IDF Criteria Research Articles

Metabolic Syndrome, Homocysteine and uric acid in patients with obesity; experience from Obesity and Work Centre

BACKGROUND: Uric acid (UA) and homocysteine (HCys) are involved in cardiovascular diseases. Patients with obesity (PwO) are characterized by elevated cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between HCys and UA concentrations in 1141 overweight patients and PwO with and without metabolic syndrome (MS). METHODS: MS was defined according to IDF criteria (2005). Anthropometric data were recorded and blood biochemical parameters were assessed with routine methods on fasting blood samples. Statistics: Spearman correlation and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Gender, obesity and MS influenced both UA and HCys levels, which were increased in males, MS patients, PwO with MS and positively correlated (p < 0.001). Patients without MS had normal or slightly high levels. Hypertension, hyperuricemia and hyperhomocysteinemia were found in PwO with MS. UA concentration correlated with systolic blood pressure, triglycerides and HDL (all p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that HCys concentration was an independent determinant factor affecting UA levels (T value 3.5, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: HCys and UA levels positively and significantly correlated in PwO, especially in those with MS. The significant correlation between UA and hypertension, triglycerides, HDL suggests the clinical usefulness of monitoring UA together with HCys concentrations as cardiovascular risk marker in these patients.

К вопросу оценки сердечно-сосудистого риска у больных первичной хронической подагрой в сочетании с метаболическим синдромом

Цель исследования: изучить частоту метаболического синдрома (МС) и оценить суммарный сердечно­сосудистый риск у больных с первичной хронической подагрой в зависимости от наличия МС. Материалы и методы. Обследованы 82 больных с первичной хронической подагрой, диагностированной с учетом квалификационных критериев S.І. Wallаsе и соавт. В основную группу вошли больные подагрой с МС (n = 52), которые составили 63,4 % всех обследованных. МС диагностировали по критериям IDF. Группу сравнения составили больные МС, репрезентативные по полу и возрасту (n = 46). Проведено клиническое (антропометрические параметры, артериальное давление) и лабораторное обследование (уровень гликемии натощак, мочевой кислоты, липидограмма, пероральный тест толерантности к глюкозе), учтено наличие в анамнезе сердечно­сосудистых заболеваний и их осложнений, оценен сердечно­сосудистый риск по шкалам SCORE и PROCAM. Результаты. Частота ожирения в исследуемых группах составила 65,4 и 63,0 % соответственно. Частота дополнительных критериев МС была высокой в обеих исследуемых группах. Артериальная гипертензия и гипертриглицеридемия одинаково часто диагностировались у больных с МС независимо от наличия подагрического артрита (р < 0,001). Как минимум один дополнительный критерий МС выявлялся у всех обследуемых. У 28,8 % больных основной группы и у 4,3 % пациентов группы сравнения диагностированы все пять дополнительных критериев МС (р < 0,01). У больных основной группы чаще, чем в группе сравнения, выявляли более трех дополнительных критериев МС — 51,9 и 30,4% соответственно (р < 0,01). Суммарный сердечно­сосудистый риск по шкалам SCORE и PROCAM у больных основной группы был значимо выше, чем в группе сравнения (р < 0,05 и р < 0,01 соответственно). Выводы. МС диагностировали у 63,4 % больных с первичной хронической подагрой. Больные с первичной хронической подагрой в сочетании с МС имеют более высокий суммарный сердечно­сосудистый риск по шкалам SCORE и PROCAM в сравнении с больными с МС. Оценка критериев МС наряду с оценкой сердечно­сосудистого риска может быть использована в рутинной клинической практике для стратификации больных с первичной хронической подагрой, нуждающихся в модификации образа жизни и/или дифференцированных подходах к медикаментозному лечению.

Effects of metabolic syndrome on pulmonary function tests

Background: Metabolic syndrome is defined as at least three of the five following medical conditions: central obesity(mandatory), high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high serum triglycerides, and low serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL). It has been shown that obesity causes physiological impairment in respiratory system.Methods: In this observational cross sectional study, 60 patients who fulfilled the IDF criteria for metabolic syndrome were included after applying the exclusion criteria and were subjected to spirometry.Results: Most of the patients had a restrictive pattern (43.3%) (n=26). 33.3% (n=20) of the patients had a mixed pattern while 16.7% (n=10) of the patients had a normal picture. Only 6.7% (n=4) of the patients had an obstructive pattern (p<0.001). Mean value of FEV1 had no correlation with increasing number of components of metabolic syndrome whereas mean value of FVC showed a decreasing trend with increasing number of components of metabolic syndrome. Mean FEV1 of the patients was significantly higher in males (1.82±0.71 L) than females (1.24±0.42 L) (p 0.007). Similarly, the mean FVC was significantly higher in males as compared to females. Mean FVC was 2.45 (±0.86) L in males while females had a mean FVC of 1.65 (±0.49) L (p 0.002).Conclusions: In conclusion, Patients with metabolic syndrome have significant impairment of the pulmonary function with restrictive pattern being the most common one.

AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY TO MAGNITUDE OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME IN THE DEPARTMENT OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, SMS MEDICAL COLLEGE, JAIPUR

Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a multisystem endocrinopathy of reproductive age women with metabolic disturbances. The Rotterdam consensus workshop concluded that PCOS is a syndrome of ovarian dysfunction along with hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary morphology. Objective: To find out the proportion of metabolic syndrome using the IDF criteria in women with PCOS. Methodology: A hospital based descriptive study done over the period of one year. on the basis of the eligibility criteria 100 participants were finally got enrolled for the present study. Hyperandrogenism is assessed by Ferriman-Gallawey score >8 and insulin resistance by acanthosis nigricans. Statistical analysis don by using Medcalc 16.4 version software. Result; 48.% cases were from 26-30 Years age group (P<0.005). 87.00% cases were from class IV socio-economic status (p<0.005) The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 34 % in PCOS cases. Total cholesterol level, HDL, LDL and TG in metabolic syndromic patients was significantly higher than non-metabolic syndrome patients Conclusions: Despite treating the infertility and menstrual complaints of the PCOS patients, take it as an opportunity to screen for metabolic syndrome and advice on healthy diet, life style modification. Keywords: MBS, Total Cholesterol , Rotterdam Consensus , Ferriman-Gallawey Score , IDF Criteria

Body impedance analyzer and anthropometric indicators; predictors of metabolic syndrome.

AimMetabolic syndrome is one of the outcomes of a sedentary lifestyle in the modern world. In this study, we want to introduce the predictors of metabolic syndrome using anthropometric indices and Bio-Electrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) test values.MethodThis cross-sectional study was performed on 2284 employees of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in different job categories. Metabolic syndrome was determined according to IDF criteria. Anthropometric dimensions, para-clinical tests, basic information were collected from the participants. Also, the body analysis of the participants was performed using a BIA method.ResultThe prevalence of metabolic syndrome in this study was 23.2% based on IDF criteria, which was 21% and 26.6% in men and women, respectively. The most important factor among the components of IDF criteria was HDL deficiency. In this study, neck circumference, fat mass, visceral fat, muscle mass percentage and waist to height ratio were observed as predictors of metabolic syndrome.ConclusionThis study realized that there is association between fat mass, fat-free mass, visceral fat and muscle mass which all are some elements of body composition analysis and metabolic syndrome as a major health issue.

Metabolic Abnormalities in a Cohort of Overweight and Obese Children in an Urban Setting of Sri Lanka.

Childhood obesity-related metabolic derangements are increasing among South Asian populations. Most of these changes persist to adulthood. This study aims to describe the distribution of metabolic abnormalities among 7- to 17-year-old overweight and obese children in the Gampaha District of Sri Lanka. Overweight children (age- and gender-adapted BMI>+1SD, WHO standards) were selected from a community survey carried out in the Negombo Education Zone of Gampaha District. After a 12-hour overnight fast, blood was drawn, and blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile, insulin, and liver transaminases were measured. Two hours after a glucose load, blood was drawn for random blood glucose (RBG) and insulin. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was diagnosed using modified IDF criteria for children. Anthropometry, fat mass (FM), and blood pressure were measured. Hepatic fat pattern was assessed ultrasonically. The data of 403 children (210 boys) were analysed. Of the study population, 16.4% were overweight (BMI for age +1 to +2SD), 72% were obese (BMI for age >+2 to +3SD), and 11.6% were severely obese (BMI for age >+3SD). Insulin resistance was seen in 46.8%, and prevalence increased with age. Mean postprandial insulin ranged from 368 to 625 pmol/L and was elevated in 35%. Dysglycaemia was seen among 20.8%. MetS was present in 19.8%, and 84% had at least one metabolic abnormality. Different degrees of hepatic steatosis were observed in 32.5%, and elevated ALT/AST ratio was seen in 58% of the population. Overweight and obesity during childhood were associated with multiple metabolic abnormalities including MetS, and they occur from a young age. It is important to screen children for overweight/obesity early in life and intervene to prevent them from developing metabolic complications.

ASSOCIATION OF HBA1C AND NEUTROPHIL LYMPHOCYTE RATIO WITH NORMAL-TENSION GLAUCOMA IN METABOLIC SYNDROME AND OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA RISK PATIENTS

Background: Normal-Tension_Glaucoma (NTG) is an eye disease and characterize with low intraocular pressure (IOP) levels. In population-based settings, the diagnose of glaucoma is based on the IOP levels of 21 mmHg, and its usually delayed. A recent study HbA1c levels could lead to IOP changes. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) result oxidative stress that results an altered function of neutrophil in patients with NTG. Objective: To_evaluate the association of HbA1c, Netrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio_(NLR) toward NTG as its novel early detection. Methods: This study divided into two groups consisted of Metabolic Syndrome ( MS) + OSA without eye disorder as control (15 subjects) and MS + OSA + NTG patients (14 subjects). IDF criteria was used to established MS, and risk of OSA determined by STOP-BANG Questionnaire. The diagnosis of NTG was confirmed by normal IOP measured by Tonopen. Mean Defect (MD) of visual field evaluated by Automated Humphrey Perimetry, Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) established by OCT. HbA1c measured by ELISA and NLR by flowcytometry. Statistical analysis consisted of comparison and correlation test Results: The ratio of CD was significantly higher in NTG patients (0.54 ± 0.13) compared to control (0.26 ± 0.07; p&lt;0.001). MD was also higher in subjects with NTG (6.80 ± 3.90) compared to control (4.97 ± 2.28; p=0.134). Mean RNFL was lower in subjects with NTG (87.95 ± 28.29) compared to control (95.07 ± 26.66; p=0.035). Positive correlation between HbA1C-MD (r = 0.456, p = 0.013) and NLR-RNFL thinning (r = 0.525, p = 0.003) was existed in Metabolic Syndrome (MS) patients. Conclusion: Patients with MS and OSA risk have an increased risk of NTG. A novel association between Hba1C levels, NLR and NTG was also identified.

Cutoff Point of TyG Index for Metabolic Syndrome in Brazilian Farmers

ObjectivesThe determination of Insulin Resistance (IR) requires sophisticated and costly methods, for this reason the TyG Index was proposed. However, there are still no studies in Brazil using Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) as a predictor of IR. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the cutoff point for TyG as one of the indirect indices for MetS in a rural Brazilian population. MethodsCross-sectional observational epidemiological study conducted in a rural municipality in Brazil. The study population were 790 adult family farmers. The TyG index was calculated: Ln [fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) x fasting glycemia (mg/dL)]/2, and MetS was defined using the NCEP-ATPIII and IDF criteria. To describe the study variables, measures of central tendency and dispersion measures were used. For association analysis, the Mann-Whitney U test was used and the comparison between means was made using the Kruskal-Wallis test. For correlations, Spearman’s correlation test was used. The cutoff values of TyG Index for MetS were obtained using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis with the area under the curve (AUC) and the Youden Index. ResultsThe median TyG values were higher among individuals diagnosed with MetS (P < 0.001), and increased according to the aggregation of the components of MetS. All MetS components were correlated with TyG (P < 0.001). The AUC for NCEP was 0.873 (0.848–0.896; P < 0.001), with Youden’s cutoff point of Ln 4.52 (sensitivity: 84.30%; specificity: 75.75%). The AUC for IDF was 0.867 (0.842–0.890; P < 0.001), with Youden’s cutoff point of Ln 4.55 (sensitivity: 80.0%; specificity: 79.82%). A cutoff point of Ln 4.52 was defined. ConclusionsThe TyG Index is a reliable marker for identifying insulin-resistant individuals, and correlates with the metabolic changes present in MetS. A cutoff point of Ln 4,52 has good sensitivity and specificity in both diagnostic criteria of MetS, being useful both in clinical practice and epidemiological studies, and can represent an important tool for the creation of protocols for promotion, protection and recovery health of rural populations. Funding SourcesResearch Program of the Unified Health System (PPSUS), through the notice FAPES/CNPq/Decit-SCTIE-MS/SESA No. 05/2015 – PPSUS.

Independent Effects of Metabolic Syndrome and Air Pollution (PM2.5) on Atherosclerosis in Modernizing China

Background: Air Pollution (AP) and metabolic syndrome (MS) are important global health hazards of the 21st century, in mainland China in particular, and AP has been associated with increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, and stroke. Methods: To evaluate the impact of metabolic syndrome on AP-related atherogenesis, 1557 Han Chinese adults (mean age 47.2±11.8 years, male 47%) in Hong Kong, Macau, Pun Yu, Yu County (Shanxi coalmine) and 3-Gorges (Yangtze River) were studied. Cardiovascular risk profiles and metabolic syndrome (IDF criteria) were evaluated. PM2.5 (satellite sensor modeling), and atherosclerotic surrogates, brachial reactivity (FMD) and carotid Intima-media thickness (IMT) (ultrasound), were measured. Results: The yearly PM2.5 concentration ranged from 34.0μg/m³ in Hong Kong to 93.8μg/m³ in 3-Gorges Territories. MS was diagnosed in 340 subjects (21.8%). Smoking status, gender and PM2.5 were similar in the MS cohort versus those without MS. Blood pressures (SBP and DBP), waist circumference, triglycerides and glucose were higher, but high-density lipidcholesterol was lower in the MS cohort, compared to the other subjects. Brachial FMD was significantly lower and carotid IMT significantly higher (0.70±0.13 mm, 95% CI 0.68-0.71 mm vs. 0.63mm±0.14mm, 95% CI 0.62-0.64 mm) in the MS cohort than those without (P&lt;0.0001). On multivariate regression, PM2.5 was not related to MS development, but was significantly related to carotid IMT in both no MS (beta=0.234, P&lt;0.0001) and MS cohorts (beta=0.245, p&lt;0.0001), independent of age, SBP, and waist circumference. There was no direct interaction between PM2.5 and MS. Conclusions: Both AP and MS have independent impacts on atherogenic processes in China, with significant implications for atherosclerosis prevention.

A Clinical Study to Evaluate the Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Sensorineural Hearing Loss.

Metabolic syndrome is considered to be a triggering factor for deterioration of health related quality of life. In present study we assessed hearing loss consequent to metabolic syndrome. A total of 100 patients diagnosed for metabolic syndrome (IDF criteria) were included in the study. All the patients underwent pure tone audiometry and impedance audiometry. All the patients underwent anthropometric measurements, lipid profile, blood sugar and blood pressure assessments. Data was analyzed using SPSS 21.0 software. A total of 62% patients had sensorineural hearing loss. Maximum (35%) had mild hearing loss, followed by moderate hearing loss (23%). Only 4 (4%) cases had severe hearing loss. Older age, wider waist circumference, higher fasting blood glucose levels and lower blood pressure were found to be significantly associated with sensorineural hearing loss and its severity on univariate analysis. However, on multivariate assessment only age and waist circumference showed a significant association with hearing loss.

Prevalence Trends of Metabolic Syndrome Among Korean Children and Adolescents From 2007 to 2018

Background: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults is increasing worldwide. The change of cardiovascular structure associated with metabolic syndrome appears from childhood, it is crucial to detect MetS early, and control associated risk factors to protect future health. Methods: We used data of children and adolescents (8,718 subjects aged 10-18) from the National Health and Nutrition Survey IV-VII (KNHANES 2007-2018) to estimate the recent prevalence of MetS, and identify related nutritional factors. The definition of MetS used modified NCEP-ATP III and IDF criteria. Results: The prevalence of MetS among Korean adolescents in 2007-2018 was 4.6% using the modified NCEP-ATP III criteria, and the trend of MetS increased significantly (P trend=0.02). In the overweight and obese groups, the risk of MetS increased 7.079 (95% CI, 5.188-9.793) and 27.131 (95% CI, 20.896-35.240) compared to the normal-weight group. During KNHANES IV-VII, overall caloric intake increased, carbohydrate and sodium intake decreased, but fat intake increased (KNHANE-IV; 21.3% to VII; 24.0%, P <0.001). These fat intakes were significantly correlated with an increase in systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and waist circumference. Conclusion: The prevalence of MetS is also increasing in Korean adolescents, and changes in dietary habits are related. In the future, it is also necessary to study the relationship with lifestyle.

Cardiometabolic risk factors in obese individuals and the risk of incident diabetes mellitus in 12-year prospective study

Aim of the study was to investigate the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in individuals with metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity phenotypes (MHO and MUO) and evaluate the contribution of metabolic syndrome (MS) components to the 12-year risk of developing T2DM according to a prospective study.Material and methods. The study included 1958 people with a BMI ≥30 kg/m² and no T2DM, from among those examined at the baseline screening in 2003– 2005 of the HAPPIE project. New cases of T2DM were diagnosed between 2003 and 2018 according to the register of diabetes mellitus and repeated screenings. The median follow-up period was 12.1 years. Were used to define MHO: criteria of the NCEPATP III, 2001 and IDF, 2005.Results. The incidence of T2DM in the MHO group according to all studied criteria is on 1,5 times lower than in persons with MUO, p&lt;0,001. According to the results of Cox regression multivariate analysis, the risk of developing T2DM in individuals with MHO is 2.3 times lower according to the IDF criteria, 2005 and 2,2 times lower according to the NCEP ATP III, 2001 criteria, compared with persons with MUO. The risk of developing T2DM increases in direct proportion to the number of MS components: 3 components—OR = 3,1 (95% CI: 1.0; 9.9), p = 0.048, 4 components—OR = 4.4 (95% CI: 1.4; 14.0), p = 0.011. However, the presence of obesity in a person with one risk factor does not lead to the development of T2DM within 12 years, p&gt;0.05. When analyzing obese individuals who had abdominal obesity (AO), the risk of developing T2DM is 2 times higher compared to individuals with normal waist circumference (WC), and people without AO demonstrate no risk of developing T2DM, with an increase in the number of MS components, p&gt; 0.05.Conclusions. The incidence of first-­onset T2DM during 12 years in the MHO group by any used criteria is on 1.5 times lower than in the MUO group. In individuals with obesity, regardless of its phenotype, the most significant independent predictors of the risk of incident T2DM are AO and fasting hyperglycaemia. In individuals without AO, the risk of developing T2DM does not increase, even with an increase in the number of MS components. In the presence of AO, the risk of developing T2DM increases 2 times already with the appearance of any other component.

A considerable proportion of metabolic syndrome-free adults from Bratislava Region, Slovakia, display an increased cardiometabolic burden.

Although the dichotomous classification of metabolic syndrome (MS) enables the classification of individuals as MS-free or presenting MS, it is inconvenient for assessing cardiometabolic risk in MS-free individuals. Continuous MS score allows for estimation of cardiometabolic burden even in MS-free subjects. We used the scores to estimate the proportion of MS-free subjects on high cardiometabolic risk. A total of 876 subjects (62% females) of Central European descent, aged 20-81 years, were included. International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria were employed to classify MS. Continuous scores were calculated. We used the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis to estimate the cutoff value to determine the proportion of MS-free subjects on increased risk. Using the waist circumference, 38% of males and 23% of females presented MS. ROC area under the curves (90%-98%) showed an acceptable performance of both scores to classify the presence of MS. Up to 18% of MS-free males and up to 10% of females displayed continuous score≥ the relevant cutoff point. The waist-to-height ratio performed similar results. Both continuous scores were proven credible for assessing cardiometabolic risk in MS-free subjects. Clinically, this is important for earlier intervention. Despite minor differences between waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio, it would be appropriate to objectify it using reference population. Novelty: The first study using Z-MSS/siMSS (population-specific Z-score/continuous score of MS) to estimate cardiometabolic risk in Slovak adults. A proportion of MS-free Slovak adults is on high cardiometabolic risk. Difference between using waist circumference and the waist-to-height ratio does not seem to be major in our cohort.

Self - evaluation of social adaptation in patients with schizophrenia and metabolic syndrome

IntroductionMetabolic syndrome (MS) is an often co-occurring condition that occurs during antipsychotic therapy and impairs social functioningObjectivesWe tried to conduct a self - evaluation of social adaptation in patients with schizophrenia and MSMethodsWe examined 150 patients with schizophrenia receiving antipsychotic therapy at the clinics of Mental Health Research Institute. The study was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation 18-15-00011. The IDF criteria were used to diagnose metabolic syndrome. We used «The social adaptation self - evaluation scale» (SASS).Results63 patients (42%) had MS and 87 patients (58%) did not. In the subgroup of patients with MS, 59 people (93.65%) had disabilities or were unemployed, in the group without MS - 82 (94.26%) patients. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups (p ≥ 0.05). In the patients with schizophrenia and concomitant MS, the median SSAS scores was 35 [29; 39], which corresponds mainly to a high level of self - evaluation of social adaptation. At the same time, in patients with schizophrenia and without MS, on the contrary, the self - evaluation of social adaptation was 30 [23; 38] points (p = 0.03914). Perhaps this is due to the great attention from relatives and doctors of general somatic practice and the primary medical network in connection with the risk of developing severe somatic pathology.ConclusionsPatients with MS can give a higher assessment of social adaptation, despite a objectively low social status.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Link between cognitive impairment and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged patients

IntroductionMetabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with an increased risk of developing a cognitive vascular disorders and dementia.ObjectivesThe associations of cognitive disorders (CD) with components of methabolic syndrome (MS) such as : body mass index, lipid spectrum, arterial hypertension and glucose level (GL) in middle age subjects were study.MethodsThe 271 patients with MS according IDF criteria, (aged 30 – 60 years) were examend. Current mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was confirmed by psychodiagnostic interview according to the criteria of ICD-10. All patients passed through: MMSE test, Cognitive Failures Questionnaire, Wechsler memory scale, Symbol Coding and Category Fluency test. Level of blood glucose and plasma indicators of lipid spectrum were assessed in the blood samples with «Abbott» kits. To assess the results the NCEP criteria were used.ResultsAll 271 subject were divided into 2 groups, group A – with CD and/or MCI (212 subjects) and the group B -without affective disorders (49 subjects). Using the Mann-Whitney test significantly strong connection between high levels of total cholesterol (TC), cholesterol low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), lipoproteins of very low density (VLDL), the GL and MCI in group A were obtained. Optional subjects with sings of PH, MS and MCI had a fairly high level of VLDL and LDL-C in comparison with subjects without MCI.ConclusionsThe meaning of the relationship between metabolic syndrome and mild cognitive impairments in middle-aged people is in increasing in the level of LDL and VLDL that can provoke MCI in middleage subjects with MS.

Pack-year cigarette smoking affects the course of palmoplantar pustulosis.

Palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is a chronic inflammatory disease with poorly understood pathogenesis. The disease has a chronic course with improvements and exacerbations. Due to palmoplantar location, PPP has a severely negative impact on patients' quality of life. To identify demographic and environmental factors, concomitant diseases, medications, and bacterial factors which may affect the course of PPP. A total of 51 patients suffering from PPP took part in the study. They were classified according to the Palmoplantar Pustulosis Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (ppPASI) into 3 groups due to the severity of the disease. Pack-year of smoking score was established as a quotient of packets smoked every 24 h and the years of being addicted. Diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was based on the IDF criteria from 2009. Chlamydia trachomatis was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, Staphylococcus aureus by the culture swabs. Contact hypersensitivity was examined with the T.R.U.E. test. Significantly high severity of PPP was observed in patients addicted to smoking with a high pack-year score (p = 0.03). Significantly lower intensity of PPP lesions was observed in patients treated with ibuprofen (p < 0.01). There was no correlation between severity of PPP skin lesions and comorbidities. Addiction to cigarette smoking and a high pack-year score aggravates the course of PPP. Treatment with ibuprofen can improve the course of the disease.

Assessment of the prevalence of risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases among employees of the North-Eastern Federal University

Introduction. According to WHO experts, chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) is the leading worldwide medical and social problem. In recent decades, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) population showed changes in nutrition habits, physical activity reduction. It increased the spread of modified chronic NCD’s risk factors. Material and methods. The authors performed a one-stage study of modified risk factors and frequency analysis of chronic NCD in the North-Eastern Federal University (NEFU) employees who had medical check-ups in 2017 (n = 800): men (n = 260), women (n = 540). The attendees’ age varied from 30 to 54 years. Abdominal obesity (AO) was diagnosed by two criteria: men’s waist ≥ 90 cm and women’s waist ≥ 80 for Asia residents (IDF1); men’s waist ≥ 94 cm and women’s waist ≥ 80 for European residents (IDF2) (IDF, 2006). Results. This analysis of the study group of NEFU employees showed the median level of SYS and DYS, glucose in serum, and the waist index in both groups, regardless of gender, to be within reference values. The most frequent risk factors of chronic NCD were hypercholesterolemia and abdominal obesity (p = 0.000). A spread of hypercholesterolemia was 16.8%, in men (23.5%) more frequently than in women (13. Every fourth woman and every third man had AO according to IDF criteria compared to attendees without AO (p = 0.000). Conclusion. A significant positive correlation between AO and age, SYS, DYS, cholesterol and glucose in serum was identified.

Comparison of three definitions of metabolic syndrome and relation to risk of recurrent preeclampsia

ABSTRACT Objective. To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in formerly preeclamptic women according to three definitions of metabolic syndrome (World Health Organization [WHO], International Diabetes Federation [IDF], and Third Adult Treatment Panel updated [ATPIII]), to evaluate agreement amongst definitions and to compare the risk of recurrent preeclampsia. Methods. In 197 women with a history of preeclampsia, we determined presence of metabolic syndrome using WHO, IDF, and ATPIII criteria. We evaluated agreement amongst definitions by using Kappa statistics. The prevalence of recurrent preeclampsia was compared between women with and without inter-pregnancy metabolic syndrome, according to the three definitions. Results. A total of 40 (20%), 46 (23%), and 31 (16%) of women with previous preeclampsia were classified as having metabolic syndrome postpartum according to WHO, IDF, and ATPIII criteria, respectively. Agreement among criteria was considered substantial between WHO and IDF (κ = 0.64, 95% CI 0.53–0.79), WHO and ATPIII (κ = 0.74, 95% CI 0.62–0.86), and IDF and ATPIII (κ = 0.66, 95% CI 0.51–0.77). The prevalence of recurrent preeclampsia was 45% versus 17% in women with and without inter-pregnancy metabolic syndrome according to the WHO definition (P < 0.001), 26% versus 21% according to the IDF criteria (P = 0.16), and 39% versus 20% according to the ATPIII definition (P = 0.02). Conclusions. Agreement among WHO, IDF, and ATPIII criteria of metabolic syndrome in women after preeclampsia is considered substantial. The risk of recurrent preeclampsia is almost one out of two in women with inter-pregnancy metabolic syndrome according to the WHO criteria.

The Association between Glycemic Control with Oxidant Status Parameters in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.

Purpose:Glycemic control is important in order to avoid LDLs increased susceptibility to oxidation in diabetic patients. This study assess the relationship between diabetes control with serum prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), oxidized LDL cholesterol (oxLDLc), homocysteine and vitamin D levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.Material and methods:This was a cross-sectional study on three groups including 80 subjects as well (WGC) and poor (PGC) glycemic control and 40 healthy subjects. Presence of nephropathy and retinopathy were determined using IDF criteria. HbA1c level was determined with columnar chromatography using BioSystems kit. Serum PAB, homocysteine, oxLDLc and vitamin D levels were measured by the standard tests.Results:There was a significant association between PAB with PGC (P< 0.001), diabetic retinopathy (P< 0.01) and nephropathy (P< 0.01) in type 2 diabetic patients. Moreover, the results showed that vitamin D serum levels was significantly lower in PGC patients (P< 0.01), and diabetic patients with retinopathy (P< 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the vitamin D deficiency can predict the HbA1c variations by 77.7% (β=- 0.775) in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (P<0.001).Conclusions:There was a significant association between prooxidant-antioxidant balance and vitamin D serum levels with diabetic complications. (www.actabiomedica.it)

A study of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in newly detected Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

The metabolic disorder is depicted as bunches of irregularities, including stomach corpulence, insulin opposition, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, expanded fatty oils, and diminished high-thickness lipoprotein cholesterol. The study was aimed to assess the Pervasiveness of Metabolic disorder in recently identified sort 2 Diabetes mellitus Among 100 newly detected type 2 DM patients, 44.18% of male and 55.82% of female had metabolic syndrome. The maximum number of patients were in the age of 30-49 years. Most of the patients had a history of DM of 4-6 months (54%). Majority 60 patients (69.76%) and IDF criteria predicting MS in 40(46.51%) patients which is least compared to others. Modified WHO and NCEP ATP III criteria's were predicting MS 55(63.95%), 48(55.81%) respectively. Raised serum TG for men (45.3%) and diminished HDL for ladies (45.3%) were most grounded single indicator successfully showing the presence of MS in recently identified type 2 DM patients. Significant WC was seen in 51.2% of patients, and 46.5% of patients had significant waist/hip ratio. CONCLUSION- Raised serum TG for men and lessened HDL for women were most grounded single pointers, satisfactorily exhibiting the presence of MS in as of late distinguished sort 2 DM patients.