IDF Criteria Research Articles

The frequency of metabolically healthy and unhealthy phenotypes in women aged 25–44 years with different levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin, leptin

Reports that the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in obesity is not the same, led to the allocation of metabolically healthy and unhealthy phenotypes (MHP and MUHP), this concept is based on the ability of adipose tissue to produce a number of adipokines, one of which is leptin. Hormones such as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin (PRL) are interesting from the point of view of their effect on metabolism. Aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of MHP and MUHP in young women with different body mass index (BMI) and hormonal status (TSH, PRL, leptin) in different phenotypes. Material and methods. A group of women (n = 655) was selected from a representative sample of the Novosibirsk population aged 25–44 to study clinical and laboratory parameters. The design is a cross – sectional, observational, single – centre study. IDF, 2005 and NCEP ATP III, 2001 criteria were used to evaluate the MHP and MUHP. Results and discussion. The prevalence of MUHP in young women in Novosibirsk was 22.3 %, MHP – 77.7 % according to IDF, 2005; according to NCEP ATP III, 2001 – 13.1 and 86.9 %, respectively. The prevalence of MUHP increased with increasing BMI from 4.0 to 72.0 % according to IDF, 2005 and from 2.3 to 58.0 % according to NCEP ATP III, 2001, respectively. In obese women, MUHP was detected twice as often as MHP – 72 and 28 % according to IDF, 2005, 58 and 42 % according to NCEP ATP III, 2001. TSH and PRL do not provide information about metabolic health in young women. Leptin content is associated with BMI. The threshold value of the leptin level was 18.3 ng/ml with maximum sensitivity and specificity (Se = 53.3 %, Sp = 81.5 %), 14.5 ng/ml with equal sensitivity and specificity (Se = 65.7 %, Sp = 65.7 %). The area under ROC curve (AUC) for diagnosis of MUHP was 0.727 (SE = 0.029, p < 0.0001). Conclusion. The frequency of MHP in young women decreases with increasing BMI. MUHP is 3.5 times less common than MHP according to IDF criteria, 2005. TSH and PRL are not associated with the metabolic phenotype in young women. A leptin level more than 18.3 ng/ml has been identified as one of the markers for the recognition of MUHP in women aged 25–44 years, regardless of BMI.

Análise dos componentes para classificação da Síndrome Metabólica utilizados em idosos: revisão integrativa

Abstract Objective To analyze the components of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and the rationale for adopting the criteria used for its classification in older individuals through an integrative review. Method an integrative review of the literature in Portuguese, English, Spanish and Bulgarian involving older people (age ≥60 years) on the electronic databases MEDLINE - via PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus, without restriction on publication date or study design, was conducted from August 2022 to January 2023. The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and Health Sciences Descriptors (DEcS) controlled descriptors “elderly”, “elderly 80 or older”, “metabolic syndrome”, “prevalence”, “component” and “criterion” were used. Studies that were off-topic, unavailable in full and that failed to answer the guiding question were excluded. Results Application of the eligibility criteria led to the retrieval of 1340 studies, of which 14 were included in the integrative review. Seven sets of criteria were identified for evaluating MetS in the older population were identified and most studies used two of these criteria. The IDF criterion was cited 7 times and the NCEP - ATP III criterion 8 times in the 14 article reviewed. Conclusions Although the searches retrieved different studies on the subject, the results suggest the criteria for MetS should be revised, with cut-off points defined according to the population studied.

Metabolic syndrome and Visceral Adiposity Index in non-functional adrenal adenomas.

We aimed to identify metabolic dysfunction in non-functioning adrenal adenomas (NFAAs) and Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) predictability in the practical estimation of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in NFAAs. 134 NFAA patients and 68 control subjects matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) were included in the study. After physical, biochemical, and endocrine evaluation, IDF and NCEP ATP III criteria were used to determine MetS. HOMA-IR and VAI were calculated for both study group subjects. MetS was significantly higher in the NFAA patients. The incidence of MetS by IDF and NCEP criteria was 52.9%,48.5% in the NFAI and 32.3%,30.8% in the control group (p < 0.01, p = 0.02). The risk of MetS was increased in NFAA (75.6 vs. 24.4%, p = 0.017, OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.06-1.68). Glucose, HOMA IR, hypertension, and VAI were significantly increased in NFAA patients. The risk of MetS was independently associated with high VAI (79.2 vs. 20.8%, p = 0.001, OR = 2.22; 95% CI = 1.70-2.91). MetS, insulin resistance, and VAI are more prevalant in NFAA patients than in healthy individuals. VAI can be used with high specificity to estimate MetS in NFAA patients.

Caveolin-1 rs1997623 variant and adult metabolic syndrome-Assessing the association in three ethnic cohorts of Arabs, South Asians and South East Asians.

Background: Animal and cell model studies have implicated CAV1 in the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders. Our previous studies demonstrated a potential association of CAV1 rs1997623C/A variant with pediatric metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Arab children. In the present study, we evaluate whether the CAV1 variant associates with MetS Arab adults as well. The association signal is further examined for ancestry-specific variation by considering cohorts of other ethnicities. Method: The CAV1 rs1997623 was genotyped in three cohorts of Arab (n = 479), South Asian (n = 660), and South East Asian (n = 362) ethnic adults from Kuwait. MetS status of the individuals was diagnosed using the IDF criteria (presence of central obesity and at least two abnormalities out of: elevated TG, low HDL, hypertension, or T2D). The quantitative measure of MetS was calculated as siMS = 2 × WC/Height + FBG/5.6 + TG/1.7 + SBP/130-HDL/1.02 for males or HDL/1.28 for females. Allelic associations with quantitative and dichotomous MetS traits were assessed using linear and logistic regression models adjusted for age and sex. In addition, empirical p-values (P emp ) were generated using max(T) permutation procedure based on 10,000 permutations. Results: The CAV1 variant was significantly associated with MetS status (OR = 1.811 [1.25-2.61]; p-value = 0.0015; P emp = 0.0013) and with siMS (Effect size = 0.206; p-value = 0.0035; P emp = 0.0028) in the cohort of Arab individuals. The association was weak and insignificant in the South Asian and South East Asian cohorts (OR = 1.19 and 1.11; p-values = 0.25 and 0.67, respectively). Conclusion: The reported association of CAV1 rs1997623C/A with MetS in Arab pediatric population is now demonstrated in an adult Arab cohort as well. The weak association signal seen in the Asian cohorts lead us to propose a certain extent of ethnic-specificity in CAV1 rs1997623 association with MetS.

Association between hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional study in Tibetan adults on the Tibetan plateau.

This study aimed to assess the relationship of serum uric acid with metabolic syndrome and its components in Tibetan adults on the Tibetan plateau. A total of 307 participants were enrolled in this study and biochemical parameters including serum uric acid, fasting plasma glucose, white blood cell, lymphocyte count, mononuclear cells, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, and lipid profile were analyzed using standard methods. The IDF criteria were applied to define metabolic syndrome. The association of serum uric acid with metabolic syndrome and its components was evaluated by multivariable logistic regression models. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 17.3% (53/307) with 19.6% (31/158) in females and 14.8% (22/149) in male participants. The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 40.7% (125/307) with significant differences between the male (53.7%,80/149) and female (28.5%,45/158) groups. In regression analysis, we observed that the risk of MetS was higher in participants in the hyperuricemia group (adjusted OR, 4.01; 95% CI, 2.02~7.99) compared with those in the normouricemia group. After adjusting for all confounding factors, a 9% higher risk of MetS could be shown in participants with SUA increased per 10umol/L (adjusted OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04~1.14). These relationships were not affected by sex or age (p >0.05). After adjusting for the confounding factors, hyperuricemia is positively associated with abdominal obesity (adjusted OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.41~4.53), elevated blood pressure (adjusted OR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.37~4.97), and elevated triglycerides(adjusted OR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.09~5.57). In our study, hyperuricemia is significantly associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and part of its components, and these relationships are not affected by sex or age. Given the high prevalence of MetS and hyperuricemia among Tibetan adults, more studies are required to explore the role of SUA in the pathogenesis of MetS.

The CUN-BAE, Deurenberg Fat Mass, and visceral adiposity index as confident anthropometric indices for early detection of metabolic syndrome components in adults

There is no definition for the metabolic syndrome; visceral obesity, elevated lipids and glucose, and hypertension coexist. The aim of the study is to determine which anthropometric indicators best determine it. Cross-sectional study in 418,343 Spanish workers. Metabolic syndrome was determined using the NCEP-ATPIII, IDF and JIS criteria. The anthropometric variables studied were: body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, CUNBAE, Deuremberg formula, body fat index, body surface index, normalized weight adjusted index, body roundness index, body shape index, visceral adiposity index (VAI), dysfunctional adiposity index, conicity index, metabolic score for visceral fat (METS-VF), waist triglyceride index. In men, the anthropometric indices with the largest areas under the ROC curve are VAI with ATPIII criteria and JIS. If we use the IDF criteria: waist circumference and METS-VF, with the same result. In women, the largest areas under the curve were observed with the Deuremberg formula in both ATPIII and JIS while with the IDF criteria it is METS-VF. The most useful anthropometric indices for identifying metabolic syndrome are CUN-BAE and Deuremberg, followed by the VAI. A single definition of metabolic syndrome should be agreed to determine the best anthropometric index with predictive capacity for its diagnosis.

Association of non-high-density lipoprotein hypercholesterol with metabolic syndrome, diabetes and arterial hypertension in the population of 45–69 years adults

Objective. To study the prevalence of non-high-density lipoprotein hypercholesterol (non-HDL–C) and the average levels of non-HDL–C in metabolic syndrome (MS), type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), arterial hypertension (AH) and other cardiometabolic risk factors in the Siberian population aged 45–69 years.Design and methods. The evaluation of atherogenic dyslipidemia among persons with AН, MS, T2D was based on the materials of Siberian branch of HAPIEE project in the random sample n = 9360 surveyed in 2003–2005 HAPIEE. The study program included questionnaire survey, blood pressure (BP) measurement, anthropometry, biochemical screening. The value ≥ 3,4 mmol/l was considered as hypercholesterol-non-HDL. AH was diagnosed at systolic BP levels ≥ 140 mm hg. art. or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mm hg. art. and/or taking antihypertensive drugs within the last 2 weeks. Persons with previously diagnosed AH, but with normotonia at screening in cases of taking drugs that reduce BP, were also counted as patients with AH. DM2 was diagnozed — according to WHO criteria, 1999, ADA, 2013 — at fasted plasma glucose level ≥ 7,0 mmol/l and persons with previously diagnosed DM2. MS and its components were diagnosed according to IDF criteria (2005).Results. The mean value of non-HDL cholesterol in the general population of Novosibirsk aged 45–69 were 4,7 ± 1,3 mmol/l and were higher in women than in men — 4,9 ± 1,3 mmol/l and 4,5 ± 1,2 mmol/l, (p &lt; 0,0001). The prevalence of hypercholesterol-non-HDL in women varies from 84,7 to 94,3% — and is significantly higher than in men — 80,6 to 84,1%. The level of non-HDL cholesterol ≥ 3,4 mmol/l was observed in 86,8% of the examined, 11% — in the range of 2,6–3,39 and only 2,2% — less than 2,6 mmol/l. The average values of non-HDL–C in men and women in three cohorts (with DM2, MS and AH) were found to be the highest in DM2, lower in MS than in DM, and lower in AH than in MS and DM2. In the cohort with DM2, non-HDL–C, according to the criterion of non-HDL–C ≥ 3,4 mmol/l, was determined in 89,4% of men and 95,7% of women; in persons with MS, it was found in 92,4% of men and 95,1% of women, with AH — in 85,2% of men and 92,5% of women of the Siberian population aged 45–69 years. The frequencies of AH, MS and DM2 in the 5th quintile of the distribution of non-HDL–C are higher compared to the first quintile (p &lt; 0,0001), with a predominance of these indicators in the female population.Conclusions. According to study, the content of non-HDL–C, and its prevalence of elevated levels in the population is high, especially in people with DM2, MS, AH. In terms of developing a platform for prevention of cardiovascular diseases, MS and DM2, the non-HDL–C ratio deserves attention as a target for further research.

Prevalence Trends of Metabolic Syndrome among Korean Children and Adolescents from a Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence trend of metabolic syndrome among Korean adolescents and to examine the effect of changes in dietary components on metabolic syndrome components. It has used the data of children and adolescents (8718 subjects aged 10–18) from the National Health and Nutrition Survey IV-VII (KNHANES 2007–2018) to estimate the recent prevalence of MetS and identify related nutritional factors. The definition of MetS used modified NCEP-ATP III and IDF criteria. The prevalence of MetS among Korean adolescents in 2007–2018 was 4.6% using the modified NCEP-ATP III criteria, and the trend of MetS increased significantly (p trend = 0.02). In the overweight and obese groups, the risk of MetS increased 7.08 (95% CI, 5.19–9.79) and 27.13 (95% CI, 20.90–35.24) compared to the normal-weight group. During KNHANES IV-VII, overall caloric intake increased, carbohydrate and sodium intake decreased, but fat intake increased (KNHANE-IV; 21.3% to VII; 24.0%, p < 0.001). These fat intakes were significantly correlated with an increase in systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and waist circumference. The prevalence of MetS is also increasing in Korean adolescents, and changes in dietary habits are related. In the future, it is also necessary to study the relationship of MetS to lifestyle.

Association between oral cavity cancer and metabolic syndrome.

Few studies have been conducted on the association between oral cavity cancer and metabolic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between oral cavity cancer and metabolic diseases. This cohort study used the database of the Korean National Health Insurance Service, which contains medical data of 97% of the Korean population. Oral cavity cancer occurred in a total of 2718 patients. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to IDF criteria. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used. The HR for oral cavity cancer in patients with metabolic syndrome was 1.113(95% CI 1.006-1.232), which was significantly higher than that in normal patients, especially in males (p = 0.0386). When the number of metabolic syndrome factors was ≥ 3, the HR of oral cavity cancer was 1.191(95% CI 1.026-1.383), which was significantly higher than that of 0 metabolic syndrome factors, especially in males (p = 0.0218). When the number of metabolic syndrome factors was ≥ 3, the HR for oral cavity cancer was 1.439(95% CI 1.066-1.942), which was significantly higher than that of 0 metabolic syndrome factors, especially in males aged < 50years (p = 0.0173). Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of oral cavity cancer only in males. In addition, the incidence of oral cavity cancer increased as the number of factors constituting metabolic syndrome increased, only in young males aged < 50years. Thus, metabolic syndrome is an important risk factor for oral cavity cancer, particularly in young males.

Concordance between Different Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome in Peruvian Adults Undergoing Bariatric Surgery.

Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a clinical entity that has been linked to several non-communicable diseases. There are various consensuses to determine its presence, such as the IDF, ALAD, Harmonized, AHA/NHLBI, NCEP-ATP III or AACE criteria. However, there is currently no standardization to properly identify it. Objective: To assess the diagnostic concordance between different criteria for MetS in Peruvian adults undergoing bariatric surgery. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of the institutional database of a bariatric clinic located in Lima, Peru. We obtained data from adults between 18–59 years who underwent bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass or Sleeve Gastrectomy). According to the Kappa coefficient, a heatplot was designed to analyze the concordance of the criteria. Results: An almost perfect concordance was found between all criteria except AACE. The highest kappa coefficient (κ = 0.980) was recorded between the IDF and ALAD criteria using all the sample. Similar results were obtained when we stratified by sex. Conclusions: This study shows that, excluding the AACE, different criteria for metabolic syndrome could be used in Latino adults undergoing bariatric surgery with similar results. Given the postoperative implications, we believe that IDF and ALAD would be the best options in our population.

Pathological newborn body weight as predictor of metabolic disorders and reduced exercise tolerance in young female

Background and Aims : Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a claster of metabolic disorders associated with insulin resistance and abdominal obesity, associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Due to the high prevalence of MS (20-40%), and especially in young people of working age, its early detection has undoubtedly great importance for the timely initiation of prevention of complications (heart attack, stroke, diabetes, etc.). Purpose: assessment of newborn body influence on subsequent metabolic disorders and exercise intolerance in young females during adolescence.Methods: The total number of patients was 92 aged18-21 years. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was diagnosed according to the following "summary" criteria: WHO criteria, 1999 (impaired glucose tolerance), modified WHO criteria (fasting plasma insulin level more than its upper quartile in this population) and IDF criteria (2005, 2009, 2014). Exclusion criteria: active physical activity and/or sports.Results: 48 patients (52.7%) had abnormal body weight at birth: low (<2800 g) - in 23 people (25.3% - group 1); high (>4000 g) - in 25 people (27.5% - group 2). Group 1 showed the highest values of total and LDL cholesterol (p=0.006), group 2 - hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia (p=0,05) and hypoalphacholesterolemia (p=0.05). The last had increased basal glycemia (p=0.004), insulin (p=0.05) and C-peptide (p=0.006), while patients of group 1 had an increase in postprandial glucose (p=0.009) and insulin (p=0.05). In patients of group 2 were mentioned cardiac remodeling, reduced exercise tolerance.Conclusions: Abnormal fetal body weight may be a predictor of MS and low exercise tolerance in adolescent females. Background and Aims : Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a claster of metabolic disorders associated with insulin resistance and abdominal obesity, associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Due to the high prevalence of MS (20-40%), and especially in young people of working age, its early detection has undoubtedly great importance for the timely initiation of prevention of complications (heart attack, stroke, diabetes, etc.). Purpose: assessment of newborn body influence on subsequent metabolic disorders and exercise intolerance in young females during adolescence. Methods: The total number of patients was 92 aged18-21 years. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was diagnosed according to the following "summary" criteria: WHO criteria, 1999 (impaired glucose tolerance), modified WHO criteria (fasting plasma insulin level more than its upper quartile in this population) and IDF criteria (2005, 2009, 2014). Exclusion criteria: active physical activity and/or sports. Results: 48 patients (52.7%) had abnormal body weight at birth: low (<2800 g) - in 23 people (25.3% - group 1); high (>4000 g) - in 25 people (27.5% - group 2). Group 1 showed the highest values of total and LDL cholesterol (p=0.006), group 2 - hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia (p=0,05) and hypoalphacholesterolemia (p=0.05). The last had increased basal glycemia (p=0.004), insulin (p=0.05) and C-peptide (p=0.006), while patients of group 1 had an increase in postprandial glucose (p=0.009) and insulin (p=0.05). In patients of group 2 were mentioned cardiac remodeling, reduced exercise tolerance. Conclusions: Abnormal fetal body weight may be a predictor of MS and low exercise tolerance in adolescent females.

Perceived stress, low physical activity, and prevalence of obesity in police officers

Background and Aims : Police work is exposed to more stressors than other occupations. Associations between perceived stress and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and physical activity in police officers were investigated.Methods: Cross-sectional data from a cohort of non-diabetic subjects (n=233; 19F; aged 27 - 58 years) were analysed. MetS was consistent with IDF criteria, perceived stress with Cohen’s 10-item Perceived Stress Scale. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form (IPAQ-LF) was used to evaluate a subject’s estimated metabolic equivalent of Task (MET), based on 5 select domains of physical activity. Non-parametric (Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis) tests, and univariate linear analyses were applied.Results: Obesity was established in 100 (42.92%), hypertension in 111 (47.44), whereas MetS in 104 (44.63%) study subjects. The median [interquartile range] level of perceived stress was also significantly higher in the MetS subjects, as compared to the non- MetS ones (18.00 [15.00–22.00], and 16.00 [12.00–20.00], p=0.02). Perceived stress was positively associated with waist circumference (B=0.326, p=0.03), blood pressure (B=0.622 and B=0.369, p=0.01) for systolic and diastolic, respectively. Negative associations were established between waist circumference and leisure-time (B=−0.074, p=0.04), total walking (B=−0.032, p=0.02), and total (B=−0.013, p=0.03) physical activity. Similar associations between those domains of physical activity and plasma triglycerides level were also observed (p=0.04, p=0.03 and p=0.02). No associations were established between the select domains of physical activity and other variables, e.g. systolic (diastolic) blood pressure, glucose, HDL cholesterol.Conclusions: Perceived stress, and low physical activity promoted obesity in police officer. Background and Aims : Police work is exposed to more stressors than other occupations. Associations between perceived stress and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and physical activity in police officers were investigated. Methods: Cross-sectional data from a cohort of non-diabetic subjects (n=233; 19F; aged 27 - 58 years) were analysed. MetS was consistent with IDF criteria, perceived stress with Cohen’s 10-item Perceived Stress Scale. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form (IPAQ-LF) was used to evaluate a subject’s estimated metabolic equivalent of Task (MET), based on 5 select domains of physical activity. Non-parametric (Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis) tests, and univariate linear analyses were applied. Results: Obesity was established in 100 (42.92%), hypertension in 111 (47.44), whereas MetS in 104 (44.63%) study subjects. The median [interquartile range] level of perceived stress was also significantly higher in the MetS subjects, as compared to the non- MetS ones (18.00 [15.00–22.00], and 16.00 [12.00–20.00], p=0.02). Perceived stress was positively associated with waist circumference (B=0.326, p=0.03), blood pressure (B=0.622 and B=0.369, p=0.01) for systolic and diastolic, respectively. Negative associations were established between waist circumference and leisure-time (B=−0.074, p=0.04), total walking (B=−0.032, p=0.02), and total (B=−0.013, p=0.03) physical activity. Similar associations between those domains of physical activity and plasma triglycerides level were also observed (p=0.04, p=0.03 and p=0.02). No associations were established between the select domains of physical activity and other variables, e.g. systolic (diastolic) blood pressure, glucose, HDL cholesterol. Conclusions: Perceived stress, and low physical activity promoted obesity in police officer.

High Tg/HDL-Cholesterol Ratio Highlights a Higher Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents with Severe Obesity.

Few data are currently available on the reliability of the different anthropometric, instrumental and biochemical indexes in recognizing the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents with severe obesity. Therefore, the objective of our study was to find out the simplest and most accurate predictive index of MetS in this population at-risk. In 1065 children and adolescents (563 f, 502 m), aged 14.6 ± 2.1 years (range 10–17), with severe obesity [BMI-SDS 3.50 ± 0.36 (range 3.00–5.17)], the following indexes were evaluated: BMI, BMI-SDS, Tri-Ponderal Mass Index, Waist-to-Height ratio, TG/HDL-Cholesterol ratio, Cardiometabolic Index (CMI), and Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI). For each subject, all the components of MetS, defined according to the IDF criteria, were determined. Overall, the presence of MetS was found in 324 patients (30.4%), 167 males (33.3%) and 157 females (27.9%). According to the ROC analysis, three indexes (VAI, CMI and TG/HDL-Cholesterol ratio), performed significantly better than the other ones in identifying MetS, with no difference among them. In conclusion, the TG/HDL ratio, which just needs the evaluation of two simple biochemical parameters, offers the same accuracy as other more sophisticated indexes in recognizing MetS in children and adolescents with severe obesity, thus making it the best predictor to be easily used.

A STUDY OF PREVALANCE OF OSA IN APPARENTLY HEALTHY ADULT POPULATION AND INDIVIDUALS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME- CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

Aim: To compare prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients and age, sex-matched controls without MetS. Materials &amp; Methods: A total of 50 MetS patients (as per IDF criteria) and a total of 100 age and sex-matched individuals without MetS were enrolled in the study as cases and controls. Screening for OSA was done using Berlin Questionnaire. OSA prevalence was ascertained by polysomnography. Apnea-Hypopnea index (AHI) 5-15, 16-30 and &gt;30 was considered as mild, moderate and severe OSA. Data was analyzed using Chi-square and Independent sample t-tests. Results: Mean age of cases was 50.80±10.16 years. Majority of cases were males (80%). Mean BMI, waist circumference, SBP, DBP, FBS and TG of cases were significantly higher while mean HDL was significantly lower as compared to that of controls (p&lt;0.001). Number of MetS factors 3, 4 and 5 were seen in 28%, 34% and 38% respectively in cases and 0, 1, 2 and 3 in 22%, 47%, 30% and 1% controls respectively (p&lt;0.001). Prevalence of OSA was 58% in cases as compared to 20% in controls (p&lt;0.001). Mild, moderate and severe OSA was seen in 10%, 22% and 26% of cases and 12%, 6% and 2% of controls (p&lt;0.001). On overall evaluation and in case groups, there was a significant increase in prevalence and severity of OSA (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: MetS patients were at a high risk for moderate to severe OSA. Clinical Significance: Prevention and control of OSA must be targeted as the treatment goal in MetS.

Association between major dietary patterns and metabolic health status in overweight and obese adolescents

ObjectivesThe association between major dietary patterns and metabolic health status in adolescents has been understudied, especially in Middle Eastern populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate this association in overweight/obese adolescents. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, the usual of 203 overweight/obese adolescents selected by a multistage, cluster random-sampling method was evaluated through a validated food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric indices and blood pressure values were measured. Fasting blood samples were obtained to determine insulin, glucose, and lipid profile concentrations. Two methods (modified International Diabetes Federation [IDF] criteria and IDF criteria along with insulin resistance or homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance [HOMA-IR] >3.16) were applied to classify participants into metabolically healthy obese (MHO) or unhealthy obese (MUO). ResultsTwo major dietary patterns, Mediterranean-like and Western, were identified. After adjustments for potential confounders, high adherence to Mediterranean-like dietary pattern was related to 72% (odds ratio [OR], 0.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.10–0.76) and 67% (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.11–0.98) lower odds for being MUO based on IDF and HOMA-IR definitions, respectively. Higher adherence to the Western dietary pattern was related to higher odds of being MUO, either in the crude or adjusted models in both metabolic status definitions (for IDF definition: OR, 9.85; 95% CI, 2.75–35.19; for HOMA-IR definition: OR, 9.15; 95% CI, 2.02–41.52, in fully adjusted model). ConclusionsWe found an inverse association between the Mediterranean-like dietary pattern and odds of MUO in Iranian overweight/obese adolescents, whereas the Western dietary pattern was associated with an increased likelihood of being MUO. Further studies, with a prospective nature, are required to confirm these findings.

Study of lipoprotein (a) and biochemical parameters of metabolic syndrome among younger population

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur together, increasing your risk of heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes. Aim &amp; Objective: Due to the scarcity of studies about the epidemiological behaviour of Lp(a) in our country, the main aim of our research is to study the relationship between Lp(a) and the metabolic syndrome and its components in younger population Materials &amp; Methods: A total of 136 subjects were enrolled into the study. A pre-structured and pretested proforma was used to collect the data. Baseline data including age, gender, religion, detailed medical history, clinical examinations and relevant investigations such as HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, lipoprotein (a) and fasting glucose were done in the study. Analysis was done by SPSS version 18. In our study, 46.2% males and 43.1% females were affected by metabolic syndrome with no significant correlation with sex. Lipoprotein (a) level is increased in the metabolic syndrome category by Modified NCEP ATP III Criteria and IDF Criteria. Lipoprotein (a) level has significant correlation with the metabolic syndrome according to their p values (&lt;0.01). It has significantly correlated with the individual components of metabolic syndrome and age category too (p value &lt;0.01).

Prevalence and Factors Associated With Metabolic Syndrome in a Rural Population in Brazil

ObjectivesThere are still few articles in the scientific literature that assess the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) in representative rural populations. Thus, the aim of the study is to estimate the prevalence of MS and to evaluate the association with sociodemographic, work and lifestyle factors in a rural population in southeastern Brazil. MethodsCross-sectional observational epidemiological study conducted in a rural municipality in Brazil. The study population were 790 adult family farmers. The characterization of MS considers five parameters: abdominal circumference, systemic blood pressure levels and serum concentrations of fasting glucose, triglycerides and HDL, according to two different definitions: NCEP-ATP III and IDF. Tests of association between the independent variable and the outcome were performed using Pearson’s chi-square test, or Fisher’s exact test when applicable. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed using the enter method. ResultsThe prevalence of MS was 15.4% and 17.2% according to the NCEP and IDF criteria, respectively. In the bivariate analysis, sex (p = 0.014), age group (p < 0.005), schooling (p = 0.007) and time working as a farmer (p < 0.001) were associated with MS (NCEP). According to the IDF criteria, sex (p = 0.024), age group (p < 0.001), education (p = 0.004), working time as a farmer (p < 0.001) and alcohol consumption (p- 0.017). In binary logistic regression, the increase in age groups showed an OR gradient, demonstrating that advancing age is characterized as a risk factor for MS (p < 0.001) in both diagnostic criteria. The other variables had no statistical difference in the multivariate analysis. ConclusionsIn conclusion, a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome was found in Brazilian farmers, mainly associated with advancing age in this population. The early diagnosis of MS could represent an important advance in terms of protection and prevention of the health of rural populations, as it is a multifaceted disease with several complications. Furthermore, high-cost and complex parameters are not necessary to diagnose MS, being a useful parameter for use in populations whose access to the health system is difficult. Funding SourcesResearch Program of the Unified Health System (PPSUS), through the notice FAPES/CNPq/Decit-SCTIE-MS/SESA No. 05/2015 – PPSUS.

1279-P: Caveolin 1 rs1997623 Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Arab Adult Individuals from Kuwait

Studies have implicated CAV1 in the pathophysiology of diabetes and obesity. Previously, we demonstrated a potential association between the CAV1 rs1997623 C/A variant and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Kuwaiti children. In the present study, we substantiate the association of CAV1 with MetS in adult Arab individuals. Method: The CAV1 rs1997623 was genotyped in three cohorts of Arabs (n=479) , South Asians (n=660) and South East Asians (n=362) . MetS status of the individuals was diagnosed using the IDF criteria (i.e., presence of central obesity and of at least two abnormalities of high TG, low HDL, hypertension, or type 2 diabetes) . The quantitative measure of MetS was calculated as siMS=2*WC/Height + FBG/5.6 + TG/1.7 + SBP/130 - HDL/1.02 for males or HDL/1.28 for females. Allelic associations with quantitative and dichotomous traits were assessed using linear and logistic regression, respectively, with and adjustment for age and sex. CAV1 transcripts were quantified in adipose tissues from a cohort of 50 Arab individuals differing in siMS score. Results: The CAV1 variant was significantly associated with MetS status (OR=1.8[1.25-2.61]; P-value=0.0015; Pemp=0.0013) and with siMS (Effect size = 0.206; P-value=0.0035; Pemp=0.0028) in the cohort of Arab individuals. The variant was weakly and insignificantly associated in the cohorts of South Asian and South East Asian individuals (OR= 1.and 1.11; P-values= 0.25 and 0.67, respectively) . siMS scores correlated positively with mRNA levels of CAV1 in adipose tissue. Conclusion: The association of CAV1 rs1997623 C/A with MetS in Arab pediatric is now demonstrated in adults as well. Higher expression levels were seen in individuals poses increasing MetS rates further validates the implication of CAV1 rs1997623 C/A variant in MetS phenotype. Only a weak association signal was seen in the South Asian and South East Asian populations leading us to propose that the CAV1 rs1997623 association with MetS is probably specific to Arab ethnicity. Disclosure A.Al madhoun: None. P.Hebbar: None. R.Nizam: None. D.Haddad: None. M.H.Dashti: None. M.Abu-farha: None. R.Ahmad: None. A.T.Thangavel: None. F.Almulla: None. Funding Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences (KFAS) and Dasman Diabetes Institute, Project RA CB-2021-007

STUDY OF ASSOCIATION OF INFLAMMATORY MARKERS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME IN PREDIABETIC PATIENTS AT TERTIARY CARE CENTER OF RAJASTHAN, INDIA

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The preferred clinical approach to cardiovascular prevention is to treat all the metabolic risk factors. Objective: The objectives is study of acute-phase reactants in MS patients. Methods: This study was conducted on 250 subjects and controls at Government Medical College and Associated Group of Hospitals Kota, Rajasthan from October 2019 to September 2021. The study group had 125 MS cases and an equal number of healthy controls. Demographic characteristic of all participants noted including age, sex, weight, and height. Results: We observed a significant rise in blood glucose, total cholesterol, S. triglyceride, S. low-density lipoprotein (LDL). S. Very LDL S. C-reactive protein (CRP), and ferritin level in MS cases when compared to control subjects, while serum high-density lipoprotein level found to be decreased in MS patients as compared to control group. Conclusion: In this study, both CRP and ferritin level are increased as the number of components of MS increased. Therefore, these inflammation parameters could accurately and timely discriminate patients with MS, according to IDF criteria, who are at increased risk for future cardiovascular events. There was a significant correlation between inflammation and the diabetic complications.

MO949: Metabolic Syndrome and Longitudinal Risk of Renal and Cardiovascular Events in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Single Center Study in Japan

Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a condition that promotes arteriosclerosis due to various arteriosclerosis risk factors such as impaired glucose tolerance, impaired lipid metabolism and hypertension, caused by insulin resistance as a result of visceral fat obesity. There have been several epidemiological studies on MetS after renal transplantation conducted in the U.S. and Europe, indicating that MetS is an accumulation of non-immunological risks of renal transplantation, which affects the patient's prognosis as well as that of the kidney. However, the incidence of MetS in Japanese renal transplant recipients is 20 to 30% and lower compared with that of American and European recipients, and its effects on cardiovascular complications and kidney prognosis are not clear. We report on the results of our long-term longitudinal study on MetS in renal transplant recipients. METHOD A total of 104 renal transplant outpatients, over 6 months after their transplants and in stable condition, were diagnosed with MetS from January 2006 and June 2007 and followed up until December 2020. The effects of MetS on outcomes including renal and cardiovascular events were studied using four diagnostic criteria [NCEP-ATP III (Japanese, original, Asian) and IDF criteria]. We performed multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to examine the association between the presence or absence of MetS and combined vascular events in renal transplant recipients. This study protocol was conducted in accordance with the Principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and the Declaration of Istanbul, and was approved by the ethics committee of Osaka City University (No. 2020–197). All analyses were performed using R ver. 4.0.3 (https://www.r-project.org/foundation/) with the ‘rms’ and ‘RcmdrPlugin.EZR’ packages. RESULTS The incidence of MetS among our renal transplant recipients in our baseline investigation was 24.0% by the NCEP-ATP III (Japanese) criteria, and our longitudinal study showed that MetS was a significant risk factor even after adjustment of background factors using the propensity score (HR: 2.82; 95% CI: 1.26–6.34, P = 0.012). In addition, the effects of MetS diagnosed using the NCEP (original), NCEP (Asian) and IDF criteria on cardiac composite events were HR: 2.39; 95% CI: 1.07–5.38, P = 0.035, HR: 2.35; 95% CI: 1.00–5.55, P = 0.051, and HR: 1.90; 95% CI: 0.84–4.31, P = 0.12, respectively. CONCLUSION Although the incidence of MetS in Japanese renal transplant recipients was lower compared to that of American and European renal transplant recipients, our results indicated that MetS also affected cardiovascular complications and kidney prognosis in Japanese renal transplant recipients. Moreover, depending on the diagnostic criteria for MetS, the HR was shown to be around 2.0–3.0.