the area with respective discrete rock typing (DRT) values of 14 and 15 whereas that of the SMLP method reveal 5 unique HFUs, each characterised by similar flow characteristics. The delineated flow units from the SMLP results are classified as conductors with a fair efficiency ranking. This ranking seems to correlate with the DRT results for the delineated unconsolidated sandy and gravelly sand aquifers, which are shown to be perfectly heterogeneous. These findings from this maiden study in the area are very promising and provide useful insights on groundwater flow characteristics in the area to assist groundwater resource regulating authorities and policy makers in making decisions on appropriate location of new water boreholes to satisfy the mushrooming water needs of the local population.

Impacts of human activities on trace metals of Qua Iboe River, Ikot Ekpene Stretch, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Water, whether used for the purpose of drinking, irrigation, domestic purposes, has an important impact on health. Although pollution can occur naturally, it is the anthropogenic (man-induced) pollution that crates more problems. These activities include agriculture, fishing, sand mining, boating and a host of other activities carried out by man capable of polluting water bodies significantly (Akpan et al., 2024). The assessment of impacts of human activities on levels some trace metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu and As) in water samples from Qua Iboe River, Ikot Ekpene stretch, Akwa Ibom State, was carried out using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The levels of trace metals obtained across the sampling locations were significantly higher in location (Afaha Ikot Ebak) with tremendous human activities and lowest at location (Uwa) with least human activities. The trend of the levels of trace metals obtained across all the sampling locations in both seasons indicated Cu > Cr > Cd > Pb > As. The levels of the trace metals obtained across the sampling locations showed significant positive relationship with levels of human activities across the sampling locations. Although the levels of all the trace metals determined were within WHO (2011) permissible limits, they were significantly higher at locations with tremendous human activities. The results of this study indicated that the studied river could be sustained for use by the present and future generations through routine monitoring to prevent escalation in levels of these pollutants beyond tolerability limits given by regulatory bodies.

Household Food Insecurity in Ikot–Ekpene Local Government Area, Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria: Prevalence and Association

ABSTRACT This study determined the prevalence and association of household food insecurity and its association with anemia among children in a Nigerian rural community. A descriptive cross-sectional community-based study design with 308 households in Akwa-Ibom state, Nigeria, was used. Household food insecurity access was assessed using HFIAS questionnaire. Haemoglobin was assessed using cyanmethemoglobin method. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was done to identify factors associated with household food insecurity. Having self-employed mothers (COR = 1.093; 95% CI = 0.301–3.962) and large household size (COR = 2.163; 95% CI = 1.229–3.809) were associated with increased risk of household food insecurity.

Social Factors Influencing Tobacco Consumption Among Adolescents in Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

The study examined social factors influencing tobacco consumption among adolescence in Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State. Specially, the study examined the role of family and peer group members on tobacco consumption among adolescence in Ikot Ekpene. The study adopted survey research design. The population of the study (2245) covered three most populated secondary schools where most of the adolescents were found in cluster for easy sampling. Taro Yamane formula was used to select 340 sample size. The researcher adopted judgmental and cluster sampling techniques, while questionnaire was the major instrument for data collection. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics such as mean, frequency and percentage. The Hypotheses were tested with a multiple regression model. The descriptive statistics revealed that intake of tobacco products by parents and older siblings, tobacco products availability, exposure in the family and family orientation on consumption structure were the major family conditions that triggered adolescent tobacco consumption in Ikot Ekpene. Also, consumption of tobacco by classmates and gender; consumption of tobacco products by friends in school and consumption of tobacco products by age grade and peer group indices affect adolescence tobacco consumption in Ikot Ekpene. The study recommended that parents and guardians of adolescence should not indulge in tobacco consumption before their children and wards. This will help to streamline adolescence tobacco consumption.

Hydrogeochemical–geophysical investigations of groundwater quality and susceptibility potential in Ikot Ekpene–Obot Akara Local Government Areas, Southern Nigeria

Abstract Groundwater contamination is of global concern. The study area (Ikot Ekpene–Obot Akara Local Government Areas) continues to experience a swift increase in human population and associated economic activities, leading to the generation of more waste. The fundamental goal of this work is therefore to weigh up the groundwater standard through hydrogeochemical investigation of groundwater samples and the susceptibility potential of the economically exploited aquifer units in the area. The results of the electrical geo-sounding data acquired at 28 locations in the area reveal three to four lithological successions comprising fine/coarse sands and gravels amid patches of thin clay interbeddings at several places. The primary aquifer is the third layer, which is between 10.5 and 101.5 m deep with resistivity values between 359.4 and 2,472.8 Ωm. The hydrogeochemical evaluation of groundwater samples in the area shows that the measured physicochemical parameters are well within the World Health Organization's acceptable limits except for lead and nickel ions. The groundwater quality and susceptibility potential maps generated seem to correlate well and clearly demarcate the poor groundwater quality/high susceptibility potential zones. These maps are useful tools that could aid policymakers in successful groundwater management in the area to meet the needs of the populace.

Analysis of Farm Labour Supply among Cucumber Farmers in Ikot Ekpene Agricultural Zone, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

The study analyzed farm labour supply among 90 cucumber farmers that were randomly selected using a multistage sampling in Ikot Ekpene Agricultural Zone, AKS, Nigeria. Specifically, the study sought to examine the socioeconomic characteristics of cucumber farmers in the study area; examine the amount of labour utilized for different cucumber production operation; estimate the determinants of cucumber productivity and examine constraints to cucumber production in the study area. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data which were analyzed using means, frequencies, standard deviation, multiple regression analysis and the Likert Scale Rating technique. Result revealed a mean farming experience, age, household size and farm size of 5 years, 4 years, 5 persons and 0.5 hectare and 5 persons respectively. Majority (62.21) of respondent were female, married (71.1%), educated (87.3%), and participation in off farm activities (83.3%). Findings showed that while men participated more in land clearing (81.1%) and land preparation (76.6%) women were actively involved in weeding (79.2%) and harvesting (45.1%). Children on their part participated more on planting (44%) and fertilizer application/pesticide (47.4%), respectively. Results further showed that the major determinants of labour were farm size (p>.0.01), household size (p>0.05), education (p>0.05), farming experience (p>0.01) and quality of manure/fertilizer (p>0.01). Also, the major constraints to cucumber production were scarcity of seed and agro chemicals, lack of storage facilities, high perishability of product, pest and disease infestation, low prices of product, high cost of labour, poor labour supply, poor access to credit, thefts of product, and low yield, respectively. It is recommended that prices of input should be subsidized, extension agents should be deployed to the area and that effort should be made to discharge the high off farm participation among cucumber farmers in the study area.

Proximate and Antinutrient Composition of Hura crepitans (Sandbox Tree) Seeds

Analysis of proximate and antinutrient composition of Hura crepitans (Sandbox tree) seeds obtained from campus of Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic Ikot Osurua, Ikot Ekpene were carried out using standard analytical procedures. The result of the proximate composition analysis showed that H. crepitans seeds contain moisture content (13.875 ± 0.176%), crude fat (36.750±1.060%), crude fibre (0.5±0.000%), crude protein (36.625±0.884%), ash content (0.25±0.000%) and carbohydrate (25.875±0.200%). The result of the antinutrient analysis showed that H. crepitans seeds contain phytic acid (phytate) (0.615±0.002mg/100g), hydrogen cyanide (3.289±0.003mg/100g), oxalate (1.386±0.001mg/100g) and tannins (8.130±0.003mg/100g). Tannins had the highest concentration while phytate had the lowest concentration of all the antinutrients analyzed. The antinutrients can be removed during processing. The result of the proximate composition reveals high crude fat and protein contents of the seed of H. crepitans, showing that the seed is nutritional. Findings from this study therefore suggest intensified research on the seeds of H. crepitans so as to harness its potentials in the production of animal feed.

Compliance with directly-observed therapy short course regimen and recovery from pulmonary tuberculosis among clients of an infectious disease hospital

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the compliance with directly-observed therapy short course (DOTS)-regimen and recovery from pulmonary tuberculosis among clients of infectious Diseases Hospital, Ikot Ekpene, Nigeria.
 Methods: A descriptive design was used for the study and a total of 100 pulmonary tuberculosis patients who came for medical checkup between August and September 2021 were studied using convenience sampling technique. The instrument used for data collection was a researcher constructed questionnaire with 20 items grouped into sections A and B. Section A, elicited information on the demographic data of the respondents while section B focused on the level of compliance and recovery rate of the patients. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics of percentages on frequency tables and chart while Pearson product Moment Correlation formula was used to analyse the results at 0.05 level of significance.
 Results: Findings from the study revealed that majority (72.2%) of the patients had knowledge, 70.6% complied with DOTS regimen and 68.2% recovered from pulmonary tuberculosis. There was no significant relationship between patient’s knowledge of the disease and compliance with DOTS.
 Conclusion: It is therefore recommended that adequate information should be given to all pulmonary tuberculosis patients on the need for strict compliance with DOTS in order to recover completely from the infection after treatment.

Communication Strategies and Organizational Harmony in Local Government Councils in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

This study examined communication strategies and organizational harmony in local government councils in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The objectives of this study were to find out the communication strategies employed by the leadership of local government Councils in Akwa Ibom State, find out the rationale for the use of such communication strategies, determine if the communication strategies used by the leadership of local government councils in Akwa Ibom State do enhance organisational harmony, determine communication strategies preferred by the majority stakeholders in the local government councils studied, find out other factors that engender organisational harmony in the local government councils studied. The research design adopted for the study was survey, with questionnaire and interview schedule as research instruments. The population of the study were staff in Uyo, Eket and Ikot Ekpene local government councils in Akwa Ibom State is 1,374. A sample size of 286 was drawn for the study using the Taro Yamane formula. The study which anchored on System theory and the Interactional theory revealed that majority of the respondents in the council studied affirmed that sporting activities contributed to harmony in the council. Also, the study revealed that across the local government councils studied that religious activities similarly led to organisational harmony, the study found out that the leadership of the local government councils in Akwa Ibom State represented by Uyo, Eket and Ikot Ekpene utilised memo, letter, meeting, telephone, seminar and worship (solemn assembly) as a means of reaching out to their employees. Email was not used at all. It was recommended that local government councils should endeavour regularly to carry out communication audit to evaluate their performances. This should prove invaluable in helping them decide necessary changes that they need to make to ensure smooth running of the councils, the leadership of the local government councils need to incorporate the use of email for exchange of messages across the councils, telephone is an important tool that the councils use effectively in communication with subordinates. The principal officers and supervisors need to improve on their telephone etiquette, particularly in the use of language and tone during conversations. The impact of telephone in engendering interaction and relationships are overwhelming and should be embraced by the councils.