IGBT Inverter Research Articles

Hybrid renewable energy system with minimum noise wind turbine

In this study, a photovoltaic-wind hybrid renewable energy system has been examined and analyzed, with concentration on wind turbine to minimize generated noise. Mechanical and electrical analyses were performed. Harmonic electrical analysis on the wind turbine generator and electronic devices within the conversion system was conducted to get better performance. Mechanical vibration analysis was also done on selected wind turbine to estimate the forces and frequencies that may affect the blade during operation and cause noise and disturbance effects.It was found that Harmonics and total Harmonic Distortion were minimized after implementing an AC/DC/AC conversion system consisting of a diode full wave rectifier and an LC filter to stabilize the DC bus. Finally IGBT inverter was used to convert the DC signal into AC output signal with a useful frequency of 50 Hz after reshaping. The total harmonic distortion was minimized to 2.81%, less than the IEEE standards of 5% of the fundamental current frequency.Furthermore, it was also found that according to suggested arrangement of the hybrid system in this study, the blade of the proposed wind turbine, if operated even under its natural frequencies, its performance will be slightly affected resulting in minimized resonance effect.

Uneven temperature effect evaluation in high-power IGBT inverter legs and relative test platform design

This paper presents a high-power IGBT testing platform for uneven temperature conditions and its design criteria. Considering the influence of layout parasitic parameters on the measurement results, commutation rules and independent junction temperature control, a universal high-power switching characterization platform is built and operated. Importantly, it is capable of 3.6kA current level test requirement, which can cover the largest current level for the state-of-the-art IGBT modules. To improve the test accuracy of double pulse test method, a compensation algorithm is proposed to eliminate the circuit power loss under high current test conditions. Moreover, in order to simulate the uneven junction temperature effects occurring in real life, the junction temperatures of inspected IGBT and freewheeling diode are controlled independently. Quantitative analyses of the switching characteristics for junction temperatures up to 125°C are performed.

The IGBT Losses Analysis and Calculation of Inverter for Two-seat Electric Aircraft Application

This paper presented a parabola interpolation method to calculate the inverter IGBT losses, diode conduction losses, switching losses, total losses and efficiency. The method used parabola interpolation to fit the losses characteristic curves instead of linear approximation. A test platform for the two-seat electric aircraft inverter was set up, and the efficiency was tested. The efficiency was 95.13% at the current of 68.31 A and 93.42% at the current of 97.41 A. The errors between calculation and tested results were 3.3% and 3.9%, respectively. The errors both in the range of 4% verified a good agreement with experimental values and affirmed the accuracy of the parabola interpolation method.

Control of a multilevel frequency converter of a power-efficient electric drive

The paper is devoted to an investigation of the control algorithms of a high-voltage electric drive, the converting part of which is represented by the well-known multilevel Series Connected H-Bridge Voltage Source Converter (SCHB VSC) topology. The control algorithm in the framework of the method forming a Space Vector Pulse-Width Modulation (SPWM) is based on the known principle of choosing the three nearest vectors on the voltage diagram of the converter and calculation of the durations of their switching per modulation cycle. A technique that is the same for all converters of creation of a switching algorithm of power valves based on this principle was proposed. The technique uses the principle of a “centered” SPWM with minimization of switching component of the losses in IGBT inverters of the converter cells. The technique of uniform distribution of the switching load by the cells in the phases of the converter and the method of estimation of the power efficient of a high-voltage electric drive and comparison of SPWM based on the results of the computer modeling were proposed. Results of the integrated simulating and modeling test of a 17-level SCHB VSC composed of a high-voltage variable-frequency electric drive, showing a decrease in the total power losses in the power modules of the converter with a modulator of the developed structure of the space-vector PWM by 43–46% compared to the traditional algorithm of sinusoidal PWM, were obtained.

Quantitative Analysis of Efficiency Improvement of a Propulsion Drive by Using SiC Devices: A Case of Study

One of the emerging research topics in the propulsion drive of the electric vehicles is the improvement in the efficiency of its component parts, namely, the propulsion motor and the associated inverter. This paper is focused on the efficiency of the inverter and analyzes the improvement that follows from the replacement of the silicon (Si) IGBT devices with silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs. To this end, the paper starts by deriving the voltage-current solicitations of the inverter over the working torque-speed plane of the propulsion motor. Then, a proper model of the power losses in the inverter over a supply period of the motor is formulated for the two types of device, including the integrated freewheeling diode. By putting together the voltage-current solicitations and the device power losses, the efficiency maps of the Si IGBT and SiC MOSFET inverters are calculated and compared over the torque-speed plane. The results for the Si IGBT inverter are supported by measurements executed on a marketed C-segment compact electric car, while the SiC MOSFET loss model is validated by an on-purpose built test bench. Finally, the overall efficiency of the propulsion drive is calculated by accounting for the motor efficiency. Main outcomes of the paper is a quantitative evaluation of both the improvement in the efficiency achievable with the SiC MOSFETs and the ensuing increase in the electric car range.

The impact of sampling frequency and amplitude modulation index on low order harmonics in a 3-phase SV-PVM voltage source inverter

Nowadays, variable speed AC motors are widely used in industry and there are many speed adjustment techniques available. In the last decade there has been a trend towards the use of space vector PWM--IGBT inverters, due to easier digital realization and better utilization of the DC bus. Every power inverter produces a total harmonic distortion (THD) on its output that causes extra losses in stator of induction motors. By eliminating a number of low order voltage/current harmonics it is possible to reduce harmonic losses (stator losses) and mechanical oscillations in general. This could be achieved by implementing filters in the output of inverters or by applying a modern modulation technique such as space vector pulse width modulation (SV-PWM). The objective of this paper is focused on using general techniques of SV-PWM in 2-level 3-phase voltage source inverters for inductive load tempting to eliminate the low order voltage/current harmonics, by varying sampling frequency and amplitude modulation index, without using filters.

Comparative Analysis of Shunt Active Filter with PI controller and ANN based Controller

Improving power quality has been the major research topic in last few decades due to flooding of semiconductor and other non-linear devices. The power quality of any source is determined by some indexes defined by international bodies such as harmonics factor, telephonic interference level (TIF) etc. Use different harmonic compensation schemes we must be able to meet those index limits. Power filters are widely used in modern electrical distribution systems to eliminate harmonic associated with it. The most popular technique that has been used is Active Power Filter (APF); The APF needs an accurate control algorithm that provides robust performance under source and load unbalances thus, compensation of harmonics depends largely on the algorithm adopted. In this work both PI and ANN controller are used in threephase shunt active power filter to compensate harmonics and reactive power produces by nonlinear loads to improve power quality is implemented for three-phase three wire systems. PI and ANN-based technique is implemented in shunt active power filters depending on the requirement of one of the controller, used to produce controlled pulses required for IGBT inverter. The MATLAB program has been developed to simulate system operation. Various simulation results are presented in steady state condition and performance of PI and ANN controllers is compared. Simulation result obtained shows that performance of ANN controller found is better than PI controller.

High performance digital current control in three phase electrical drives

Majority of contemporary static power converters makes use of three-phase, PWM controlled IGBT inverters. Typical applications include the electrical drives and grid connected converters. In both cases, it is of uttermost importance to obtain a high bandwidth control of the output current. The bandwidth is constrained by the problems of the feedback acquisition. The current ripple at the PWM frequency requires anti-aliasing measures that introduce delays, reduce the stability margin and restrain the bandwidth. We propose the feedback acquisition method which is robust against the ripple and noise, and minimizes delays. We also devise the current controller with control actions which suppress the effects of the delays. Proposed parameter setting procedures meet both the bandwidth requirements and the robustness against the noise and the parameter changes. Experimental verification proves that the proposed current controller achieves the response speed and the robustness against the noise which outperforms the competitive solutions.

Modeling and Control Strategy for Variable Speed Wind Turbine Using Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator

This paper proposes an optimized model and control strategy for variable speed wind turbine using permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). Models and equations that describe different components of the wind energy conversion system (WECS) are addressed and their implementations into PSCAD/EMTDC are described. There are different types of synchronous generators, but the PMSG is chosen. It offers better performance due to higher efficiency and less maintenance since it does not need external DC source and can be used without a gearbox, which also implies a reduction of the weight of the nacelle and a reduction of costs. For the better performance, in this model two level IGBT converter and three level IGBT inverter set has been used associated with the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system.Simulation results show that the controllers can extract maximum power and regulate the voltage and frequency under varying wind and load conditions. The controller shows very good dynamic, steady state and transient performance.

Stand-Alone Power Systems with IGBT Inverter

This article is an overview of research in fault diagnosis, detection, and reconfiguration. The review particularly focuses on power electronic applications and drives. Diagnostics of systems with conventional inverter drives (CID) is considered because knowledge of fault diagnosis in CIDs can be used for application in other inverter drive topologies; therefore, several techniques of fault diagnosis and reconfiguration in CIDs are analyzed.

Energy Analysis of a Real Grid Connected Lithium Battery Energy Storage System

Today, in the grid there are more and more installation of renewable energy plants. The renewable sources are so discontinues and they may affect the stability and efficiency of the grid. Many distribution service operators are experimenting the battery energy storage systems (BESSs) to integrate them on the grid and resolve these problems. This paper analyses the energy performance under real conditions of a BESS prototype. The real BESS under focus has made by a lithium battery pack of 16 kWh, a DC/DC converter of 20 kW and an IGBT inverter of 30 kVA with a direct voltage bus of 600 V. The energy analysis has been performed through an integrated data acquisition system that take data from on-board electronic diagnostic measurements and from smart metering data. This latter using remote devices. The tests have been carried out on the system to monitor the following characteristic parameters: current and voltage of the batteries, current and voltage of the grid and current and voltage of the auxiliaries. The system energy performances have been analyzed in dynamic and real conditions with particular reference to the following quantities: energy consumption for the auxiliary system and overall efficiency of the system in a distributed energy resources microgrid. The entire system has been analyzed until twenty-four hours.

A Fault-Tolerant Three-Phase Adjustable Speed Drive Topology With Active Common-Mode Voltage Suppression

A fault-tolerant adjustable speed drive (ASD) topology is introduced in this paper. A conventional ASD topology is modified to address: 1) drive vulnerability to semiconductor device faults; 2) input voltage sags; 3) motor vulnerability to effects of long leads; and 4) minimization of common-mode (CM) voltage applied to the motor terminals. These objectives are attained by inclusion of an auxiliary IGBT inverter leg, three auxiliary diodes, and isolation-reconfiguration circuit. The design and operation of the proposed topology modifications are described for different modes: 1) fault mode, 2) active CM suppression mode, and 3) auxiliary sag compensation (ASC) mode. In case of fault and sag, the isolation and hardware reconfiguration are performed in a controlled manner using triacs/antiparallel thyristors. In normal operation, the auxiliary leg is controlled to actively suppress CM voltage. For inverter IGBT failures (short circuit and open circuit), the auxiliary leg is used as a redundant leg. During voltage sags, the auxiliary leg, along with auxiliary diodes, is operated as a boost converter. A current-shaping control strategy is proposed for the ASC mode. A detailed analysis of CM performance of the proposed topology is provided, and a new figure of merit, CM distortion ratio (CMDR), is introduced to compare the attenuation of CM voltage with that of a conventional ASD topology. The output filter design procedure is outlined. A design example is presented for an 80 kW ASD system, and simulation results validate the proposed auxiliary leg based fault-tolerant scheme. Experimental results from a scaled prototype rated at 1 hp are discussed in this paper.

120kW급 IGBT 인버터의 열 응답 특성 실시간 모델

Abstract >> As the power electronics system increases the frequency, the power loss and thermal management are paid more attention. This research presents a real time model of dissipation power with junction temperature response for 120kw IGBT inverter which is applied to the thermal management of high power IGBT inverter.Since the computational time is critical for real time simulation, look-up tables of IGBT module characteristiccurve are implemented. The power loss from IGBT provides a clue to calculate the temperature of each module of IGBT. In this study, temperature of each layer in IGBT is predicted by lumped capacitance analysis of layerswith convective heat transfer. The power loss and temperature of layers in IGBT is then communicated due to mutual dependence. In the dynamic model, PWM pulses are employed to calculation real time IGBT and diode power loss. Under Matlab/Simulink ® environment, the dynamic model is validated with experiment. Results showedthat the dynamic response of power loss is closely coupled with effective thermal management. The convective heat transfer is enough to achieve proper thermal management under guideline temperature.

Power Quality Improvement in Distribution System using ANN Based Shunt Active Power Filter

<p>This paper focuses on an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) controller based Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) for mitigating the harmonics of the distribution system. To increase the performance of the conventional controller and take advantage of smart controllers, a feed forward-type (trained by a back propagation algorithm) ANN-based technique is implemented in shunt active power filters for producing the controlled pulses required for IGBT inverter. The proposed approach mainly work on the principle of capacitor energy to maintain the DC link voltage of a shunt connected filter and thus reduces the transient response time when there is abrupt variation in the load. The entire power system block set model of the proposed scheme has been developed in MATLAB environment. Simulations are carried out by using MATLAB, it is noticed that the %THD is reduced to 2.27% from 29.71% by ANN controlled filter. The simulated experimental results also show that the novel control method is not only easy to be computed and implemented, but also very successful in reducing harmonics.</p><p> </p>

사파이어 실리콘 결정 성장용 80kW 10kA PWM 컨버터 시스템 개발

This paper is research result for a development of sapphire silicon ingot glowing(SSIG) PWM converter system for 80kW 10kA. The system include 3-phase AC-DC diode rectifier of input voltage AC 380V and 60Hz, DC-AC single phase full bridge PWM inverter of high frequency, AC-DC single-phase full wave rectifier using center-tapped of transformer for low voltage 8.0V and large current 10,000A of output specification, tungsten resistor load 0.1[㏁]. PWM switching frequency for IGBT inverter control set 30kHz. The suggested researching contents are designed data sheets of power converter system, PSIM simulation, operating characteristics and analysis results of developed SSIG system. This paper propose

태양전지 실리콘 결정 성장용 120kW 3kA PWM 컨버터 시스템 개발

This paper is research result for a development of solar cell silicon ingot glowing(SCSIG) PWM converter system for 120[kW] 3[kA]. The system include 3-phase AC-DC rectifier diode converter of input voltage AC 460[V] and 60[Hz], DC-AC single phase full bridge PWM inverter of high frequency, AC-DC single-phase full wave rectifier using center-tapped of transformer for low voltage 50[V] and large current 3,000[A], carbon resistor load 0.2[mΩ]. PWM switching frequency for IGBT inverter control set 15KHz. The suggested researching contents are designed data sheets of power converter system, PSIM simulation, operating characteristics and analysis results of developed SCSIG system.

Novel Scheme to Improve Power Factor of Slip Energy Recovery Drive by Selective Harmonic Elimination

Abstract In this paper, the harmonic analysis of inverter voltage of a slip energy recovery drive (SERD) is carried out and proposes a novel approach to improve the supply side power factor of the overall drive system. The proposed model is a self-commutated SERD using IGBT inverter, and a modulation technique called selective harmonic elimination (SHE) is applied to improve the supply side power factor. The complete solutions for switching patterns to eliminate the fifth and seventh harmonics are developed using genetic algorithm. SHE method is simulated in semi-open-loop mode, and the power factor of the drive is compared with conventional line commutated thyristor inverter-based SERD. Simulations have been carried out in Matlab/Simulink environment to predetermine the performance of the drive, and results show a significant improvement in the input power factor of the drive.

10KW/100KHZ High Frequency Induction Heating Power Supply Design

TMS320F2812 was taken as the main controlling chip, MOSFET was taken as the inverter switching device and IGBT was taken as the chopper switching device in the system. This paper introduced the main topology circuit design and circuit components selection.In the process of heating, double-closed loop control strategy fuzzy and DPLL (Digital Phase Locked Loop) was adopted. The simulation model of induction heating power system was built in SIMULINK platform. The simulation results indicate that the load frequency automatic tracking and closed-loop power control are realized. The time to steady output is about 0.1ms. Finally, built the 10kW/100kHZ induction heating power supply experimental platform, As can be seen from the experimental waveforms, the equivalent impedance of the load can always be weakly perceptual state.

Differential Mode Modeling of PMSM for High Frequencies and Harmonic Pulses Calculation

AbstractThis work proposes and analyses a model for a cable and permanent magnet synchronous motor to deal with high frequency differential mode components due to IGBT inverter systems. The model permits the study of the differential mode effects separately in the rotor reference frame. The experimental measurements show that the motor differential mode stray capacitances are functions of rotor position. The simulation results of the proposed differential mode circuits, together with the experimental results, show that the level of the differential mode noise currents is of significant value that cannot be ignored. The flow of some differential mode currents in the motor stator windings may contribute to torque pulsations which, require EMI noise filters to be used.

Optimal PI controller design for active power in grid-connected SOFC DG system

This paper is concerned with optimal control of grid-connected solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack based on a model developed and validated in the literature. Recent studies have shown that control of SOFC is challenging due to its slow dynamics and firm operating limits. For an SOFC, while the primary objective is to supply the demand active power, it is crucial to operate fuel cell within its safe operating constraints. In order to meet these requirements, a proper control strategy is developed in this study. This control strategy employs an optimal robust PI controller to control active power of the plant and at the same time satisfies physical and operating constraints via employing two proportional-gained controllers, of fuel utilization factor controller and anode–cathode pressure difference controller in such a way to maintain the fuel utilization factor at its optimal value of 85% and also keep pressure difference between anode and cathode within the safe bound of 0–0.08atm under transient conditions. A distributed generation (DG) system including an SOFC stack connected to the power grid through an IGBT inverter is implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK™ environment. Moreover, dynamics of fuel processor are included. In addition, differential evolution (DE) algorithm evaluated by integral of time multiplied by absolute error (ITAE) criterion is used to search for optimal values of PI controller parameters. Dynamics of the DG system are analyzed for the cases of conventional and proposed PI controllers under different load changes and short circuit condition to verify the performance of proposed PI controller. Simulation results show that the proposed controller can provide satisfactory performance for load changes and short circuit condition at the cost of keeping the SOFC performance beyond its operating constraints.