Ignacy Krasicki Research Articles

Obywatelskie dylematy uśmiechniętego biskupa Ignacego Krasickiego

The Bishop of Warmia, Ignacy Krasicki, was involved in politics as a senator of the Republic and president of Prussian lands. His period of office (1766–1795) coincided with dramatic historical events, during which he had to make difficult choices. This was the case in 1767, the year of the dissident confederation and the Repninowski Parliament (Sejm). Krasicki had another dilemma in March 1768 – what position to take towards the Bar Confed�erates. Contrary to the expectations of King Stanisław August Poniatowski and the Russian ambassador, Repnina stood as the only senator who defended the Confederates. They intended to acquire XBW. Krasicki wanted to be neutral and in 1769 he left for France. The situation in Warmia was difficult. The bishop struggled with the Prussian threat and was alone in his actions. In the history of the state, Warmia and XBW, the first partition of Poland tragically took place in 1772. Warmia was incorporated into Prussia and the bishop became a Prussian subject. Krasicki was, however, well�versed in domestic matters. In his writings, he found psychological support and the opportunity to engage in politics. The author discusses several patriotic works in a synthetic way: The Tomb of Freedom of Poland, Hymn to the Love of the Homeland, a poem with inc. He Carried the Moment What Time Commanded, Song for the 3rd of May. She also draws attention to the novel Mr. Podstoli, praised by the king, in which the writer included his thoughts on social and political matters. To this day, Krasicki intrigues us with his smile and subdued behavior. In letters to a friend, G. Ghigiotti, he writes about he found a cure for stress.

Ignacy Krasicki w dziewiętnastowiecznych encyklopediach i słownikach brytyjskich

The article shows how the figure of Ignacy Krasicki was presented in nineteenth-century British general publications, ie encyclopedias, and dictionaries. The biographies of Ignacy Krasicki published in British encyclo�pedias carried a different cognitive value and had a different degree of originality. There were quite fairly well-de�signed biographical notes among them, but there were also superficial or extremely short biographical entries. There were also biographical notes copied from other publications. Nevertheless, the English-language reader had a number of possibilities to find information about Krasicki, particularly since the name appeared not only in gen�eral publications. Relatively often the person of the bishop-poet was also present on the pages of other publications appearing in the nineteenth century in Great Britain. Many texts about the history and culture of Poland, which appeared at that time, came from the quills of Poles who appeared in Great Britain after the collapse of the 1830 uprising. Among these emigrants, a large group of people were literates who, with a great knowledge of the subject, wrote about figures and events important to their country - at this time no longer existing on the map of Europe

Krasicki pozytywistów i modernistów

The author of the article demonstrates the ways of functioning of the biography, intellectual thought and work of Ignacy Krasicki in the literature of the second half of the nineteenth century. References to the literary, ideological and biographical heritage of the poet by positivists and modernists reveal Krasicki’s importance to cul�ture and literature during the second half of the 19th century. The basic goal is to extract from different texts (poet’s biographies, portraits, profiles, studies, synthetic approaches as well as literature - poetry, novels, drama) written by writers, critics and historians of Polish literature, positivism and modernism of modes of references to the shape and heritage of the prince’s poets. The return of positivists and modernists to Krasicki means the possibility of diagnosing one’s own present, and also facilitates defining the identity of culture with its limitations and deficits

Uwagi - literacki testament Krasickiego dla rodaków

This article concerns a collection of Ignacy Krasicki’s essays written in his last years, entitled Uwagi. De�spite the great variety of subjects in all the essays, the author has discovered a surprisingly coherent vision of people, society and the country. This vision can be interpreted as a program for the preservation of Polish identity during the Partitions of Poland and the rebuilding of social bonds.

Autorskie autografy na egzemplarzach starych druków XVI-XVIII w., zachowanych we Lwowskiej Narodowej Naukowej Bibliotece Ukrainy im. Wasyla Stefanyka

The author’s autographs in the early printed books from the collection of the Vasyl Stefanyk Lviv National Scientific Library of Ukraine can be grouped in two categories. The first one includes author’s signatures, their individual notes concerning the book, amendments and supplements to the text. These materials, quite rare in the books, are of particular importance for the researchers of the history of writing and printing. They can become an authoritative reference for dating, settling authorship of anonymous works, preparations of critical editions. The following authors are mentioned in the text: Mikolaj Bernett (1643-1710), Stanislaw Brzezanski (ca 1650-1738), Tadeusz Juda Krusinski (1675-1757), Gottfried Lengnich (16891774), Ignacy Krasicki (1735-1801). The other category of author’s autographs, bigger and as precious as the previous one, includes hand-written author’s dedications. The annex to this text registers 67 Polish dedications from the 16-18th centuries. The following famous persons can be found among authors and recipients: Erazm of Rotterdam, Ercole Sassonia, Martinus Glicius of Pilzno, Andrzej Wolan, and Daniel Mikolajewski.

NORWIDOWSKIE POMNIKI LITERATURY

Norwidian Literary Monuments The article discusses functions of quoting pre-Romantic authors in Norwid’s literary and discursive texts. The author argues that Norwid treated Franciszek Karpiński, Piotr Skarga, and Ignacy Krasicki as commentators of the nineteenth-century world and consequently as ‘literary monuments’ who participated in forging the contemporary cultural reality. In Norwid’s works, these authors themselves, not only their texts, became sui generis manifestations and figures of the fate of an unanswered prophet, or an advocate of home truths; as such they became mythologised. One can also find in Norwid’s works, however, elements of the discussion with literary tradition, which proves that he actively engaged with some of the ‘monuments’ of literature (cf. the case of Łukasz Górnicki).

Kwestia interpunkcji w utworach poetyckich Ignacego Krasickiego. Spostrzeżenia i uwagi w związku z edycją krytyczną wierszy

The issue of determining punctuation of former periods’ compositions in preparation for a critical edition is complicated and arises problems often difficult to solve univocally. This article treats of such situations based on Ignacy Krasicki’s poems, proposes solutions justified by the analysis of the text’s meanings and also points at situations where alternative versions are permissible. The reasoning arrives at a conclusion on editor’s work including punctuation, as endeavors of interpretative nature that are important for the understanding of a text and of its meanings.

„Got do Arkadii potrzebny”. Rozważania o nurcie neogotyckim w polskiej architekturze doby klasycyzmu

„Got do Arkadii potrzebny”. Rozważania o nurcie neogotyckim w polskiej architekturze doby klasycyzmu

Kilka uwag o znajomości dzieła Jana Jakuba Rousseau „Emil, czyli o wychowaniu” w Polsce przełomu XVIII i XIX wieku

“Émile, in other words – about upbringing”, the work by J.J. Rousseau published in 1762 was read relatively soon in Poland, and for a long time in French. We can see traces of “Emil” both in the memoirs of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, as well as in novels. Among the former, particularly interesting are the memoirs of women – Henrieta z Działyńskich Błędowska and Wiridianna Fiszerowa. They describe the upbringing practices of their childhood and also how they brought up their own children. By analyzing these memories one can see that the attitude towards Rousseau’s concept of upbringing was different: some have used his recommendations, and others criticized them. In the second group of sources one should mention the works of Ignacy Krasicki, Dymitr Michał Krajewski, or Fryderyk Skarbek, in which there are also references to upbringing and the human model described in the work of Rousseau.

Persuasive Ironies:

Persuasive Ironies:

Literary Activities and Attitudes in the Stanislavian Age in Poland (1764-1795): A Social System? by Jan IJ. van der Meer (review)

7I8 SEER, 8i, 4, 2003 manuscripts,though tantalizinglythe early exampleshave not yet been satisfactorily deciphered.They have been discussedin relationto Church SlavonicpoetrybyJakobsonandothers,andhavea significant bearingonthe elusivequestionofthedistinctive configuration ofoldRussianculture. So indeeddo manyof the interesting points too numerousto mention evenin an extensivereview in thisverywell-stocked book.Nobodycould claimit asa quickread,butitwouldbe apityifitweretobe usedonlyasan encyclopaedicreference-work: argumentsare developed (e.g. from the conceptthat'bookswerea Christian monopoly') thatdeserveto be followed through.Franklinlightenshis texturethroughhis gift for antitheticallystructured one-liners ('Thewritingofmeaningisonlyone ofthemeaningsof writing', p. 255)aswellasotherstylistic devices,someofwhich(e.g.insistence on aninternalhyphenin 'com-poser' and'equi-valent') willdoubtless drivea few readersto distraction. The bookis nicelyproduced,well-indexed, with foot-of-pagenotes;thereare some illustrations (we could have done with more)anda verybasicmap;savefora garbledGermancitationon p. 86 it seemsfreeofmisprints. Finally,onemustmentionafeatureofthevolumethat maysurprise ordisappoint itsreaders: thevirtualabsenceofanydiscussion of 'literariness' (e.g. the interactionbetweenthe oral and writtenrealmsof literature, orliteraryqualitiesingeneral).Franklin, acknowledging this,hints thathe maygiveus anothervolumetacklingthisvasttopic.Letus hopeso: together bothbookswillconstitute a splendid diptych. University ofSussex R. R. MILNER -GULLAND Meer, Jan U. van der. Literagy Activities andAttitudes in theStanislavian Agein Poland(I764-I795).- A SocialSystem? Studies in Slavic Literature and Poetics, 36. Editions Rodopi, Amsterdam and New York, 2002. 339 pp. Notes. Tables. Figures.Bibliography.?65.oo: $65.00 (paperback). IN the last three decades before partition,literarylife in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth came of age. Whereas prior to the mid-eighteenth century much if not most literary output circulated in manuscript, the Church(es) controlled the printing presses and nothing we might recognize as literary criticism existed, by the 178os, the printed word had assumed a dominant role, the book trade had become a lucrative business led by laymen, and diverse views on literature were expressed in both theoretical treatises and periodicals. This was reflected in the development of older genres, and the appearance of new ones- notably the Polish novel. Literary patronage remained important, and only a miserable life could be eked out by a writer without it, but a growing number of semi-independent authorswrote firstand foremostforthe public (theword 'publicum'or 'publicznosc'began to be used in its modern sense as a tribunal of opinion, as well as its older sense of the common good). The lion's share of this literary activity took place in the mushrooming city of Warsaw, which had about ioo,ooo inhabitants by the end of the decade, of whom about a third could read. The reading bug was caught by a stillwider public duringthe Great Sejm of I788-1792. However, as it did so, literature underwent intense politicization, and much of the REVIEWS 719 diversity of literarylife was lost. As one contemporary observed: 'romances, poetry and other light works of Frenchwritersand scribes stood untouched, while even dandies and women were carried away by the general tide, and went about with politics and the new constitutionin theirheads' (p. I05). The production of newspaperstripled,the massivedemand forpoliticalpamphlets enriched booksellers,and theatre-goersflockedto applaudpolitical plays, but sales of novels plummeted and literarycriticismbecame superfluous.In these regards,the PolishRevolution had a similareffectto its Frenchcounterpart. These, in outline, are the findingsof Polishliteraryscholarship,that, forthe first time in English, are made available by Jan IJ. van der Meer. He has mined over two hundred bibliographies, dictionaries, monographs and articles, supplementing them by careful use of contemporary memoirs, in order to construct a coherent interpretation, enhanced by his own research on particular questions. He integrates the literature of the confederacies of Radom and Bar (I767-72), which has often been marginalized, into the broader picture, and draws linksbetween the didacticJesuit comedies of the 175os and 176os and those written duringthe revolutionaryyears (I 788-94). The section on the scant reading societies and the numerous political clubs callsinto questionaspectsofJurgen Habermas'stheoryof thepublic sphere probably its first application to Stanislavian Poland. The author draws judicious conclusions from statisticalanalyses. But, questionably, he devotes much more attention to novels and plays than to poetry. The reader will search in vain for the longer poetical works that made Ignacy Krasicki's reputation.As Teresa Kostkiewiczowa (Polskiwieks'wiatet, Wroclaw, 2002) has reiterated, poetry kept its leading place in the literary culture of this period. Van der Meer surprisingly ignores Elzbieta Aleksandrowska'sprominent article in Pami4tnik Literacki (i99i). She demonstrates that the king wrote...

Ignacy Krasicki po arabsku

Ignacy Krasicki in Arabic. A critical analysis of K. Załuski’s translation In 1860, count Karol Załuski (1834 1919) published a booklet containing his Arabic translations of four fables by the leading Polish Enlightment Age poet Ignacy Krasicki, as well as Polish translations of four Arabic Lokman’s fables. Thus, for the first time in history, pieces of Polish literature were translated into Arabic by a Polish orientalist. Cast into oblivion for almost a century, the booklet was eventually discovered and briefly described by the Polish orientalist Jan Reychman in the mid twentieth century. This paper is an analysis of Załuski’s translation as well as a more detailed description of the booklet itself.