Role Of Ideology Research Articles

Pancasila in the Context of Indonesian Legal Reform: A Critical Evaluation and International Debate

Pancasila, as Indonesia’s foundational ideology, plays a central role in shaping the country’s legal framework. However, its application in contemporary legal reform presents significant challenges amidst evolving societal dynamics and international legal debates. This study critically evaluates the incorporation of Pancasila within Indonesia’s legal reform processes, emphasizing its relevance in addressing domestic and global tensions. The urgency of this research stems from growing critiques of Indonesia’s legal alignment with international standards while preserving its ideological roots. Concurrently, the rise of globalization and pluralism demands an adaptive yet principled approach to Pancasila’s integration into modern legal structures. This research provides a novel perspective by analyzing specific legal cases and policy reforms where Pancasila principles have been contested or reinterpreted. Through a doctrinal and socio-legal analysis, the study examines the compatibility of Pancasila with contemporary global legal norms, including human rights, environmental law, and economic governance. Furthermore, it explores Indonesia’s engagement in international debates on the role of ideology in law, offering insights into the challenges of balancing national identity with global expectations. The findings reveal that while Pancasila remains a unifying framework, its inconsistent application risks undermining its potential to guide inclusive and sustainable legal reforms. This study contributes to the broader discourse by proposing actionable recommendations for harmonizing Pancasila with international legal developments while safeguarding Indonesia’s ideological integrity. It serves as a critical resource for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners navigating the intersection of ideology, law, and globalization.

MAIN FACTORS OF THE FORMATION OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN SOCIETY

The article identifies the main factors influencing human behavior in society, which interact with each other and, in aggregate, constitute the internal content of the environment of human existence – objective reality. These factors include everyday household, consciousness, needs, interests, values, ideology, goals, motivation and human behavior. The authors establish that the primary element of the mechanism of human behavior formation is life, which is a set of conditions, means, ways and forms of satisfaction of material and spiritual needs of individuals in the process of their joint activity, communication, and various forms of interaction. It is found that life as an integral element of everyday life has a significant impact on people's consciousness, but the reverse nature of interaction is not excluded. The components of everyday life, which exert an influence on human consciousness, are given. Typical interests and needs of a person are presented, and the interaction between them is investigated. The authors summarize the list of the universal human values, that reflects the change of priorities in the life values of Ukrainians in connection with the military aggression of the russian federation against Ukraine, identifies the most important ones and establishes why they differ in different regions of the country. The role of ideology in shaping human consciousness and behavior is established, the reasons for the lack of a national ideology in Ukraine and the consequences of this for society are substantiated. The main reasons for the divergence of the state and individual interests are clarified, as this affects the motivation and behavior of a person in society in order to achieve their own goals. It is established that each individual has a so-called «motivational mix», so in order to foresee and predict his or her behavior in society, it is necessary to understand the internal motives and external incentives that motivate him or her to behave in a certain way. The factors of the formation of human behavior in the society, the features of which can be manifested in everyday life can change under the influence of social transformations, are substantiated.

The role of political ideology in shaping sustainable tourism: insights from a mixed-method approach

ABSTRACT This study investigated how individuals’ political ideologies (conservatism and liberalism) shape sustainable tourism using a mixed-method approach. Firstly, qualitative analysis was conducted to gather experts’ perceptions and insights, which informed the development of the quantitative measures. Three themes are identified, illustrating the connection between political ideology and sustainable tourism. Subsequently, an ordered logistic regression was employed to examine the relationships among political ideology, personal norms, familiarity with environmental protection, willingness to sacrifice, intention, and behaviour. The findings reveal that individuals with liberal ideologies exhibit stronger personal norms and a greater willingness to sacrifice for sustainability. However, as political ideology becomes more liberal, the likelihood of engaging in sustainable tourism and the intention to travel sustainably decreases. This study also highlights and addresses the ideology-behaviour gap in sustainable tourism. Finally, theoretical and practical contributions are discussed.

Understanding evil: a psychoanalytic perspective on the Hamas attacks of 7 October 2023

This paper examines the Hamas attacks of 7 October 2023, through the lens of several theories of evil. It applies frameworks from Christopher Bollas, Ruth Stein, Sue Grand, Robert J. Lifton, and Aner Govrin to explore the psychological underpinnings of this act of terror. The study employs an interpretative approach to analyze the attacks, considering the perpetrators’ backgrounds and the sociopolitical context. Key concepts explored include Bollas’s ‘killed self’, Stein’s analysis of religious justification for violence, Grand’s ‘malignant dissociative contagion’, Lifton’s theory of totalism, and Govrin’s prototype of evil perception. The paper discusses how these theories illuminate the role of trauma, ideology, and psychological distortion in fostering extreme violence. It also considers the ethical implications of applying psychoanalytic theories to large-scale events and acknowledges the limitations of this approach. The analysis reveals common threads across theories, including the impact of psychological damage, disconnection from empathy, and the interplay of love and hate in acts of evil. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of recognizing suffering on all sides of the conflict while maintaining a clear moral stance against acts of terror. It calls for further interdisciplinary research to inform strategies for conflict resolution and prevention of future atrocities.

Sex and work centrality among European employees: The role of gender ideology and the social norm to work

L’abondante littérature sur les différences genrées en matière de centralité du travail n’est pas encore parvenue à un consensus. Les recherches antérieures ont tenté d'expliquer les variations de centralité du travail selon le sexe en se fondant sur la situation professionnelle actuelle de l'individu. Cependant, la centralité du travail est liée à d'autres ensembles de croyances ou de représentations, et dépend également des cultures nationales. Cette étude vise à mesurer les relations entre la centralité du travail, le sexe, l'idéologie du genre et la norme sociale du travail chez les salariés européens. En utilisant des équations structurelles sur l’enquête European Values Study (EVS) de 2017, il est démontré qu'une fois la norme sociale du travail et l'idéologie du genre contrôlées, il n’y a pas d'effet direct du sexe sur la centralité du travail, ni d’effet indirect par le biais de la norme sociale du travail. En revanche, l’idéologie du genre a un effet sur la norme sociale du travail, qui à son tour influence la centralité du travail.

Parental ideologies in heritage language maintenance

Abstract This study explores the role of parental ideologies in heritage language (HL) maintenance among three interlingual families in New Zealand. This study draws on data from semi-structured interviews with Korean immigrant mothers and non-Korean fathers. A thematic approach was used to analyze the data. The findings in this study revealed that the three families placed great value in Korean HL maintenance. All three family language policies (FLPs) centered around a “One Person, One Language” approach, with the mothers using Korean. However, there were still wide-ranging variations in their FLPs. Moreover, the mothers’ attitudes toward HL learning were related to their perceptions of their children’s identities, which affected their HL-teaching strategies. The mothers’ HL maintenance efforts were possible because of their partners’ support. However, their husbands’ positive attitudes were also clearly associated with heteronormative gender roles and a related ideology of parenting. The findings suggest that even in positive FLP contexts, there is thus still a role for a more holistic and critical approach to HL maintenance.

The Influence of Political Dynamics on Health Policy in Indonesia

Health policy in Indonesia has experienced various significant changes in line with the political dynamics that occur at the national and local levels. Political dynamics in Indonesia are greatly influenced by various factors, such as the government system, political party ideology, interests of certain groups, and issues that develop in society. This study aims to analyze the influence of political dynamics on health policy in Indonesia, focusing on the post-reform period. The research methodology uses the literature review study method to analyze the influence of political dynamics on health policy in Indonesia. Literature review study is an effective method to collect, analyze, and synthesize information from various sources relevant to the research topic. The summary of the results of the discussion highlights the significant impact of political dynamics on health policy in Indonesia. The discussion emphasized the challenges faced due to changes in political leadership and decentralization of policy coordination. The role of political ideology, collaboration between stakeholders, and global influence in shaping health policies is essential for effective and sustainable health in Indonesia. By understanding the political dynamics that affect health policy, it is hoped that the recommendations produced from this study can make a significant contribution to future health policy improvements in Indonesia.

‘We can fix this. Let’s get you out of trouble, son’: an analysis of the transitivity and appraisal patterns in the Netflix TV show When They See Us

Abstract The fascination with crime, as evident from its extensive coverage in novels and on television, remains a topic of interest for the general public. This fascination often elicits responses rooted in deeply held values and can significantly impact individuals. Consequently, people’s attitudes toward interrogations, trials, and punishments may be strongly influenced by the discourse surrounding crime as portrayed in fictional texts. The primary objective of this article is to contribute to the body of research that has delved into the influential role of ideology in shaping narratives centred on crime stories. Specifically, through a linguistic analysis of transitivity and appraisal patterns in the first episode of the TV series When They See Us, this study addresses two fundamental research questions: 1) What does a transitivity analysis of process and participant types reveal about the construction of ‘a criminal character’ and how may this contribute to a presupposition of guilt? 2) What can an Appraisal analysis tell us about the evaluative portrayal of ‘a criminal character’ and how may this contribute to a presupposition of guilt? The aim is to provide insights into how the discursive representation of specific social groups, exemplified here by black Hispanic teenagers, simultaneously reflects and influences public perceptions, particularly when the discourse emanates from authoritative figures.

Construction of the “Micro-Ideological and Political” Model for Ideological and Political Teaching Reform in Bidding and Contract Management Courses

In the context of deepening educational reforms, the significance of ideological and political education has become increasingly prominent, emerging as a crucial aspect of enhancing students’ comprehensive qualities. To ensure the orderly progress of ideological and political education in courses, it is essential to actively promote the integration of ideological and political elements within coursework. This integration aims to align professional course education with ideological and political education, fostering a collaborative educational model. Therefore, in the teaching of bidding and contract management courses, constructing a “micro-ideological and political” teaching model has emerged as a critical component. The implementation of this model facilitates the seamless integration of bidding and contract management coursework with ideological and political education, thereby elevating the teaching quality of these courses. Additionally, it leverages the synergistic role of coursework and ideology in educating students, ultimately enhancing the quality and level of talent cultivation. Hence, this paper proposes strategies for constructing a “micro-ideological and political” model within the context of ideological and political teaching reforms in bidding and contract management courses, inviting discussion and exchange on this topic.

Is Exposure to Conflict‐Related Violence Associated With Less Intergroup Empathy? The Moderating Role of Ideology

ABSTRACTExposure to conflict‐related violence is one of the most harmful consequences of living amidst a violent intergroup conflict. While its potential significance is profound, the impact of exposure to conflict‐related violence on intergroup empathy remains largely unexplored. The current paper aims to address this gap by proposing political ideology as a potential moderator of the exposure‐empathy link. Three studies conducted among Jewish‐Israeli participants reveal an interactive effect of exposure to conflict‐related violence and political ideology on intergroup empathy. In Study 1, high (vs. low) exposure to conflict‐related violence was associated with decreased empathy among rightists—but increased empathy among leftists—towards individual outgroup members. In Study 2, political ideology also moderated the exposure‐empathy relationship: Bereaved (vs. non‐bereaved) rightists exhibited significantly less intergroup empathy towards both an individual bereaved outgroup member and the outgroup as a whole, an effect not found among leftists. Study 3 revealed a similar, albeit marginally significant, interactive effect of exposure to conflict‐related violence and political ideology on empathy towards individuals living in a different violent conflict. Finally, an internal meta‐analysis provided further, more robust evidence for these effects. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of the findings and suggest future directions for research on this important issue.

The Role of Judge Gender and Ideology in Hiring Female Law Clerks

Abstract Federal law clerks play a vital role in the development and implementation of the law. Yet, women remain underrepresented in these positions. We suggest that one reason for this underrepresentation may be differences in hiring practices among judges in the federal judiciary. Specifically, we hypothesize that male judges and conservative judges may be less likely to hire female law clerks than female judges and liberal judges for two reasons. First, gendered attitudes held by judges may make some judges prone to hire women and/or others more resistant to these hires. Second, due to ideological asymmetries between the law clerk pool and judges in the federal judiciary, conservative judges and male judges may be less likely to hire women law clerks. Using data on clerks hired in the federal judiciary between 1995 and 2005, we find support for both mechanisms.1

Conspiracy beliefs and negative attitudes towards outgroups in times of crises: Experimental evidence from Germany.

While research on the determinants of conspiracy beliefs has been growing, there is still limited attention given to the broader consequences of conspiracy theories. This study examines the effects of conspiratorial framing on outgroup evaluations in the context of societal crises. Using an experimental design and a large representative sample of the German population, we exposed participants to conspiratorial framings of health, economic, and security crisis scenarios. The findings reveal that exposure to conspiratorial framing of crises leads to significantly more negative attitudes towards outgroups compared to control conditions. The impact is most pronounced in the security crisis treatment condition, particularly in war scenarios. Additionally, our study demonstrates the important role of political ideology, as individuals with left- as well as right-wing ideologies displayed more negative attitudes towards outgroups when exposed to conspiratorial framings of crises. These findings contribute to the literature by providing experimental evidence of the detrimental effects of conspiracy narratives on intergroup attitudes during crises.

Emergency measures? Terrorism and climate change on the security agenda

Abstract The significantly divergent trajectories of terrorism and climate change as security issues for Western states in the early years of the 21st century represent a puzzle. While sharing some attributes – uncertainty and the primacy of risk-management responses – climate change clearly represents a more fundamental threat to life than terrorism. Despite this, terrorism has occupied a prominent place on states’ security agendas, while climate change has been decidedly marginal. This paper explores this divergence. Employing the securitisation framework, the paper maps the approach to terrorism and climate change as ‘security’ issues among key proponents of the ‘war on terror’, before exploring why these two issues were treated in such different ways. This analysis suggests a clear inclination to define and approach terrorism as an urgent security threat necessitating emergency measures: a willingness not evident in the case of climate change. While noting elements of the latter that militated against its securitisation, the paper points to the role of ideology – the beliefs and commitments of political leaders in particular – in driving choices around the construction of the security agenda. It concludes by suggesting that unlike the response to terrorism, impediments to enacting emergency measures to address the climate crisis remain.

Belief Formation: A Cultural Evolutionary Lens

This paper investigates changes in belief and their evolution in relation to the paradigm of cultural evolution. It underlines the interaction of the environmental factor with the social dynamic. The model proposed herein is extremely widespread and involves the creation, maintenance, and diffusion of beliefs that afford a perspective on how such processes influence individual and collective psychological constructs. By synthesizing theories in the fields of biology, anthropology, and psychology, this research will argue that cultural evolution is one key mechanism able to explain both diversity and variability in human belief. The examination suggests that beliefs cannot be cast solely as some sort of passive variant of personal cognition; instead, they are actively generated by cultural dynamics and social learning techniques such as imitation and instruction. It is a book that places more emphasis on the role of political ideology in accepting scientific evidence and shows how directed reasoning leads to the perpetuation of noxious beliefs. It then investigates transfer biases supporting the reproduction of cultural traits across successive generations, hence affecting social structure and any effort of cooperation. This may lead to a nuanced grasp of how beliefs can be advantageous or disastrous, considering the prevailing social structures and ecology within which they live. Based on the wealth of research regarding under what circumstances beliefs arise and spread, this paper examines from a critical perspective psychological processes of belief systems and what they might portend for human behavior and social organization.

Feminism, Femininity, and Negative Embodiment: A Contemporary Meta-Analytic Test

AbstractPrevious work has examined the relations between feminism, feminine gender roles, and body image concerns with inconclusive findings. The purpose of this study was to conduct an updated meta-analysis of the relation between feminist identity and negative embodiment, and to conduct new analyses to test how endorsement of femininity relates to negative embodiment. Through the technique of meta-analysis, we analyzed 80 studies (87 samples, N = 24,308) and 217 effect sizes to examine these associations. The predictor variables were measures of feminist identity and endorsement of femininity. The negative embodiment criterion variables were measures of body dissatisfaction, self-objectification, internalization of cultural body ideals, and disordered eating attitudes. Feminist identity was found to be negatively associated with negative embodiment, but only modestly, with small but significant effect sizes across most variables. Endorsement of femininity was found to be positively associated with negative embodiment, with mostly significant effect sizes ranging from small to large. These findings underscore the importance of considering the roles of feminist identity and traditional gender ideology in the etiology and prevention of women’s experiences of negative embodiment.

The elephant in the room? Considerations of politics among older adult daters

AbstractA sharply polarized political climate may increase the importance single adults place on politics in partner selection. While the importance of politics in dating decisions is not surprising in light of homophily, less is known about how older adults consider political differences in partnering. We answer two questions about older daters and politics: (1) How do older adult daters consider potential partners' political views? and (2) How do perceptions of rising political polarization shape these preferences? We use interview data with 67 adults (aged 55–92) from the Romance and Dating in Later Life study, conducted in Phoenix, AZ, in 2022–2023. Findings show politics are highly salient in partner selection across gender, class, and ideology, suggesting older singles place substantial importance on political views when choosing partners. Many older singles prioritize shared beliefs, while others practice open‐mindedness. Extremist politics, particularly right‐leaning, are viewed as a significant barrier to dating. This study demonstrates how older daters consider political beliefs in dating decisions, particularly considering perceptions of rising polarization. This contributes to research highlighting the role of political ideology in shaping dating decisions by extending the research to include explicit study of mid‐ and late‐life adults, whose dating experiences differ from young adult singles.

When is gender on party agendas? Manifestos and (De-)democratisation in Greece, Portugal, and Spain

ABSTRACT When do political parties give attention to gender-related political interests, and what determines their positions? We argue that progress in gender equality commitments is an essential component of democratisation, and backsliding in these indicates democratic decay. Using original data coded from party manifestos in Greece, Portugal, and Spain over recent decades, we investigate the role of party ideology and critical junctures in the political context. We find that left-wing parties give more attention to gender-related interests than other parties. Far-right parties also give significant attention to some interests and stand out for traditional positions. Further, the economic recession significantly decreased attention to gender-related interests. Our results suggest that economic crises and associated far-right party strength fuel gender backsliding and de-democratisation.

Ideology at Work? Rethinking Reproduction

The low value of reproductive labor, and the related “crisis of care,” are often attributed to gendered attitudes about work. This article traces this explanation to the attempted synthesis of Marxist and feminist theories of ideology in the 1970s and offers a sympathetic critique with implications for both contemporary theories of labor and the “new ideology critique.” It reconstructs the explanatory role of ideology in feminist analyses of unwaged housework and tracks its uptake in theories of “reproductive labor” more broadly, via what I call the “naturalization thesis.” While these analyses have been influential, I show that they do not provide a convincing account of either gender oppression or the low value of reproductive labor. I offer an alternative explanation for the latter rooted in labor processes and patterns of capital accumulation and argue for the reintegration of ideology critique with the critique of political economy.

Constructing Ethnolinguistic Identities: A Critical Examination of Language and Power Dynamics in Diasporic Communities

This research investigates the complex interplay between language and power in the formation of ethnolinguistic identities within diasporic communities. As globalization accelerates, diasporic groups navigate a complex landscape where traditional linguistic practices intersect with new socio-political realities. This study aims to critically examine how language functions as a tool for negotiating identity and power within these communities, emphasizing the role of language ideologies and practices in shaping social dynamics. The primary objectives are to explore how language serves as a medium for the construction and negotiation of ethnolinguistic identities and to understand the influence of power relations on these processes. Specifically, the study seeks to identify the ways in which language practices reflect and challenge power structures within diasporic contexts and how these practices contribute to the formation of collective and individual identities. This research is a multi-sited ethnographic approach,and integrates discourse analysis across several diasporic communities. Findings reveal that language serves as a strategic resource for negotiating social status and ethnic belonging. Diasporic individuals employ code-switching, language reclamation, and multilingualism to assert identity and resist assimilation pressures. The study highlights how language ideologies both reinforce and contest existing power structures, demonstrating the dynamic role of language in shaping ethnolinguistic identities amidst shifting socio-political landscapes.

Gender and ethnolinguistic lawfare

This article treats the concept of lawfare in relation to gender and ethnolinguistic identities, examining how legal systems are employed to perpetuate power imbalances and suppress marginalized communities. By focusing on various case studies and theoretical frameworks, the study explores the role of ideologies and how moral panic and moral injury manifest in legal responses to gender nonconforming individuals, women, and ethnolinguistic minorities. The article critiques how the law is weaponized as a tool of oppression, particularizing in areas such as language rights, gender equality, and access to justice. Through an interdisciplinary approach, the authors demonstrate how legal frameworks and institutional actions often reinforce societal norms that exclude vulnerable groups, rather than protecting them. As a framework to the special issue Gender and Ethnolinguistic Lawfare, this article offers a critical perspective on the relationship between law, identity, and power, contributing to a deeper understanding of how the rule of law perpetuates or challenges social hierarchies.