IGES Format Research Articles

Comparison of Crossflow Turbine Performance through Nozzle Position Variations Using ANSYS Simulation

The performance comparison of Crossflow turbines is greatly influenced by the position of the nozzle in the conversion of water energy into mechanical energy that occurs through the blades, runners, and shafts of Crossflow turbines. The study aims to directly examine the visualization of water fluid dynamics across the turbine runner blade and enhance the performance of the Crossflow turbine by varying the nozzle position. This study intends to investigate the impact of water flow dynamics and emission on the performance of Crossflow turbines with a combined horizontal-vertical nozzle position, specifically focusing on the magnitude of the number of turbine blades driven and the size of the runner blade area. The objective of investigating nozzle position variations in Crossflow turbines is to determine the specific nozzle position at which the turbine blade may efficiently extract maximum energy from the water flow, hence optimizing turbine performance. The research method using models made using CAD software is AutoCAD by exporting to IGES or IGS format to be compatible with ANSYS. The simulation of this research is with post-processing. There are three, namely making animations, making contours, and taking data to compare cross-turbine performance using variations in nozzle position. Crossflow turbine performance with horizontal nozzle position torque and turbine power is lower, and there is an increase in a vertical position. Then, the horizontal and vertical nozzle position is very good because the nozzle is more effective with maximum turbine performance, namely 13.811-watt turbine power 1,099 turbine torque at 120 rpm.

Comparison of Crossflow Turbine Performance through Nozzle Position Variations Using ANSYS Simulation

The performance comparison of Crossflow turbines is greatly influenced by the position of the nozzle in the conversion of water energy into mechanical energy that occurs through the blades, runners, and shafts of Crossflow turbines. The study aims to directly examine the visualization of water fluid dynamics across the turbine runner blade and enhance the performance of the Crossflow turbine by varying the nozzle position. This study intends to investigate the impact of water flow dynamics and emission on the performance of Crossflow turbines with a combined horizontal-vertical nozzle position, specifically focusing on the magnitude of the number of turbine blades driven and the size of the runner blade area. The objective of investigating nozzle position variations in Crossflow turbines is to determine the specific nozzle position at which the turbine blade may efficiently extract maximum energy from the water flow, hence optimizing turbine performance. The research method using models made using CAD software is AutoCAD by exporting to IGES or IGS format to be compatible with ANSYS. The simulation of this research is with post-processing. There are three, namely making animations, making contours, and taking data to compare cross-turbine performance using variations in nozzle position. Crossflow turbine performance with horizontal nozzle position torque and turbine power is lower, and there is an increase in a vertical position. Then, the horizontal and vertical nozzle position is very good because the nozzle is more effective with maximum turbine performance, namely 13.811-watt turbine power 1,099 turbine torque at 120 rpm.

CFD Simulation of Tapered Coil by Using Silicon Dioxide and Zinc Oxide Nanofluid with Water and Ethylene Glycol as Its Base Fluid

Abstract: Helical coils are very essential for various heat exchangers, nuclear reactors and in chemical engineering because of large quantity of heat transfer in a small space with high heat transfer rates and slight residence time dispersals even it suffers through a disadvantage of larger pressure drop. The curvature creates secondary flow arrangement which is perpendicular to main axial stream path. The secondary flow has insignificant capability to improve heat transfer owed to mingling of the fluid. The objective of this work is to compare and increase the pressure drop inside tapered helical coil heat exchanger in copper tube to succeed a better and more quantitative insight into heat transfer process by increasing secondary flow inside the coil and this can allow proper intermixing of the fluid and to maintain desired flow rate inside the helical coil. I work on CFD to analyze the helical coil by using ANSYS 15. Generation of 3D CAD model of aluminium and copper tapered helical tube of diameter (d) 10 mm keeping PCD 50 mm, pitch 20 mm , tapered angle 20 and length of 500 mm by using SOLIDWORKS and exporting to the IGES format and then import in ANSYS fluent 15

Analysis of Wheel Rim Using ANSYS for Four Wheeler

Wheel rims are one of the important parts of automotive, where it is heavily undergoes static and fatigue failures as the wheel travels in different road conditions. As it develops, the heavy stress produced, critical stress and number of cycles to failure were found. The design and shape of the wheel rim were to be accommodated for the requirement of vehicle. The wheel rims are mostly employed alloy materials with suitable parameters. A 3D model of wheel rim was made with Creo Parametric Software and then it was converted into IGES format and imported into ANSYS. Static analysis was performed using ANSYS 19.2 software and results were obtained by performing the analysis, it gives the differences in the behaviour of the model. In this static analysis, we found out Equivalent Von-mises stress, Equivalent Elastic strain and Total Deformation by applying fixed supports in lug holes and pressure of 0.27579 Mpa (40 psi) is applied on the outer surface of the rim for 3 different materials such as Steel, Aluminum alloy and Magnesium alloy.

A manufacturability-based assessment and design modification support tool

In the light of momentous technological development and market competitiveness, designers struggle to generate creative and successful designs to survive in the market and stay competitive. However, being in such a stressful work environment, any slip, or flaws during the design stages, particularly those related to manufacturing, can make design more vulnerable to fail. Therefore, the designer is in need of aiding means to guarantee minimizing and controlling these costly errors. Thus, this paper presents a new tool, called DesMod, to help the novice designers as well as the design students avoid such issues, as well as to save time, effort and cost. Through DesMod, the designer can assess the manufacturability of the design and receive design modification suggestions and feedback at early design stages. This can be achieved by simply importing 3D CAD models in STEP or IGES format within DesMod. Next, the design features can be recognized in a hybrid way, either automatically and/ or manually; then mapped to the corresponding database in the background. Any additional manufacturing-related information such as materials, surface quality, production volume, among others, can be also entered. Once information about the design is entered and mapped, the manufacturability assessment and the associated design modification suggestions can be generated and stored in PDF format. In this paper, the casting module of DesMod was tested with many designs ranging from simple to complex, and acceptable results were obtained.

Study of the Anatomical Structure of the Nasopharyngeal Cavity and Distribution of the Air Flow Field.

To build a biomechanical numerical model of the nasopharynx, construct an accurate computerized numerical description of its specific anatomical structures, analyze the distribution of air flow field, starting with the anatomical structure of the pharyngeal recess, correlate its anatomical characteristics with the occurrence and development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma from the perspective of biomechanics. In this study, the nasal and nasopharyngeal cavities of healthy male adult, with the pharyngeal recess in an open state, were scanned by CT to obtain DICOM imaging data. Then, they were imported into Mimics 20.0 to build a model which was recorded in binary STL format. Each file was imported into Geomagic studio 12.0 to construct a 3D model saved in an IGES format. Then, it was imported into ANSYS Workbench for numerical simulation of air flow field. The authors found that:Above all, the causes and pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma can be identified from the perspective of biomechanics through the construction of a 3D model and analysis of the characteristics of air flow field. With more in-depth research, it is expected that a more solid scientific foundation will be created for related quantitative analysis.

Comparative analysis of a human tooth using different materials based on the finite element method

This study deals with the biomechanical analysis of a human tooth using Finite Element Method (FEM). For the analysis, a three-dimensional (3D) CAD model of the human tooth is modelled from the online available tooth scanning data in dicom format, which is processed using ITK-Snap and Meshlab software to generate a file in iges format. The tooth’s CAD model in iges format is imported in a FEM based software called Ansys. The analysis is performed using five materials namely, natural tooth material, Gold, Zirconia, Commercially Pure Titanium (CP Ti) alloy, and Ceramics. All the five considered materials are analysed for the same boundary and compressive loading conditions. The resulting stresses and deformations are compared for the different considered materials.

Establishment of three-dimensional finite element model and biomechanical analysis of normal metacarpophalangeal joint

Objective To establish a precise three-dimensional finite element model of the second to fifth metacarpophalangeal joints to simulate the stress distribution of the second to fifth metacarpal and phalangeal bones under different loads. Methods A healthy male volunteer was selected to perform 64-slice spiral CT scanning on his right hand. The data were extracted by Mimics 17.0 software. The second to fifth metacarpal and phalangeal bones and cartilage joint models were reconstructed. After the model was modified and assembled, it was imported into Hypermesh 13.0 software in iges format for meshing, and the BDF format file was derived. Finally, the data were put into the MSC. Patran/Nastran2012 software. Ten, twenty, thirty, forty and fifty Newton loads were applied along the longitudinal direction of phalanges to analyze the stress distribution of metacarpal and phalangeal bones. Results A high-precision three-dimensional finite element model of metacarpophalangeal joints was established, with a total of 40 070 nodes and 178 903 tetrahedral elements. The solid element meshes were used for metacarpal and phalangeal bones and cartilage joints. With the increase of load, the peak stress of metacarpal and phalangeal bones ranges from 0.64 to 8.65 MPa, and the overall stress of the fourth metacarpal and phalangeal bone was significantly higher than that of other metacarpal and phalangeal bones, of which the third metacarpal and phalangeal bone suffered the least stress. Conclusion The finite element model established by Mimics and MSC. Patran/Nastran software has higher accuracy and can better simulate the biomechanical properties of metacarpophalangeal joints, which can be used in biomechanical analysis experiments. Key words: Metacarpophalangeal joint; Finite element analysis; Stress; Three-dimensional reconstruction; Digital orthopaedics

Analysis and Evaluation of Oil Well Riser with Different Exit Geometries Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFDs)

The exploration of large oil fields or wells in deep waters for crude oil and gas has generated immense challenges within the oil and gas industry that has caused remarkable developments in methods of optimizing production of oil and gas. This research work presents the analysis and evaluation of the flow dynamics of an exit riser configurations using computational fluid dynamics (CFDs). STAR-CCM+ computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool was employed in this research work. To model the flow in the exit configuration, the geometry of the exit configuration was created using CATIA. The CATIA model saves as IGES format were imported into the STAR CCM+ as regions with the one boundary per face setting, the one region per body setting was also selected and the sewing tolerance was set to 0.001. Four different exit configurations were analyzed for the single phase flow. The results obtained show that the flow in the exit configuration 3 converges faster. Also, from the pressure plot it is discovered that the pressure remained steady until it reaches the junction where a division of the flow occurs. The total pressure and the static pressure are low for exit 3 and lowest for exit 4. For companies where the computational cost is of paramount importance, exit 4 should be considered if oil-field problems and monitoring are done via CFD tools.

Release of RANKERN 16A

RANKERN 16 is the latest version of the point-kernel gamma radiation transport Monte Carlo code from AMEC Foster Wheeler’s ANSWERS Software Service. RANKERN is well established in the UK shielding community for radiation shielding and dosimetry assessments. Many important developments have been made available to users in this latest release of RANKERN. The existing general 3D geometry capability has been extended to include import of CAD files in the IGES format providing efficient full CAD modelling capability without geometric approximation. Import of tetrahedral mesh and polygon surface formats has also been provided. An efficient voxel geometry type has been added suitable for representing CT data. There have been numerous input syntax enhancements and an extended actinide gamma source library. This paper describes some of the new features and compares the performance of the new geometry capabilities.

STATIC ANALYSIS OF ALLOY WHEEL USING ANSYS15.0

Wheels are the main components of the car. The wheels with tires provide the better cushioning effect to the car. Without engine a car may be towed but at the same time a car cannot be towed without wheels. . The main requirement of the vehicle or automobile tires are it must be perfect to perform its all the functions. Reverse engineering is a good method to redesign the old component. The wheels have to pass different tests for best performance like static analysis, vibration analysis etc. In this project a wheel was considered for the analysis. During the part of the thesis project aluminium alloy was carried out for the FEA analysis. Design is an important manufacturing activity which provides the quality of the product. The 3-dimensional model of the alloy wheel was designed by using the technology reverse engineering. The 3-dimensional model was designed in the modelling software CATIA v5.and further it was imported to the ANSYS 15.0 by using IGES format. The finite element analysis of the model was meshed by using 10 node tetrahedron solid element. The static condition was chosen for the analysis. This was constrained in all degree of freedom at the bolt. The pressure was applied on the outer rim surface of the alloy wheel. In the analysis, the results of the equivalent stress, safety factor, and deformation were calculated. In this analysis the von-misses stress were below the yield strength. All the results which were analyzed are good for the design which was drawn by reverse engineering.

Optimization of Bogie Frame in Indian Railway

Our project was carried out at “Integeral Coach Factory Chennai” at shell division in shop no 21. Our project is entitled as Optimization of Bogie Frame in Indian Railway. The bogie frame is an important and integral member of bogie. The main purpose of the bogie frame is to withstand and/or transfer the various forces acting on it. Each coach under frame requires two Body frame. An attempt to optimize the current conventional sleeper bogie frame and to compare already optimized Fiat bogie frame with the conventional bogie frame is done in this project. Optimization of the conventional sleeper frames is done by making changes in their side structural member’s cross section. Currently the side member in conventional sleeper frames are in shape of I section, which has been converted into channel section. Fiat bogie frames are currently imported in India from Germany. In this project we are recommending the usage of the better bogie frame in keeping the view of increased safety. This comparison will be made by analyzing the behavior of the frames under static load conditions using analysis software. Modeling and analysis will be done using PRO-E and ANSYS respectively. Both the frame will be first modeled using modeling software PRO-E. The solid model will be then imported to ANSYS by saving the file in IGES format. Using the boundary and load conditions, finite element analysis will be done. The results obtained for the frames will be compared to find the optimized model. In total, by adopting better frame which give less deflection and less induced stress value, the safety and operation at higher speed can be insured in addition to reduction of weight that happen in case of Fiat frame.

VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF A TORPEDO BATTERY TRAY USING FEA

In this work the performance evaluation of vibration analysis on the battery tray is carried out and checked for sustainability under severe operating conditions using finite element analysis. The battery tray consists of cells and electrical wiring which is used for the torpedo’s battery backup, which requires stability under sailing. The battery tray is modeled with Pro Engineer software. This model in IGES format is imported to HYPERMESH version V11 for development of converged mesh. The meshed file is then imported to ANSYS V14 and the analysis is performed. The shock and vibration on the tray is performed with the input parameters such as g loads, frequency and acceleration/amplitude’s then static, modal and harmonic analysis results obtained from the ANSYS FEA software is compared with that of experimental predictions.

Integration of topology optimized designs into CAD/CAM via an IGES translator

In this paper we present a software tool that converts any two-dimensional black and white image into a CAD/CAM file in IGES format. It can be used to integrate topology optimization into CAD/CAM manufacturing systems, and that is indeed the main motivation of the work. The software is very versatile and allows to solve the interoperability issue between numeric is the IGES translator code lacking in most used numerical computation software packages.

Automatic Creation of Blending Surfaces in Hydropower Generators Turbine Blades

Hydropower generators turbine blade is a one of kind product that requires specific maintenance. They are designed in very specific software tools based on features, which allow good CAD/CAE automation by simply tweaking parameters. However, such CAD/CAE automation has brought an undesired side effect: it's hard to add new features that are not considered in the original CAD. Specially in simulation-optimization applications, where parameters that are not considered in the design must be modified. This is the case in this work, where fluid-structure analysis is performed and a geometric feature that transcend the design activity (blending surface between the crown and the blade) is modified. This paper describes an ongoing project which involves the implementation of a module able to intercept the geometry generated by a CAD program using the IGES format, create/modify a new geometric feature and update the fluid volume and blade geometries. The surface boundary curves are extracted, and the adjacency relationship between the surfaces is determined by coordinate numerical comparison. The surfaces are coherently oriented and the solid models are completely determined. Using the de Boor's algorithm and the surface orientation a model with exclusive triangular faces coherently oriented is created, and then the blending surface is automatically created. The refined mesh for the models are created and fluid-structure analysis is performed for the simulation-optimization.

A feature-based approach to an integrated CAD/CAPP system in sheet metal blanking dies

Computer–aided process planning (CAPP) is considered to be the bridge that links computer–aided design (CAD) and computer–aided manufacturing (CAM). This paper describes a new approach to introduce computer–aided process planning into sheet metal blanking dies industry. The proposed system consists of two modules which are the CAD module and CAPP module. The first module is capable of reading 2D drawings of sheet metal parts provided by AutoCAD software, extracting geometric data from the drawings, building a die geometry that would produce the sheet metal part, and producing solid models of each die component. The second module receives the 3D blanking die components in IGES format and applies an intelligent feature extraction methodology in order to extract their manufacturing characteristics and produce a machining plan for each component. The proposed system is limited to prismatic die components. Finally, a case study is presented for demonstration purposes.

Establishment of sequential software processing for a biomechanical model of mandibular reconstruction with custom-made plate

The aim of this study is to describe the sequential software processing of computed tomography (CT) dataset for reconstructing the finite element analysis (FEA) mandibular model with custom-made plate, and to provide a theoretical basis for clinical usage of this reconstruction method. A CT scan was done on one patient who had mandibular continuity defects. This CT dataset in DICOM format was imported into Mimics 10.0 software in which a three-dimensional (3-D) model of the facial skeleton was reconstructed and the mandible was segmented out. With Geomagic Studio 11.0, one custom-made plate and nine virtual screws were designed. All parts of the reconstructed mandible were converted into NURBS and saved as IGES format for importing into pro/E 4.0. After Boolean operation and assembly, the model was switched to ANSYS Workbench 12.0. Finally, after applying the boundary conditions and material properties, an analysis was performed. As results, a 3-D FEA model was successfully developed using the softwares above. The stress-strain distribution precisely indicated biomechanical performance of the reconstructed mandible on the normal occlusion load, without stress concentrated areas. The Von-Mises stress in all parts of the model, from the maximum value of 50.9MPa to the minimum value of 0.1MPa, was lower than the ultimate tensile strength. In conclusion, the described strategy could speedily and successfully produce a biomechanical model of a reconstructed mandible with custom-made plate. Using this FEA foundation, the custom-made plate may be improved for an optimal clinical outcome.

Fixture and Setup Planning and Fixture Configuration System

By automating the tasks of the fixture design and configuration we can save considerable time, and spare the process engineer from a tiresome work. In this paper a system is introduced that gives us recommendations on the number and the order of the needed setups, and proposals on the appropriate fixtures needed at machining a given workpiece. The input data are the CAD model of the workpiece saved in IGES format, and the technological requirements. The output data are the CAD models of the needed fixtures.

Dynamic Simulation of a Connecting Rod made of Aluminium Alloy using Finite Element Analysis Approach

In this paper a Dynamic simulation was conducted on a Connecting Rod made of Aluminium Alloy using Finite Element Analysis. The Connecting Rod is one of the important part of an engine. In this task, connecting rod of the single cylinder four stroke diesel engine is used. After measurements were taken, connecting rods were drawn using CATIA software and saved in 'IGES' format. Then, the drawing of connecting rod (IGES format) imported into ANSYS software. In this analysis of Connecting Rod was performed under Dynamic load for Stress analysis, and optimization. The pressure-volume diagram was used to calculate the load boundary condition in dynamic simulation model, and other simulation inputs were taken from the engine Specification chart. The data obtained at engine run were plotted on graph by Enginesoft Software. The maximum deformation, maximum stress point and dangerous areas are found by the stress analysis of Connecting Rod. This analysis uses a different mesh. It aims to get more precise results. The relationship between the stress and the nodal displacement is explained by the modal analysis of Connecting Rod. The results would provide a valuable theoretical foundation for the optimization and improvement of Engine Design. Dynamic load analysis was performed to determine the in service loading of the connecting rod and FEA was conducted to find stresses at critical locations. Keywords: Connecting Rod, Aluminium alloy, Enginesoft, CATIA V5R18, FEA, ANSYS 13.0.

Fatigue Analysis of Aluminum Alloy Wheel Under Radial Load

In this paper a detailed “Fatigue Analysis of Aluminum Alloy Wheel under Radial Load”. During the part of project a static and fatigue analysis of aluminum alloy wheel A356.2 was carried out using FEA package. The 3 dimensional model of the wheel was designed using CATIA. Then the 3-D model was imported into ANSYS using the IGES format. The finite element idealization of this modal was then produced using the 10 node tetrahedron solid element. The analysis was performed in a static condition. This is constrained in all degree of freedom at the PCD and hub portion. The pressure is applied on the rim. We find out the total deformation, alternative stress and shear stress by using FEA software. And also we find out the life, safety factor and damage of alloy wheel by using S-N curve. S-N curve is input for a A.356.2 material.