Ijen Crater Research Articles

Sentiment Analysis Of Ijen Crater Reviews Using Naïve Bayes Classification And Oversampling Optimization

Sentiment analysis is a method that applies text mining concepts to provide classifications that have polarity that is positive, negative, or neutral from each sentence or document. In this context, the purpose of this research is to analyse the sentiment of user reviews related to the Ijen crater tourist attractions found on the Google Maps platform. This research is conducted in three main stages: first, Data Collection and Preprocessing by taking data samples obtained from Ijen Crater reviews contained on Google Maps; second Optimisation and Classification by changing the minority class samples to be almost equal to the majority class by randomly duplicating the minority class samples, third, classification performance measurement using confusion matrix. The test is conducted by comparing the performance between NBC classification without optimisation and NBC classification with SMOTE and ADASYN optimisation. The performance results show that SMOTE-optimised NBC classification provides the best improvement in accuracy by 6.74% compared to the performance of ordinary NBC and NBC added with ADASYN.

The influence of the acid water of the Banyupait River on the community health in Bantal village, Asembagus, Indonesia.

The pH of Mount Ijen crater water is 0-2, resulting in water that is acidic and sulfurous. A fault near the Mount Ijen Crater causes seepage so that acidic water flows into the Banyupait River. Chemical elements and heavy metals originating from the river pollute groundwater and plants. As a result, people around the river consume heavy metals. This research aims to determine the quality of river water and groundwater, as well as determine community factors that are susceptible to dental fluorosis. The methodology used is field mapping and laboratory analysis. For water samples, the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) method is used. The pH of river water at the research location exceeds the quality standard, namely pH 4-5.5. Meanwhile, groundwater fluorine and sulfate elements exceed quality standards, namely fluorine of 0.6171 mg/L and 0.6870 mg/L, and sulfate ranging from 325-683 mg/L. These two elements cause symptoms of dental fluorosis. Meanwhile, the community factors most susceptible to dental fluorosis are people in the adult age category, and the last level of education is elementary school. This is because the Banyupait River water and groundwater are exposed to fluorine and sulfate water originating from seepage from the Mount Ijen Crater.

The Duration Amplitude Distribution of Volcanic Tremor Recorded at Ijen Volcano, Indonesia

This research was conducted with the aim of explaining the physical processes that occur at the source. The duration-amplitude distribution is an amplitude scaling method that can describe the process of sustained earthquake sources such as volcanic tremors. The data used in this study are seismic data from Mount Ijen for the period from January to March 2012 and January to March 2014. Scaling the duration amplitude distribution is done by converting the amplitude to reduced displacement (DR). The cumulative duration is calculated with a range of 3-12 cm2 which is the lowest and highest reduced displacement values. The cumulative duration plot results are then adjusted to the power law model and the exponential model. a correlation coefficient (R2) was calculated to evaluate the fit for each of these models. The results showed that the R2 exponential model was higher than the R2 power law model for all events in both 2012 and 2014 and there was no transition between the two models. This indicates that the source process of the Ijen volcano volcanic tremor is related to the scale-bound source process and there was no source change in either 2012 or 2014. However, differences in amplitude characteristics were found in 2012 and 2014. The volcanic tremors in 2012 were stronger than those in 2014, according with the reality of changing the condition of the crater lake which is stronger in 2012. Volcanic tremors and changes in the Ijen crater lake are important for forecasting the eruption of the Ijen volcano.

Does the VR Experience Influence Visit Intentions? Case Study of Ijen Crater in Indonesia

Tourism plays a crucial role in the Indonesian economy. However, the Covid-19 pandemic has substantially impacted the tourism industry. One of the destinations that have been heavily affected is the Ijen Crater. Virtual tourism has emerged as a crucial tool for promoting destinations, including the Ijen Crater, and is helpful to both tourists and tourism managers. This study examines the influence of information access, flow, and telepresence, representing the virtual reality (VR) experience of the Ijen Crater, on tourists' intention to visit the site. Hedonic value mediates the relationship between the VR experience and visits intention on the Ijen Crater. The study involved 117 respondents who had experienced Ijen crater virtual reality, and the SEM-PLS method was used for analysis. The research findings indicate that flow and telepresence have a significant influence on hedonic value, and flow itself has an indirect effect on visit intention. While information access does not significantly impact hedonic values, information access and telepresence do not indirectly influence visit intention to the ijen crater. These findings contribute new insights for researchers, stakeholders, and managers of Ijen tourism.

Peran Stakeholder dalam Pengelolaan Kawasan Taman Wisata Alam Kawah Ijen

Ijen Crater Nature Park (TWAKI) is one of East Java Province's tourism destinations designated as a national tourism strategic area (KSPN). The natural beauty and the phenomenon of blue fire from the Ijen crater are an attraction for local and foreign tourists to visit the area. Also, an area that is prone to volcanic eruptions and fires. Administratively, Ijen is located in two districts, namely Banyuwangi and Bondowoso. The management of the area is carried out by the East Java Natural Resources Conservation Center (BBKSDA). Ijen borders the forest area managed by KPH Bondowoso and KPH Banyuwangi Barat. This potential area is also an attraction for stakeholders to be involved in developing Ijen Crater's natural tourism by their respective authorities. This study identifies the stakeholders' role in developing the TWAKI. The method used is an exploratory case study with pattern-matching analysis techniques. The study's results, namely the stakeholders' role in managing Ijen crater natural tourism, are divided into four categories: policy creators, implementers, facilitators, and conservators.

How to Develop Ecotourism in Ijen Banyuwangi Crater ?

Tourism is an important part in supporting the development of social, economic, cultural, and even regional political life. Ijen Crater is listed as the largest crater in the world and one of the tourism industries in Banyuwangi City with high tourism potential in the East Java region, Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to find the right formula to develop ijen crater tourism and maintain nature conservation. The research method uses the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) approach. The results of the analysis obtained that cooperation strategies with stakeholders 0.37%, community empowerment strategies 0.315%, regulatory improvement strategies 0.186% and management management strategies 0.129%. Stakeholder cooperation is an important priority because it is useful to be able to create relationships by building good communication in running the wheels of the ecotourism industry. This study can ultimately be useful for mapping strategies in developing ecotourism in Ijen Crater, Tamansari Village, Banyuwangi, Indonesia.

The role of the international Tour De Banyuwangi Ijen event in increasing the number of tourists for Banyuwangi Ijen crater destinations

The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of the International Tour de Banyuwangi Ijen (ITdBI) championship in increasing tourist visits to the Banyuwangi Ijen Crater destination. Respondents amounted to 100 tourists, including 80 domestic tourists and 20 foreign tourists. This study uses quota sampling. The data was processed using crosstabulation analysis and chi-square test, then continued with logistic regression. The research instrument is a questionnaire. The limitations of the research are the number of respondents and the willingness of respondents to fill out the questionnaire. The results showed that the role of sports championships analyzed on indicators of information, level of satisfaction, visiting enthusiasm, and recommendations contributed 75.9% to the increase in the number of tourists. Thus, the role of these major sporting events for tourists is as a medium of information, travel satisfaction, enthusiasm for repeated visits, and the willingness of tourists to recommend potential visitors. Future research is expected to include other factors involved in increasing tourist visits, especially tourists with sports motivation. The implementation of the next model and strategy is how to develop sustainable sports tourism in the Ijen crater tourist destination adapted to the concept of sustainable tourism development by considering environmental, socio-cultural and economic aspects.

Geological and Isothermal 3-D Model of Blawan-Ijen Geothermal System

The Blawan-Ijen is one of the geothermal prospects in the eastern part of Java island, Indonesia. This prospect is situated in the caldera called the Kendeng caldera. The Blawan-Ijen has geothermal manifestations in two different locations, the Ijen crater in the southeast and Blawan in the northern part of the caldera. These manifestations are estimated to have different reservoirs. Different manifestations of characteristic and lithological complexity in the Kendeng caldera make the geothermal system contained in the caldera less known. Therefore, a 3D model was built on understanding the geometries of the Blawan-Ijen geothermal system. In this research, the model is limited to the geological and isothermal model. The data used in building the models are based on the literature and research data that has been done previously. Geological and isothermal models were built using Leapfrog Geothermal software. The 3D conceptual model provides a general overview of the geometries of the Blawan-Ijen geothermal system. The isothermal model shows temperature anomalies and their possible distribution.

Geochemistry Acidic Water of Banyupait River Effect Seepage of Crater Water Ijen Volcano, Asembagus, Indonesia

The Ijen volcano has the Pleistocene age, and this stratovolcano was very acidic crater water with a pH of 0-1. The acidic water seeps into the Banyupait River. Asembagus is a research area located on the northern slope of the Ijen volcano, and the Banyupait River drains this. This study used several different analytic methodologies with some previous researchers, namely geological mapping, pH measurement, spectrophotometry, IRMS (Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer), and the technique of Induced Coupled Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Besides, the petrographic analysis is used to determine rock minerals' composition due to rocks interacting with acidic water. Banyupait River water in the Asembagus area has a pH of river water around 3-7.3, SO4 (220-683 ppm), and the type of water is meteoric water. Also, Ca, K, and Mg concentrations in the west Banyupait river irrigation water flow showed higher levels than the eastern. Likewise, REE elements from the Asembagus region showed lower concentrations compared to Ijen Crater water. This change in the level of chemical elements is caused by the Banyupait River's acidity being diluted or mixed with water from other water. The process of acidic water interaction with rocks can also be observed from rocks traversed by the Banyupait River flow. Chalcedony and hematite replace the primary minerals of basaltic rocks. This research is expected to improve the quality of water needed by the Asembagus community to live healthily.

ANALISIS KUALITAS LAYANAN PADA TOUR DAN TRAVEL DI BANYUWANGI INDONESIA

Tourism in Banyuwangi is very diverse and attracts the attention of local and foreign tourists, especially tourist attractions that have extraordinary beauty. Tourist attractions that are currently in demand by local and foreign tourists are Ijen crater, Plengkung beach, and the beach. Sukomad. The purpose of this study was to determine directly or indirectly the effect of service quality, and price on interest by referring to customer satisfaction as an intervening variable on tour & travel in Banyuwangi Regency. The number of samples in this study was 170 using the purposive sampling technique. The analysis technique used Structural Equation Model (SEM) using Warp PLS7.0. The results of data analysis show that (1) service quality has a significant effect on interest in referring, (2) price has a significant effect on interest in referring, (3) service quality and price have a significant effect on interest in referring through customer satisfaction as an intervening variable

Studi Ketercukupan Kapasitas Saluran Jalan Pada Jalan Dengan Kelandaian Cukup Tinggi (Studi Kasus Jalan Kawah Ijen, Bondowoso)

Stagnant water in the highway area is the cause of disruption of the smooth flow of vehicle traffic. Even the overflowing of air from the road creates a large flood supply in the road area. The problem of flooding in the Ijen Bondowoso crater road area was also triggered by the inability of the channel that functions to fill the flood water discharge that occurs in this road area. From this problem, it is necessary to study regarding the adequacy of the capacity of the road channel on roads with a fairly high slope such as what happened in the area of Ijen Crater road, Bondowoso From the results of this study it can be seen that the average daily rainfall is the result of 100,461 mm and the relative average rainfall intensity of each channel for the 10 year return period is 63,301 mm / hour. The flood discharge plan is calculated from 2 to 100 years. In this drainage design analysis, the design flood discharge is calculated for only 10 years, and a planned flood discharge is obtained of 0.423 m3 / second. The channel required to fill the flood discharge is a rectangular channel with the size B = H = 0.6 m. It is recommended to always carry out a comprehensive study with regard to changes in the road body of the road along with the increase in existing traffic. As well as the infrastructure of the existing channel and feeding the community around the road, it will be clean and not littering, especially in the road channel

Towards Family Economic Sustainability: The Transformation of Traditional Sulphur Miners in Ijen Crater

Sulphur miners in Ijen crater, Banyuwangi, Indonesia has been undergoing life changing experience for many years. It happened due to the natural phenomena of the area. Mount Ijen has a potential natural tourism that might attract domestic and international tourists. In addition, the area has high sulphur contents. The management of sulphur is fully authorized by CN Company. The traditional miners deposit the mining results to the company. Working in sulphur mining is very risky, especially for the carriers who are paid based on the quantity of sulphur they bring up from the crater. This study explores in deep the profile of the traditional sulphur miners in Ijen crater, Banyuwangi. It employs a qualitative approach to obtain the real image of their profile. The research results are (1) three types of traditional sulphur miners in Ijen crater are found. Two of them are permanent employees of the company while the remaining type of the miners is independent worker, whose activities are searching and carrying the sulphur. The Ijen crater miners had an uncertain income, depending on the amount of sulphur successfully transported. (2) The minimum income of the traditional miners leads them to transform the job into businesses. (3) The transformation lets them contribute more to their family life.

Mobility of REE from a hyperacid brine to secondary minerals precipitated in a volcanic hydrothermal system: Kawah Ijen crater lake (Java, Indonesia)

Rare Earth Elements (REE; lanthanides and yttrium) are elements with high economic interest because they are critical elements for modern technologies. This study mainly focuses on the geochemical behavior of REE in hyperacid sulphate brines in volcanic-hydrothermal systems, where the precipitation of sulphate minerals occurs. Kawah Ijen lake, a hyperacid brine hosted in the Ijen caldera (Indonesia), was used as natural laboratory. ∑REE concentration in the lake water is high, ranging from 5.86 to 6.52 mg kg−1. The REE pattern of lake waters normalized to the average local volcanic rock is flat, suggesting isochemical dissolution. Minerals spontaneously precipitated in laboratory at 25 °C from water samples of Kawah Ijen were identified by XRD as gypsum. Microprobe analyses and the chemical composition of major constituents allow to identify possible other minerals precipitated: jarosite, Al-sulphate and Sr, Ba-sulphate. ∑REE concentration in minerals precipitated (mainly gypsum) range from 59.53 to 78.64 mg kg−1. The REE patterns of minerals precipitated normalized to the average local magmatic rock show enrichment in LREE. The REE distribution coefficient (KD), obtained from a ratio of its concentration in the minerals precipitated (mainly gypsum) and the lake water, shows higher values for LREE than HREE. KD-LREE/KD-HREE increases in the studied samples when the concentrations of BaO, MgO, Fe2O3, Al2O3, Na2O and the sum of total oxides (except SO3 and CaO) decrease in the solid phase. The presence of secondary minerals different than gypsum can be the cause of the distribution coefficient variations.High concentrations of REE in Kawah Ijen volcanic lake have to enhance the interest on these environments as possible REE reservoir, stimulating future investigations. The comparison of the KD calculated for REE after mineral precipitation (mainly gypsum) from Kawah Ijen and Poás hyperacid volcanic lakes allow to generalize that the gypsum precipitation removes the LREE from water.

Comparative study of collembola community on burnt forest areas and unburn forest areas in ijen crater nature park Banyuwangi

Forest fire is one of the most crucial environmental and forestry issues in Indonesia. Forest fires are also frequent in the Ijen Crater Nature Park. Forest fires cause loss of filter and humus which is source of food for soil animals. One of the soil animals that inhabit litter and soil is Collembola. This study aims to compare Collembola community in bunt and unburnt areas of Ijen Crater Nature Park. As well as to know the relation of abiotic factors with diversity, evennes, and richness of Collembola in burnt and unburnt areas. This research is a descriptive explorative research. Data retrieval is done with line transect method. The result showed that Collembola index value on burnt and unburnt areas are significantly different. The dominant species in the burnt area is Onychiurus sp, whereas in the unburnt area is Isotomurus sp. The result of abiotic factor regression analysis showed that temperature, humidity and pH level have relation to index of Collembolas diversity, evenness and richness.

Oxygen isotope fractionation between gypsum and its formation waters: Implications for past chemistry of the Kawah Ijen volcanic lake, Indonesia

Abstract Gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) provides an opportunity to obtain information from both the oxygen isotopic composition of the water and sulfate of its formation waters, where these components are commonly sourced from different reservoirs (e.g., meteoric vs. magmatic). Here, we present δ18O values for gypsum and parent spring waters fed by the Kawah Ijen crater lake in East Java, Indonesia, and from these natural samples derive gypsum-fluid oxygen isotope fractionation factors for water and sulfate group ions of 1.0027 ± 0.0003‰ and 0.999 ± 0.001‰, respectively. Applying these fractionation factors to a growth-zoned gypsum stalactite that records formation waters from 1980 to 2008 during a period of passive degassing, and gypsum cement extracted from the 1817 eruption tephra fall deposit, shows that these fluids were in water-sulfate oxygen isotopic equilibrium. However, the 1817 fluid was >5‰ lighter. This indicates that the 1817 pre-eruption lake was markedly different, and had either persisted for a much shorter duration or was more directly connected to the underlying magmatic-hydrothermal system. This exploratory study highlights the potential of gypsum to provide a historical record of both the δ18Owater and δ18Osulfate of its parental waters, and provides insights into the processes acting on volcanic crater lakes or any other environment that precipitates gypsum.

ANCAMAN ERUPSI KAWAH IJEN TERHADAP MASYARAKAT LERENG IJEN (KABUPATEN BONDOWOSO)

Ijen caldera complex is a volcano that has a 7 km diameter elliptical caldera which only leaving a northern caldera wall curving towards the southward. Ijen crater as a youngest volcano and still active today stratigraphically composed of lava flow, pyroclastic flow sediments, and pyroclastic fallout. Threats that arise if an eruption occur is pyroclastic flow, pyroclastic fallout, lava flow, lahar flow, and water of ijen crater. The existance of vulcanic activity of Ijen crater impact positively to the society which live around the Ijen mountain region. Their economy rest on sulphur mining and the soil fertility which is used to potato, cabbage and coffee crop cultivation. If this happen it could be a serious threat for the environment, include the population settled around volcano and along the river upstream in the lake of this crater and is a catastrophe. The disaster can be huge because water volume of large enough crater lake and very acidic, besides the result of explotion such as hot clouds, phreatic eruption in the form of lava eruption is also possible to happen.

A Study of Tourist Attraction Development Policy and Environmental Conservation in the Ijen Crater Natural Park

Tourism development in Indonesia is increasing, as it is beneficial to the the social, cultural, educational, environmental and economic sectors of the country. In maintaining the sustainability of tourism, the government optimizes business in the field of ecotourism. Ecotourism as an environmentally friendly tourism can have a positive impact in the form of economic improvement, conservation, education, environmental preservation and empowerment of local communities. One ecotourism that has always been a magnet for tourists today is the Nature Tourism Park (TWA) Ijen Crater. Ijen Crater is a nature conservation area with diverse natural potential and is used as a nature conservation park. This study discusses the analysis of environmental damage prevention in the Ijen Crater Nature Park. A qualitative descriptive research approach with data collection techniques through primary data and secondary data was applied. The data were analyzed with data collection analysis, reduction, presentation and data verification. The results of this study are the natural potential of Ijen Crater TWA including the Ijen crater lake, blue fire, sulfur mining, vegetation and animals, Paltuding fun trekking, and Bunder cottage. The environmental conditions of tourist objects and attractions in Ijen Crater TWA are still in a good stage because the manager continues to strive to supervise and protect the tourist objects and attractions. The results of the analysis were interpreted by applying literary research of two regulations, namely UU No.32 of 2009 and UU No.10 of 2009. The result showed that there were three indicators that were not in accordance with UU No.10 of 2009 on Tourism, including the implementation of principles; coordination; and rights, obligations and prohibitions. The efforts to prevent enviromental damage can be done by dividing the area blocks, designing the site and disseminating information to tourists.

Growth-zoned gypsum stalactite from the Kawah Ijen volcanic lake, Indonesia, records a >40-year record of volcanic activity

Volcanic crater lakes represent both a significant hazard and an opportunity to monitor the activity of their host volcano. Unfortunately monitoring efforts, especially of lake water composition, are commonly limited by the lack of a historical record. Here we report the results of a study on the Kawah Ijen crater lake in eastern Java, Indonesia that uses growth-zoned gypsum precipitated from lake water seepage as a proxy record of lake water chemistry. Absolute ages for gypsum growth zones were determined from 210Pb radionuclide dating with a newly developed Ar-Kr-Xe correction for variations in the volcanic flux. The resulting 40-year time series of gypsum composition shows that periods of unrest are recorded by large compositional variance, whereas quiescence is characterized by low concentrations and low variance. Gypsum associated with the 1817 phreato-magmatic eruption of Kawah Ijen is similar in most elements, but it has markedly higher ratios of Cu over Sb, As and Tl, which is interpreted to represent a volcanic gas signal. These results show that gypsum holds great promise to provide the missing historical record of lake chemistry and unrest at Kawah Ijen volcano, and this approach can be extended to other volcanoes hosting crater lakes where gypsum is present.

STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN CINDERAMATA BELERANG WISATA KAWAH IJEN BANYUWANGI

Ijen crater destination is one of the favorite of tourism object in Banyuwangi. Ijen crater has the interesting tourism that is lake crater that contains sulfur with the exotic of the blue fire, the unique of traditional miners, also the kind of flora and fauna. Moreover, ijen crater destination has superior product that is souvenir of sulfur that needed strategy to develop the existence of the product to get costumer satisfaction. The purposes of this research to know the development strategy souvenirs of sulfur in ijen crater destination Banyuwangi District and to know the development priority strategy souvenir of sulfur in ijen crater destination Banyuwangi District. As for, data analysis technique using Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE), External Factor evaluation (EFE), Matrix Internal External (IE, Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, an Threats (SWOT), and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the development strategy souvenir of sulfur. The result of this research that is the priority strategies that can recommendation to develop souvenirs of sulfur that are (1) the government gives facilities and infrastructures to do intensive promotion activities, (2) to create be kind of the interesting product, (3) coordination that intensive with stakeholder to improvement sustainable development, (4) to establish cooperation with the managers of mining as team work to sustainable development, (5) to do training for the souvenirs of sulfur craftsman by the government, (6)to increase the quality of product that more creative.

Development of Low Cost Toxic Gas Explosive Modeling System using Wireless Array Sensor Netwok

The Natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, erupting volcanoes and toxic gases affect life can even result in permanent ecosystem and environmental changes. Monitoring of toxic gases is one of the important issues, it is based on the nature of the gas that is difficult to detect movement, especially in large areas. Ijen crater reportedly began spewing toxic gas on March 21, 2018, and poisoned 30 people who lived in four villages on the slopes of Mount Ijen. This study aims to develop a tool with an array sensor application that is able to adapt to environmental conditions. This detection device providing 24hour surveillance of toxic gases. In the application, the sensors will be placed in areas affected by toxic gas disasters, it aims to provide early warning if there is a toxic gas wave from Mount Ijen. It is also able to give warning to visitors and prospective visitors of Mount Ijen. So that ultimately no longer found victims of toxic gas, or at least reduce the impact of this toxic gas disaster.