Ideological Factors Research Articles

Unravelling national governments’ positions on EU rule of law enforcement: structural, semi-structural and ideological factors

ABSTRACT The Council’s enforcement inaction regarding the rule of law crisis has been endlessly criticised by scholars and commentators. However, there is currently no theoretically parsimonious explanation of why some national governments oppose enforcement whilst others are more inclined to support it. We address this question by considering structural (time of accession), semi-structural (contributions to, or receipts from, the EU budget and democratic quality) and circumstantial (partisanship, ideology, EU integration stance) conditions. We use Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) to test the impact of these conditions on governments’ positions from 2016 to 2021. Findings show relatively stable preferences on enforcement within Member States, despite changes in the ideology of the ruling party. Time of accession, having a high quality of democracy and being a net contributor to the budget emerges as the most robust combination of conditions to explain strong pro-enforcement preferences. In contrast, governments of newer Member States that are net recipients of funds tend to be more reluctant to enforce the rule of law. While ideology lacks sufficient parsimonious explanatory power, it is particularly relevant for explaining extreme anti-enforcement reactions.

Manifestations of the phatic principle in the 1920s–1930s national literatures of the North Caucasus

The work contains analytical information about the processes of aesthetic unification and national identity of the North Caucasian literatures of the early twentieth century. The consideration is based on reflections on the nature of the ideological factors that influenced the division of national literatures into "traditional" and "newly written". The problem of continuity and isolation of the national literatures of the North Caucasus, the issues of ideological and artistic enrichment of Balkar literature with the principles of Soviet literature are analyzed. The methodology of the article is based on the Marxist-Leninist concept of the legacy of the past, which formed new judgments about national literatures. It is about the preservation of archetypes of different levels and comparing the degree of this preservation in the North Caucasian and Russian literatures.

GIS-based analysis of anti-Asian hate speech and its socioeconomic and ideological drivers in the United States during the early COVID-19 pandemic

Anti-Asian racism and xenophobia surged on social media during the COVID-19 pandemic, fueling discrimination and violence against Asians and Asian Americans in the United States. This study aims to understand the spatial patterns of Anti-Asian hate speech (AAHS) and identify the socioeconomic and ideological factors that may influence its emergence. Using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools, including hotspot analysis, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), we analyzed several socioeconomic and ideological factors to understand their impact on the spatial variability of AAHS risk levels. Our models show AAHS hotspots tend to cluster in suburban areas near the metropolitan and micropolitan regions. Our OLS model identifies three significant socioeconomic factors: the poverty level is negatively correlated with the AAHS risk level, but both high education level and diversity index demonstrate positive correlations with the AAHS risk level. The GWR model further explored local spatial patterns of how these factors influence AAHS levels. We suggest that anti-Asian sentiments may be driven by dominant groups fearing the loss of their identity and socioeconomic security. Additionally, in diverse areas, pandemic-related crises can exacerbate existing intergroup tensions, with structural inequalities further deepening divisions. Policymakers can leverage these findings to develop strategies aimed at mitigating the factors contributing to hate speech and effectively combating it. Future studies can expand on our findings to develop more robust theoretical frameworks for understanding these patterns.

The Shift in Political Ideology and Variations in Welfare Perceptions Across Generations: A Comparative Analysis of Recent Korean Administrations

ABSTRACT This study examines generational differences in welfare perceptions in Korean society amid social change. Using Korean Welfare Panel Study (KOWEPS) data from the Moon Jae-in and Yoon Suk-yeol administrations, we analyse how political ideology influences welfare views across generations. Results indicate that generational cohorts and political ideologies significantly shape perspectives on social class, equality and welfare policies. The administrative transition notably affected welfare perceptions, emphasising the need to consider both generational and ideological factors in policy development. These findings highlight the importance of addressing generational economic concerns while balancing diverse ideological welfare preferences.

Государственная символика России как средство гражданского воспроизводства исторической традиции, духовных ценностей и культурной идентификации

The article examines the philosophical and social meanings of the representation of state symbols. State symbols are aimed at the formation of identification civil determinants based on historical and spiritual values having cultural and civilizational, psychologically deterministic and ideologically formative social dimensions. Within the framework of the socio-philosophical analysis, the cultural, religious, and ideological factors of the meaning formation of state symbols, addressed to the connection between government and civil society, were considered. The state, as a guarantee of the orderliness, stability and security of public relations, significant for citizens as a single community, correlates in symbolic meanings with the individual values of individual life through such conceptual forms as “homeland”, “patriotism”, “citizenship”. As examples confirming the importance of symbolic meanings in the specified aspects, some historical and modern events that influenced civic identification processes are given.

Теоретичні дискусії про розвиток грошової системи в межах РЕВ (1949–1991 рр.)

The study of the past economic and financial experience of communication between geopolitical and geo-economic blocks has become useful and important today when we are witnessing a growing fragmentation of the global economy, the emergence of new economic blocs based on different ideological and conceptual models of economy and society. Our interest in the Comecon (The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, also CMEA) is inspired by the particular organization of the monetary system and its clearing mechanism. The purpose of this paper is to present and discuss some of the major ideas and views on the development of the collective currency and the monetary mechanisms within the Comecon, which lasted from 1949 to 1991. We also present the evolution of the socialist integration, which emerged as an alternative to capitalist integration as a direct result of the WWII. In the first part, we present the basic principles of socialist integration and the role of international socialist currency. In the second part, we focus on the main stages in the evolution of the collective currency and monetary relations, and some theoretical and practical limits of the transferable rouble. We are interested in finding out why the socialist integration and the monetary system developed within Comecon failed. The leaders of the socialist countries attempted various conceptual models. They encountered the constraints of political and ideological factors. They failed to find a mechanism by which to leapfrog the trapdoor of bilateralism and national planning, despite advances in specialization. The socialist countries were more and more attracted by countries with market and capitalist mechanisms of coordination. We argue that the diversity of experience and ideas could be mobilized in order to find solutions to the challenges in the context of the deepening global political and economic fragmentation.

Three decades of research on the model of investment in applied linguistics: a bibliometric analysis and research agenda

ABSTRACT As of 2024, nearly three decades have passed since Bonny Norton introduced the investment model. This bibliometric review analyses research on this model using metadata from 424 publications indexed in the Web of Science database. Employing bibliometric techniques, the study identifies and visually presents significant sources, countries, institutions, and leading authors. It also examines influential works through h-classics publications. The findings reveal (a) a consistent increase in research related to the investment model over the past decade; (b) a broad range of dissemination sources across disciplines like linguistics, sociolinguistics, education, psychology, cultural studies, and sociology; (c) the prominent role of Norton in research and collaborations; and (d) a strong focus on language learners and teachers’ identity construction and agency, multilingual education, language learning and teaching investment, and cultural and ideological factors, with significant attention to technology and power dynamics. Additionally, the review of the h-classics suggests future research directions, including the (dis)investments of international students, immigrants, and asylum seekers in learning languages other than English (LOTEs), investments in teaching LOTEs in Asia and exploration of language teacher identities and their challenges related to race, sexual orientation, and legitimacy. This research is essential for advancing inclusive language education in multilingual contexts.

Ideological Manipulation in Aljazeera Live News Interpretation: A Normative Study

Translation and Interpretation has long been scrutinised from the linguistic, social, and cultural perspectives, with a recent emphasis on the impact of social, cultural, and ideological factors on translation. Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS), pioneered by Gideon Toury, prioritise understanding translations within social and cultural contexts rather than prescribing norms. Political news translation and interpretation, particularly in conflict contexts, underscores the sensitive and controversial nature of translation decisions as they are influenced by political and ideological stances. This study investigates the dominant norms shaping the interpretating of international news on Al-Jazeera’s Live Channel. Through qualitative content analysis guided by Toury’s framework, the prevailing interpreting norms were identified. Analyses revealed the dominance of target-oriented norms in Al-Jazeera’s interpreters, reflecting adherence to the target culture's social, cultural, and ideological norms. The study contributes to our understanding of interpreting as a socially-embedded practice and its implications for political discourse and ideological representation.

The implementation process of decentralization of health services: a qualitative perspective from Sudan.

Health system reform initiatives have increasingly embraced decentralization as a key trend. The implementation process and its outcomes are influenced by a myriad of factors, including economic forces, political dynamics, and ideological factors. Comprehending and carefully examining the implementation phase of decentralization and its consequences to achieve desired outcomes is crucial. Notably, this phase is often considered the weakest aspect of policy reforms, especially in developing countries. Therefore, this study aimed to explore and analyze the implementation phase of decentralization and its implications as essentials for achieving intended goals. The study objectives evolved around examining the entire decentralization as a multifaceted social and political process in Khartoum State, Sudan, from its early stages of decision-making, policy formulation, and implementation process and the influencing contextual factors. This study was an exploratory qualitative study that employed in-depth interviews to gather perspectives of healthcare providers and policymakers, semi-structured observations, and thematic analysis. The study utilized Grindle's framework for analysis. This study revealed a political nature of decision-making, with a top-down approach to the implementation, which also lacked stakeholder involvement. It showed a lack of transparency, official documentation, and proper handover procedures from the Ministry of Health to the devolved hospitals during the implementation process. A conflict of interest between the federal and the state level was also reported. It is important to note that this process occurred within the context of structural adjustment program (SAP) schemes, which had already empowered the private sector in Sudan. This study documented the implementation process of decentralization of health services and its influencing factors. The study recommended reforming the decentralization policy through consultative stakeholder involvement and by implementing a concurrent responsibility paradigm that divides authority between the federal and state levels.

Homeschooling as an extension of school choice in the Czech Republic after the COVID-19 pandemic?

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to examine the homeschooling and its recent development in Czechia as part of the school choice debate. The study analyses the different attitudes towards homeschooling among different groups within the Czech population and the underlying demographic, socio-economic, and ideological factors that may be behind these differences, as well as analysing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on this form of education in Czech society. The analysis of the nationally representative data shows that public support for homeschooling increased significantly after the COVID-19 pandemic, reaching its highest level in 2023. We found that the typical supporter of homeschooling tends to be a younger, highly educated person who lives in the large city or in its suburbs, is committed to democratic and liberal principles, is critical of totalitarian systems, and sees the legal possibility of homeschooling as an extension of the existing school choice.

The Ideological Factor Strengthens Political Identity for Increasing Vote in General Elections in Indonesia

Identity politics is a threat to democracy in many countries, including Indonesia. At the same time, in Indonesia, the number of Muslim voters reached 80%. Muslim voters are the majority group and are vulnerable to identity politics, given their character that is easily influenced to follow certain behaviors. This research has an urgency to reveal how big the threat of identity politics is to Muslim voters, especially in Malang Regency, East Java. The choice of Malang Regency, East Java, as the object of the research is attributed to the fact that the majority of the population in that location are traditional Muslims, and Muslim educational institutions, such as Islamic boarding schools and Muslim schools, are the most numerous in East Java. This research uses a qualitative analytical approach to reveal the phenomenon of identity politics among Muslim voters carried out by political parties. The findings of this research revealed that identity politics is strengthening among Muslim voters, driven by three factors: political elites, mass media, and institutions. This is relevant to the theory put forward by Theresia Kuhn. However, there are other factors that strengthen identity politics that are not put forward by Kuhn, namely, ideological factors. The ideology of the party is the same as the ideology of the majority of voters. This is a novelty in this study, which differs from Kuhn’s research and other studies. Keywords: Muslim voters, identity politics in Indonesia, political parties

Metatheoretical Foundations of Educational Theory. Selected Aspects

This article presents metatheoretical analyses. Their subject is educational theory, while the aim is to formulate descriptive metatheoretical remarks on selected aspects of the functioning of educational theory as a sub-discipline of pedagogical science. To that end, the article provides terminological, definitional, historical and functional considerations regarding the metatheory and theory of education. In particular, it addresses the difficulties in defining educational theory, its normative and descriptive character and its dependence on worldview and ideological factors.

BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE: URBAN VIOLENCE IN THE CITY OF CAMPINA GRANDE-PB

Urban and rural violence in Brazil affects the development and appropriation of public spaces. Rising crime generates fear, reducing interaction in urban environments and favoring their privatization. Campina Grande, a medium-sized city, faces challenges typical of large centers, such as violence that restricts the use of public areas. This study analyzes how violence influences the appropriation of these spaces, highlighting socioeconomic, legal, and ideological factors that shape their perception and use. The study seeks to understand the impact of violence on quality of life and the right to the city, exploring urban reorganization strategies. The research uses data from public agencies, such as IBGE and the Ministry of Justice, as well as academic sources, to map neighborhoods with the highest crime rates. The study reveals that violence in Campina Grande has fluctuated over the last two decades, with an increase until 2016 and a recent recovery. However, vulnerable areas such as Bodocongó and Malvinas remain impacted, with insecurity and a lack of infrastructure limiting the use of public spaces, reinforcing urban segregation. Even with the reduction in violence rates, the perception of insecurity still hinders social interaction in these places.

Evolving Representations of Childhood: A Diachronic Analysis of the Lexeme Child in British Newspapers from the 18th To 21st Centuries

This article investigates the semantic evolution of the lexeme CHILD in British newspaper discourse from the 18th to the 21st centuries, employing a diachronic approach and cognitive semantics framework. The study utilizes lexical analysis and frame modelling methodologies to trace changes in the lexical meaning of the lexeme CHILD during the mentioned period, drawing on dictionaries and newspaper archives. Findings reveal a dynamic semantic structure characterized by the emergence of new meanings and the persistence of core components like 'person' and 'juvenile'. The analysis identifies shifts influenced by societal, cultural, and ideological factors, reflecting changes in societal perceptions and linguistic representations over time. This research contributes to understanding how a language mirrors and shapes societal attitudes towards childhood across centuries, emphasizing the role of newspaper discourse in framing cultural norms and perceptions.

Economic Understanding of Society: A Comparison of Marx and Weber

This paper explores the economic understanding of society through a comparative analysis of Karl Marx and Max Weber, two foundational figures in sociology. Marx’s theory of historical materialism posits that economic structures, comprising the forces and relations of production, fundamentally determine societal organization and development. His model emphasizes the primacy of the economic base in shaping the superstructure, which includes culture, politics, and ideology. Marx's perspective on capitalism focuses on class struggle, exploitation, and the transformative potential of revolutionary change. In contrast, Weber offers a multidimensional approach that incorporates cultural and ideological factors into the analysis of capitalism. His concept of the "Protestant Ethic" illustrates how religious values influenced the development of capitalist economic systems, while his broader framework of rationalization and bureaucracy highlights the complex interplay between economic and non-economic elements in modern society. Weber’s view of social stratification as a combination of class, status, and party further contrasts with Marx’s more economically centered analysis. This comparative study reveals the distinct methodologies and conceptual frameworks of Marx and Weber, enriching the understanding of economic structures and their implications for social organization and change.

Redefining Climate Change as a National Security Issue: Local Climate Adaptation as a Communicative Point

Climate change is already taking a toll in the United States and globally and thereby threatens public safety and challenges national security. This reality requires educating the American public about climate change in tandem with security. However, climate change is not usually associated with national security to the public, although the climate security framework may accelerate to buffer the combative posture from the climate-dismissive and reduce polarization amongst political parties. In this study, we seek to provide an in-depth understanding of barriers to climate communication by bringing together climate politics and communication literature. We identify information silo effect and ideological factors that cause both conservative and liberal individuals to believe a certain way about certain issues and use motivated reasoning to justify those beliefs. We also suggest a potentially viable way to educate people about climate change and expand the notion of national security in public discourses. We argue that to help individuals see climate change as a security issue, climate communication should focus on fostering community resilience with local climate issues. In this way, policymakers can avoid getting trapped in an infinite loop of debate about climate science and overcome polarization while helping communities understand climate change as a national security issue and adapt to climate-induced impacts on ecosystem and community viability.

Construction of TCM Institution Image: A Corpus-Based Comparative Critical Discourse Study of Chinese and Western Mainstream Media Reports

This study conducts a corpus-assisted comparative analysis of the media images of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) institutions in Chinese and Western media contexts. Applying Fairclough’s three-dimensional critical discourse analysis (CDA) model alongside the TCM Social Image Evaluation Index System, this study explores media image construction and ideological factors shaping the perception of TCM institutions globally through an analysis of linguistic features in keywords, evaluative collocates and modal verbs. It’s found that Chinese media present TCM institutions in a positive light, depicting them as multifaceted organizations with a rich cultural legacy and robust capabilities in medical and scientific research. They showcase TCM institutions as cooperative, promising in integration with modern healthcare, efficient, rapid, flexible, innovative, and imbued with humanitarian values especially during the COVID-19 epidemic. Western media, however, adopt a more cautious stance. They tend to frame TCM institutions as providers of alternative medicine and temporary solutions, with a focus on health preservation, leisure and overall well-being. Concerns have also been raised about the potential illicit activities associated with some massage schools. These disparities in presenting TCM institutions reflect cultural, political and audience demand differences between China and the West. The results of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the media portrayal of TCM institutions, provide insights into the challenges facing the global recognition and acceptance of TCM institutions, and suggest strategies for Chinese media, TCM practitioners, and policymakers to enhance their international image.

Terrorism as a Transnational Crime that Threatens Indonesia

This paper aims to (1) analyze Indonesia's vulnerability against terrorism; and (2) analyze efforts to counter-terrorism in Indonesia. In compiling this paper, the author collected secondary data in the form of written documentaries, namely mass media articles, journal articles and relevant books. The study results indicate that terrorism is a transnational crime with a major threat to the nation and state. In Indonesia there have been several acts of suicide bombing terrorism in the name of religious teachings. Suicide bomb terrorists consider this to be a sacred duty that is obligatory and of great benefit to their group. Indonesia's vulnerability to terrorism is determined by demographic, geographic, economic and ideological factors. Advances in information and communication technology and the increase in the number of internet users in Indonesia can also provide opportunities for cyberterrorism to occur. In carrying out counter-terrorism, the Indonesian government implements pre-emptive, preventive and repressive efforts. One of the counter-terrorism programs that raises pros and cons in Indonesian society is the involvement of the TNI. According to the author, the TNI should only be involved in counter-terrorism assistance if the National Police and BNPT experience difficulties or obstacles. A military counter-terrorism approach has the potential to violate human rights, especially against parties who are merely suspected of having been exposed to radical ideology.

Analisis Sejarah Penyebab Awal Konflik antara Amerika Serikat dan Iran

The conflict between the United States and Iran is one of the most prominent and complex geopolitical issues in the world. This research aims to analyze the initial causes of the conflict between the two countries from a historical perspective. It begins in the early 20th century with the increasing Western interest in Iranian oil and covers the fall of Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh in 1953 through a CIA-backed coup, which was a pivotal moment affecting bilateral relations. The study also examines the 1979 Iranian Revolution, which ended the US-backed Shah's regime and marked the start of open hostility. Using historical research methods and document analysis, the study identifies economic, political, and ideological factors that contributed to the escalation of the conflict. The findings show that a combination of foreign intervention, economic interests, and domestic political changes in Iran have played a crucial role in shaping the hostility between the United States and Iran. These insights provide a deeper understanding of the root causes underlying the ongoing conflict.

Psychosocial determinants of adolescents' attitudes toward disclosing dating violence.

This study combined a person-oriented approach with a psychosocial framework of help-seeking to examine factors associated with the intent to disclose dating violence among developing adolescents. Data came from adolescents in middle and high school in a rural area in the southeastern United States, who were surveyed annually for 4 years (Nwave 1 = 580; Mage = 13 years, SD = 1.48; 52.7% female; 49% Black, 39% White, 11% Hispanic, or other minorities). Results confirm expectations that intraindividual (adolescent views on violence and safety); interindividual (peer and family dynamics); positional (gender, having a supportive adult); and ideological factors are all significant predictors of patterns in help-seeking attitudes. However, predictive relevance of some factors varied across help-seeking groups and data collection periods, supporting the differential effects hypothesis. For example, while greater friend social support increased the odds of belonging to "friend confidants," it simultaneously decreased the odds of being a member of "parent confidants" and "moderate help-seekers" groups. Additionally, the influence of family functioning tended to decrease over time, eventually losing its explanatory value at Wave 4. The article concludes by discussing how integration of a person-centered methodological approach with a robust theoretical foundation advances our understanding of variability in adolescents' responses to dating violence. Consideration of diversity in adolescent intentions to react to interpersonal violence is discussed further in the context of policy and practice to enhance protective options and prevent or minimize harm. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).