Ideological Shift Research Articles

Democracy as Political Jihad: Evaluating Yusuf Qaradhawi's Vision and its Application in Indonesia

This article examines the influence of Western secular thought on Islamic civilization, focusing on its repercussions within the political domain. The dominance of secular politics, which often conflicts with Islamic values, poses a significant challenge to Islamic governance principles. In response to this ideological shift, Yusuf Qaradhawi has called for a political reformation grounded in Islamic teachings, framing this transformative effort as a form of jihad. To investigate this perspective, the study employs qualitative research methods, specifically library-based research, and document analysis. Primary data is sourced from Yusuf Qaradhawi's own writings, while secondary data includes a range of books, scholarly journals, bulletins, and encyclopedias pertinent to the topic. The analysis reveals that the core principles of democracy—such as the right of citizens to elect their leaders freely—are compatible with Islamic values. However, the study also identifies notable deviations from these democratic ideals in practice. In the context of Indonesia, where Islamic values have been incorporated into the democratic framework, discrepancies between theoretical principles and actual political practices remain significant. This paper not only highlights the alignment between Islamic principles and democratic values but also critically assesses the challenges and inconsistencies faced in their implementation.

Between Tradition and Revolution

Over the past century, the trajectory of gender equality in Vietnam has been marked by a nuanced interplay of historical contexts, societal norms, and ideological shifts. A burgeoning women�s movement has emerged, favoring the term �gender equality� over �feminism� in private and public spheres. Gender equality has historically challenged traditional norms, notably during times of war, reshaping gender roles. Under communism, gender equality became static, confining feminism within a framework of patriotism and heroism. The persistence of gender equality is revealed in the context of a complex and contested amalgam of Western feminist ideas and historical antecedents. This article delves into the evolution of gender roles in Vietnam, exploring how communism and wartime conditions influenced feminism from the national liberation era to the Vietnam War. The article argues that the patriarchal structure present in a longstanding culture of Confucianism in Vietnam does not inherently obstruct gender equality and women's rights. Instead, it stems from changing women�s roles outside the domestic sphere to heroism during war efforts. Vietnamese women�s movement, before the term �gender equality,� emerged during wartime but did not contest feminism. The notion of gender equality has become static; however, feminism is still contested and has yet to be imported to this day. Keywords: Feminism, Gender Equality, War, Communism, Vietnam.

Analyzing semantic shifts in English and German by exploring historical influences and societal dynamics

This research examines the mechanisms of semantic change in English and German, focusing on comparing and contrasting these processes across the two languages and investigating the influence of major historical events and societal shifts. By utilizing digital text corpora, libraries, archives, and modern digital media, the study conducts qualitative analyses, including case studies and discourse analysis, to explore semantic evolution. Thematic analysis was employed to thoroughly examine and interpret the data, allowing for the identification of recurring patterns, themes, and significant insights. The results showed that both English and German undergo significant semantic shifts driven by a metaphorical extension (i.e., narrowing or broadening of meanings, pejoration and amelioration, frequency and pathway of change, cultural and historical influences) and historical events and societal shifts that influence semantic change (i.e., wars and conflicts, industrialization, technological advancement, globalization, and cultural exchange, societal movements, and ideological shifts). The role of metaphorical extension is seen in adapting language to technological advancements while highlighting linguistic evolution through narrowing and broadening meanings influenced by cultural, historical, and linguistic factors. Additionally, pejoration and amelioration reflect societal changes and attitudes. Historical events and societal shifts, such as wars, industrialization, technological advancements, globalization, and social movements, significantly impact semantic changes in both English and German. These external influences catalyze language use and meaning shifts, illustrating the interaction between language and human experience.

The Transition of the United States from World Leader to Hegemony During the Cold War

This text scrutinizes how, during the span of the Cold War, particularly at the commencement of hostilities, the United States metamorphosed from a world leader to a dominion of hegemonic might. It perceives the Cold War as a period of ideological corruption within a nation’s ethos. The article first assesses the United States’ geopolitical status before World War II and signs of its role as a world leader, then discusses the role and performance of the United States as a world leader through its actions during and after World War II. Subsequently, it analyzes the transition to U.S. hegemony, using Modelski’s model and Wallerstein’s theory to study the shift in U.S. global strategy and influence, with key events such as the Marshall Plan. The article also examines the ideological shift within the United States during this period, including the impacts of policies from Roosevelt to Truman to Eisenhower. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of key shifts in the geopolitical image of the United States during the Cold War. It bridges geopolitical analysis with critical theory, providing fresh insights into the subtleties of U.S. foreign policy and its global impact.

TRANSFORMATION OF THE PRACTICE OF GIVING 'LIN WELIN LETO WOTER' IN KROWE ETHNIC MARRIAGES: ANALYSIS OF CAUSAL FACTORS AND COMMUNITY RESPONSE

This research explores the transformation of the practice of giving "Lin Welin Leto Woter" in Krowe ethnic marriages in Sikka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, examining the influence of ideological, social, and material factors. Using qualitative methodology, data were collected through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The results reveal ideological shifts driven by modernity and globalization, social tensions triggered by manipulation within the community, and economic impacts driving adaptation. Despite facing challenges, the Krowe community demonstrates resilience by incorporating personal symbols and adjusting practices. Traditional terms persist alongside new practices, reflecting cultural continuity. From a theoretical perspective, these practices reflect the flexibility of cultural symbols, inviting further investigation. In conclusion, the Krowe community's response reaffirms their ability to navigate change while preserving cultural identity, suggesting avenues for further research and recommendations to support cultural preservation. Keywords: cultural transformation, ideological shifts, Krowe ethnic marriages, resilience, social tensions

North Carolina Caregiver Listening Study: Caregiver Experiences and Perspectives on Services and Supports in an Aging U.S. State

ABSTRACT Family caregivers experience health, financial, and social burdens related to caregiving responsibilities. North Carolina has an estimated 1.3 million caregivers, equating to a value of $13.1 billion per year. Caregiving demands warrant additional understanding of the caregiver lived experiences. Our objective was to document these North Carolina caregiver experiences during the era of COVID-19 through focus groups. Participants were recruited through diverse community organizations. All 44 caregivers who completed interest solicitation surveys were invited to participate; 29 caregivers participated across 11 groups. Thematic analysis was used to code and synthesize transcripts from each participant using Dedoose software and guided by the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ). Themes included: caregiver routines (caregiving as an all-encompassing role; dimensions of support); most challenging parts (exhaustion and defeat; lacking support; evolving relationships); most rewarding parts (care recipient resilience; quality time; sense of purpose); social service and healthcare system interactions (positive interactions; negative interactions; inaccessible services); COVID-19 impacts on caregiving (opportunities; challenges); and caregiver suggestions for system improvements (increasing financial support; improved coordination; ideological shifts). Caregivers shared unmet needs, challenges, and opportunities for improvement. Examining these needs and experience-informed recommendations can help advance additional caregiving research, policy-making, and program development.

Children’s rights organizations in Sweden and their relation to public child welfare

ABSTRACT This paper presents a mapping of the Swedish children’s rights organizations (SCROs) and an analysis of how these organizations relate to public child welfare. SCROs represent a children’s rights discourse and are active as voice and service producers in the field of social work with vulnerable children. It can be presumed that SCROs affect public child welfare and by extension vulnerable children in need of support. This warrants a mapping of the SCROs and an examination of their organizational and professional space in regard to public child welfare. In total, 22 SCROs were found through internet searches (keywords e.g. ‘children’s rights’, ‘organization’, ‘association’ and ‘commitment’) and categorized based on a qualitative content analysis of the organizations’ websites. Seven SCROs operating on a domestic level are analysed in regard to their provided voice and service efforts. The findings suggest that there has been a growth in the number and activities of SCROs. Based on critical children’s rights studies and the concept of child rights governance, the ideological shift from child protection to children’s rights among these organizations is discussed. The rhetoric of SCROs implies a positioning of public child welfare as an ultimate duty bearer, while the organizations take on an expert role. Furthermore, SCROs appear to assume the role of child rights advocates. From a critical perspective, the children’s rights discourse brought forward by SCROs involves a juridification that risks to polarize the relation between children and public child welfare as well as undermining the legitimacy of public child welfare.

Hindutva in the shadow of the Mahatma: M. S. Golwalkar, M. K. Gandhi, and the RSS in post-colonial India

Abstract While many commentators have noted the Bharatiya Janata Party’s more recent attempts at appropriating Gandhian imagery and symbolism, few have diverted their attention towards earlier attempts by Hindu Nationalists to do so. M. S. Golwalkar is the most prominent example of Hindu Nationalists who attempted to incorporate Gandhi into the pantheon of Hindutva (Hindu-ness). This article argues that Golwalkar reproduced Gandhian ideas as part of Hindu Nationalist thought, alongside carefully and consciously portraying himself as an ascetic politician, much like Gandhi, in the post-colonial leg of his career. He crafted a mode of Hindutva politics whereby his image as an extraordinarily able-bodied yogi became an archetype that was touted as a model for every swayamsevak to follow. Furthermore, the ideological shifts that are visible in Golwalkar’s later publications created greater room in Hindutva thought to incorporate Gandhi’s ideas and legacy into the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh’s (RSS) ideological fold. Doing so allowed Golwalkar to tackle the challenges the RSS faced after Gandhi’s assassination. This article locates Golwalkar and the RSS in the shadow of the Mahatma to not only broaden the understanding of Gandhi’s legacy in post-colonial India but also to prompt a reappraisal of the nature of Hindutva itself. By exploring the Sangh’s deep appropriation of Gandhi’s ideas and legacy, one can begin to understand the malleable and flexible nature of the otherwise narrow majoritarian Hindu Nationalist project.

Emerging penality: Shifting ideologies, reconciliations and clashes

Drawing on ethnographic research in the only women's prison in Latvia, this article examines the impact of the ideological shift from socialism to neoliberalism on the way women's imprisonment operates. The aim is to provide a more nuanced understanding of how the transition from the Soviet regime to a market-led neoliberal economy has impacted women's imprisonment in the Global East, while challenging the neglect of this area by mainstream criminological scholarship. The ideological rupture introduced ‘governing through freedom’, which has currently resulted in a sophisticated amalgam of penal power fusing the Soviet legacy, which informs the ‘eastern soft power’, a rights-based approach and other western influences such as sentence planning based on inmate risks and needs. These developments have significantly transformed the power dynamics in a Latvia women's prison. On the one hand, these changes have improved staff–prisoner relationships and assisted the implementation of international rules for the treatment of prisoners while on the other, they have led to more complex, individualized and distant relationships between the women prisoners.

An EV-fix for Indonesia: the green development-resource nationalist nexus

ABSTRACT The global energy transition is disrupting old industries needing to decarbonise. Meanwhile, resource-rich countries stand to benefit from the rush for ‘energy-transition minerals’. Here, institutional investors and governments promote climate policies compatible with natural resource extraction. This begs the question: How have extractive conglomerates reorganised their interests to benefit from the energy transition? Focusing on the nickel extraction to lithium battery to EV industry in Indonesia, this article contends that the intersection of decarbonisation, developmentalism, and resource nationalism offer extractive capital an ‘EV-fix’ for declining legitimacy. This is more than an ideological shift, as new alliances of state capital, domestic conglomerates, politicians and international battery and EV manufacturers are forged under a ‘green development-resource nationalist nexus’.

The Interplay of Historical Foundations, Resource Dynamics, and Ideological Frameworks in the Shaping of Tanzania's Foreign Policy Landscape: Practicability of the Dependency Theory

This article analyzes three key variables - ideology, history, and resources - to get a deeper insight into the intricate dynamics shaping Tanzania's foreign policy. The research examines how the country's diplomatic environment is influenced by resource considerations, historical legacies, and ideological shifts within the framework of dependence theory. The findings from the survey show various perspectives on the influence of history, which is consistent with the emphasis of dependence theory on historical variables shaping foreign policy. The examination of resource contributions emphasizes the pressing necessity for policy reform, endorsing the suggestion of dependence theory for strategic resource utilization to reduce external constraints. Tanzania's strategic focus on developing economic partnerships outside of Western markets is evident in its ideological aspect. This is in line with the suggestion of dependency theory to reduce reliance on a certain set of trading partners in order to enhance the country's ability to navigate changing global economic trends. Key Informant Interviews support the study's theoretical framework and demonstrate the ongoing influence of historical personalities such as Julius Nyerere on Tanzania's foreign policy. The study's findings resulted in three significant recommendations. To establish diplomatic partnerships that honour past legacies while adapting to current geopolitical circumstances, it is advisable to take a sophisticated approach to historical connections. Implementing thorough policy change is recommended to strategically protect and utilize national resources in global contexts. Finally, it is recommended to take a proactive approach to diverse economic relationships in alignment with the broader pan-African objective of reducing dependence on specific trade partners. valuable guidance for decision-makers navigating the complex process of developing foreign policy.

Introduction to special issue: languages in modern day Puerto Rico

Abstract This introduction to our special issue surveys some of the current work undertaken by scholars on the island of Puerto Rico and abroad that document the language forms, uses, and ideologies of language in the U.S. territory. We provide the “total linguistic fact” (Silverstein 1985) of what it means to speak English and Spanish in Puerto Rico, Census projections of language use, self-reported data and actual documented work on the form and social uses of languages. We provide the sociohistorical context of the history of both Spanish and English on the Island, language policies across time, and how these have played out and been contested in real time. Setting the scene for our special issue, we ask our readers to think critically on the status of contact languages in globalized times, ideological shifts of language practices, and the intimate ties between language and identity.

An institutional perspective on the shifts in banking and capitalist ideology: sustainability, social and environmental insights

PurposeThis paper investigates the development of moralised business ideologies (MBIs) amongst sustainable banks as they navigate social and environmental business prospects.Design/methodology/approachEmpirical evidence is drawn from top-management-level interviews with 16 UK-based small and medium-sized banks that specialise in financing social and environmental projects.FindingsMBIs have emerged in the literature review and empirical data analysis as a new concept taken on by sustainable banks with roots closer to sustainability such as ethical practices, moralised values, sustainable business models and ecological standards. The results confirm that MBIs help banking institutions create a more sustained positive impact in terms of social and environmental business opportunities.Originality/valueThis paper offers novel evidence on the intersection between banking and MBIs, with a focus on social, sustainability and environmental considerations.

Theoretical Analysis of the Integration of Entrepreneurship and Professional Education in Higher Vocational Education

This paper provides a theoretical analysis of integrating entrepreneurship education and professional education in higher vocational institutions. It examines the essence of entrepreneurship as a teachable set of knowledge and skills rather than purely innate traits. The core qualities of entrepreneurship are outlined, stemming from psychological attributes, skills, and opportunity-seizing abilities. The social ideo-logical shifts enabling the rise of entrepreneurship education are explored, centered on pragmatism and colleges expanding social service role. The relationship between vocational and entrepreneurship education is discussed, arguing they have a profound intrinsic connection based on shared knowledge foundations and service values that allow mutual promotion. Integrating the two through curricular design can cultivate professional entrepreneurs with knowledge of entrepreneurship capacities. The teachability of entrepreneurship and the mutually reinforcing nature of vocational and entrepreneurship education provide the basis for their integration to enhance talent development.

Opportunities from adversity: The enabling impact of the COVID-19 pandemic for the actions of Finnish and Californian food and beverage ventures

Crises act as critical episodes for entrepreneurs, bringing about unexpected changes and heightened uncertainty. Yet crises can also have an enabling impact, creating new opportunities. This study explores how the COVID-19 pandemic enabled new opportunities for 30 Finnish and 34 Californian food and beverage ventures. We demonstrate how the pandemic enabled the ventures’ crisis responses through various different types of mechanisms in various pairings and with different logics of enablement. Our findings suggest that the crisis profile and entrepreneurial action interact to shape the impact of the crisis and the ability of ventures to leverage its enabling effect. The enabler mechanisms can result straightforwardly from changes not only in resources and demand, but also in a more complex manner due to the ideological shifts arising from crises. Also, the mechanisms pair with each other to enable ventures’ actions, either working concurrently or consecutively. Oftentimes, the creative manner in which the ventures leverage these pairings resembles bricolage. Better awareness of how the crisis-induced enabler mechanisms operate and interact can lead to more effective and resilient crisis responses.

Unveiling ideological shifts in news trans‑editing

Abstract This article expands on previous research on news trans-editing by examining the relationship between ideology and language. Using a conceptual framework that combines critical discourse analysis with narrative analysis, the study analyses a corpus of trans-edited news articles on the 2014 Hong Kong protests. These articles were collected from Reference News, along with their source texts from various English-language international media. Narrative analysis was conducted using NVivo computer-assisted tools, including cluster analysis, word frequency and matrix coding. The findings reveal significant shifts in the narratives between the original and trans-edited versions, indicating that the trans-editors recontextualised the news narratives by determining the narrators, retroversions and frequency of the narrative texts. These results suggest that news trans-editing is not a neutral process, but is rather influenced by the ideological stance of the news outlet.

Innovating the humanities, reimagining the future: empirical evidence from virtual reality practice in China

ABSTRACT The influence of digital technologies on culture and the liberal arts is a global phenomenon. To contribute a non-Western perspective to such debates, this article considers the uptake of virtual reality technology in Chinese humanities education via the policy lens of a higher education reform called New Humanities Education, which was issued by the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China in 2018. The paper draws on the concept of a ‘techno-cultural imaginary’ to show how the humanities and STEM fields have merged and have contributed to the task of national rejuvenation in the past decade. Drawing on interviews with virtual reality practitioners in universities and industry, the results indicate two ideological shifts in humanities education in China: The first is a shift from praising scholar-officials (shi) to praising academic entrepreneurs; and the second is from valuing knowledge to valuing power. The article argues that those being cultivated and nurtured in the contemporary Chinese humanities education system are expected to become pragmatic problem-solvers rather than critical thinkers.

PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TENTANG MENAFSIRKAN ARAH POLITIK DAN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK

In the context of interpreting political direction, individuals are often concerned with several key factors:Public Policy: The interpretation of political direction is often related to the analysis of public policies proposed, passed or enacted by the government. This includes policies in areas such as the economy, education, health, environment and security.Political Trends: Individuals also pay attention to long-term political trends, including shifts in political ideology, support for specific political parties, and electoral dynamics.Political Leadership: Interpretation of political direction also includes analysis of political leadership, including leadership style, proposed policies and responses to key issues. Social and Economic Context: The social and economic context also plays an important role in the interpretation of political direction. Individuals consider factors such as unemployment rates, economic inequality, changing demographics and social tensions. Community Involvement: People's involvement in the political process, including participation in elections, protests, and social movements, is also a factor considered in the interpretation of political direction. This research is a qualitative approach research with descriptive mode data type, which seeks to present objective facts in accordance with the conditions that occurred at the time the research was conducted. Qualitative descriptive research seeks to describe all existing symptoms or circumstances, namely the state of the symptoms according to what they are at the time the research was conducted. Conclusions about community perceptions of interpretations of political direction and public policy Communities have a variety of views and interpretations of political direction and public policy. Factors such as cultural, social, economic and educational backgrounds can influence the way people see and understand government measures.

The Left Wing Turn to Human Rights in Tunisia

AbstractThis article explores the turn to human rights of Tunisian Maoist activists in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Many of these Tunisians later became human rights activists. I argue against prevailing views that ideological changes toward human rights in the late 1970s were the result of paradigmatic ideological shifts or the demise of socialist, anti-imperialist thinking, or an outcome of international human rights norm diffusion. Doubt or loss of faith in some or all parts of Marxism-Leninism led to a diversity of ideological transformations that were complex and hybrid. Drawing on interviews with former Tunisian Maoists, as well as on their writings, the article outlines the political and ideological environment in which they operated. It describes their solidarity work for political prisoners and explores their encounter with Amnesty International as well as the Tunisian League for Human Rights in its first years of existence, showcasing how multiple approaches to human rights existed among the activists.

History of the development of pedagogy and psychology in China and Kazakhstan

Relevance. Knowledge of the transformation process and the history of the development of pedagogy and psychology allows extracting the necessary information for the identification of key aspects in the creation of educational methods.Purpose. The purpose of this study is to analyze the historical development of pedagogy, including preschool, secondary, and higher education, as well as psychology, in China and Kazakhstan.Methodology. In this study, theoretical (analysis, synthesis, and comparison) and empirical methods of investigating information were used. The study is based on a comparative historical analysis using which it is possible to compare the features of progress and regression in the field of education in China and Kazakhstan. The study was conducted in three stages: the investigation and collection of information from historical sources, comparison and generalisation of research data.Results. The study identified distinct stages in the development of preschool, secondary, and higher education in China, reflecting the influence of Confucian ideas, Western methodologies, and shifts in political ideologies. In Kazakhstan, the evolution of education was marked by the initial dominance of Muslim schools, followed by the integration of Soviet educational models and, more recently, the introduction of open and distance education approaches. The analysis revealed significant differences in the historical trajectories of pedagogy and psychology in the two countries, with China demonstrating a more rapid and multifaceted development compared to Kazakhstan.Conclusions. The historical analysis of the development of pedagogy and psychology in China and Kazakhstan highlights the complex interplay between cultural, political, and global factors in shaping the education systems of these countries. The findings provide valuable insights for understanding the current state and future trajectories of education in these nations, as well as informing the development of educational policies and practices that adapt to the changing needs and demands of the modern world.