Ideological Framing Research Articles

Notes toward a History of Tragedy and the “Tragic”

This essay addresses the rather complex questions of the history and function of the word tragedy: Is there a historically and logically consistent use of the word that can serve as a constant in discussions of both drama and dramatic theory? I will try to address some of the reasons why questioning the historical uses and transformations of the word tragedy and the notion of the “tragic” may be important today. Such an effort matters not just for theater critics or historians but also for anyone who wishes to discover the active links between these normative generic concepts and their lived context, including their use value in the social and ideological framing of “life” in society or across societies. In times of cultural or intercultural conflict, including our own, the process of defining a theatrical genre can even become a tool, a weapon almost, in defining interpersonal value and human meaning as such.

From Political Radicalness to Citizen Participation? Current Reconfigurations of the Breton movement.

This article aims at analyzing the recent mutations of the Breton repertoire of contention. To do so, it proposes to look at the example of an association called Dibab, which praised participatory democracy by organizing local votes on nationalitarian topics in small Breton towns during the year of 2015. Having a look at the trajectory of Dibab activists shows that many of them had started their militant career years ago, and were familiar to more radical pro-independence organizations. How do these activists have managed to play with different political strategies without losing their ideological frames? How have they expressed different kinds of commitment through their political practices and discourses? Observations, document studies and semi-structured biographical interviews disclose that the construction of a new participatory ideal by radical Breton activists does not prevent them from being multipositioned in the militant field, widening their action spectrum by doing so. That is why the Breton repertoire is better understood as a continuum. Indeed, long term processes and the juxtaposition of different spaces of mobilization must be taken into account in the analysis.

Programming the USSR: Leonid V. Kantorovich in context.

In the wake of Stalin's death, many Soviet scientists saw the opportunity to promote their methods as tools for the engineering of economic prosperity in the socialist state. The mathematician Leonid Kantorovich (1912-1986) was a key activist in academic politics that led to the increasing acceptance of what emerged as a new scientific persona in the Soviet Union. Rather than thinking of his work in terms of success or failure, we propose to see his career as exemplifying a distinct form of scholarship, as a partisan technocrat, characteristic of the Soviet system of knowledge production. Confronting the class of orthodox economists, many factors were at work, including Kantorovich's cautious character and his allies in the Academy of Sciences. Drawing on archival and oral sources, we demonstrate how Kantorovich, throughout his career, negotiated the relations between mathematics and economics, reinterpreted political and ideological frames, and reshaped the balance of power in the Soviet academic landscape.

The Political Reform and the Amharic Biweekly Reporter: The Editorial Contents of the Reporter Newspaper in Ethiopia from 2017 to 2019

This research examines the agenda and frames used by the Reporter newspaper editorial coverage of issues and actors before and after the reform in Ethiopia. The study applies quantitative content analysis method and examined 99 (Period 1 = 57 and Period 2 = 42) editorials in all periods. The source of data and the period of data collection were purposely selected. The results indicated that societal issue, government and party issues were frequent in both periods. Professional journalist was the only Author in both periods. More government criticism and more reforms were mentioned before the reform. Compared with editorials published before and after the reform, noticeable changes were observed in government critique, attribution of responsibility frames, human interest frames and economic issue frames. However, content selection, sources of information, mentioned reforms, conflict relationship frames and ideological frames didn’t have relationship with date of publication. Finally, the Reporter editorials coverage did change significantly in many respects, although it is difficult to determine the causes of the changes-economic factors, reduced political control, social changes or globalization forces.

Diversion, Rights and Social Justice

This article draws on historical understandings and contemporary models of diversion in order to develop a critical framework and agenda for progressive practice. The argument essentially revolves around the contention that typically diversionary interventions have been constrained by the contextual and ideological frames within which they operate. They have in some cases been highly successful in reducing the numbers of young people being drawn into the formal criminal justice system; however, this has largely been achieved pragmatically, by way of an accommodation with the prevailing logic of penal practices. Young people have been diverted at least partly because they have been ascribed a lesser level of responsibility for their actions, whether by virtue of age or other factors to which their delinquent behaviour is attributed. This ultimately sets limits to diversion, on the one hand, and also offers additional legitimacy to the further criminalisation of those who are not successfully ‘diverted’, on the other. By contrast, the article concludes that a ‘social justice’ model of diversion must ground its arguments in principles of children’s rights and the values of inclusion and anti-oppressive practice.

The growth of Political Islam in Egypt (The Islamic Brotherhood Movement – IBM as a model)

As a result of weakening of the Ottoman Empire, Egypt was weakened in both economic and political aspect, beginning from year 1801, when the English expelled the French from the country, Egypt was continuously a prey of imperialist objectives. As a result of deepening dependency from abroad, the Egyptian economy was in the hands of foreign companies, the army and few local cooperatives. The decreasing number of the middle class made most of the population to fall into extreme poverty. The imperialist invasion and unsuccessful result of the modernist and secular thought of the constitution in 1921 was a reason for the growth and development of political Islam. Jamaluddin Afghani and Mohammed Abduh are two thinkers who influenced for the birth of political Islam in Egypt and its’ positioning in an ideological frame. Political Islam, since the second half of the 19th century has begun to grow, as a result of the application of the European model of a nation-state and as a result of the depravity of the politics of the dynasty that used to rule the country (Zubaida, 2011:73). The despair that was felt by the population as a result of the fail of political and economic experiments, as well as the gap created in the governance, prepared the ground for development of Islamic movements, and one of them was the IBM. This situation is the first critical point that influenced the growth of political Islam in Egypt.

Edwidge Danticat: The Haitian Diasporic Imaginary by Nadège T. Clitandre

Reviewed by: Edwidge Danticat: The Haitian Diasporic Imaginary by Nadège T. Clitandre Samantha Pinto Nadège T. Clitandre. Edwidge Danticat: The Haitian Diasporic Imaginary. U of Virginia P, 2018. xii + 250 pp. Nadège Clitandre's book, the first full-length, single-author monograph on Edwidge Danticat, stands as both a necessary correction and a harbinger of what such work can do in and for African Diaspora and postcolonial studies. By focusing on Danticat, the prolific Haitian prose author (her impressive oeuvre over 25 years of publication comprises novels, short fiction, children's books, essays, and memoirs), Clitandre thoughtfully takes on questions of nation [End Page 586] and diaspora. She also chooses to make the questions of representing Haitian literature and history, as well as its diaspora, reverberations of feminist inquiries in content and in the form of her critical writing. Edwidge Danticat: The Haitian Diasporic Imaginary argues that Danticat's work, rather than sitting at a binary break between nation and diaspora, instead reimagines the categories as "relational and mutually constitutive" (3), interacting with each other in "dialogic engagement that necessitates rereading" (6) splits between home/exile and local/global. While other scholars in the field of diaspora studies have theorized diaspora in complex ways related to the material practices of writing, traveling, archiving, and the critic's own work suturing together various national traditions, Clitandre's reworking of diaspora through Danticat, specifically, calls for a capacious understanding of what constitutes both nation and diaspora, recursively bringing the two into constant conceptual interaction while also refusing to dissolve the specificity of either. This complex articulation of how diaspora might work through a specific author is, of course, also a rewriting of how we as literary critics engage its theoretical import across our field. Clitandre argues that Danticat's work "retains ideas of origin, wholeness, unity, family ancestry, history, and community to reenact them as 'the stuff' of both nation and diaspora but also to disentangle them from ideological frames and totalitarian absolutes that hinder heterogeneous, pluralistic, and liberatory possibilities of imagining the world, our place in it, and our relationship to each other" (25). Clitandre's book is, in the best sense of the word, ambitious; its process of honoring the complexity and breadth of a writer like Danticat refuses to close off paths of interpretation as it builds its own argument about reading Haitian diaspora and indeed global literature in the contemporary moment. Clitandre does this through the trope of "the echo" (26)—a term she identifies with its classical routes as the limited authorized voice of women in Western myth and with historian Joan Scott's more recent formulation of echo as a method of feminist historical inquiry and a way of thinking through how fantasy and silence operate in the archives and in historiographical method for subjects who are not the authors of their own historical record or documentation. For this monograph, Clitandre adapts and merges these critical modes with those of Caribbean theorist Edouard Glissant and black feminist theorist Carol Boyce Davies to define the titular "diasporic imaginary" (2) she represents through Danticat's work. Specifically, she asks, "in what way does the myth of echo tease out certain elements that are critical to the way we read [End Page 587] diaspora as an experience of displacement and to the way we read texts by African diasporic women writers to understand the gendered contours of diaspora?" (7). It is under this question that Clitandre does her most exciting and revealing work. A feminist contouring of diaspora infuses the book, from the first chapter on Danticat's engagement with Haitian history, politics, and diaspora that centers not on correcting historical silences of a masculinist heroic narrative (as one finds in Michel-Rolph Trouillot's critique) but on acknowledging, representing, and echoing the stories and experiences of those who we can't hear, see, or know—especially women. In chapter 2, Clitandre gamely takes on Danticat's writing process as a kind of de-essentialized écriture féminine, one that imagines both diaspora and writing diaspora as an act of feminized labor—riffing on Danticat's own analogy of writing to braiding hair. It is in...

The Form of Poetry in the 1820s and 1830s: A Period of Doubt by David Stewart

 Reviews e Form of Poetry in the s and s: A Period of Doubt. By D S. (Palgrave Studies in the Enlightenment, Romanticism and the Cultures of Print) Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. . ix+ pp. £.. ISBN –– ––. In this wide-ranging and meticulously researched book, David Stewart offers a reconsideration of ‘the time between Romanticism and Victorianism in which little happened’ (p. ). Building upon the work of Richard Cronin, James Chandler, Michael Bradshaw, Emily Rohrbach, and others, he explores, through subtle and convincing close reading, the poetry which was actually produced, published, and read in the –s by both canonical and largely forgotten or marginalized writers. He argues for a reconsideration of how we in turn read these writers, or, indeed, reframe our own inability to do so. Stewart’s thesis is that a ‘culture of doubt prompted poetic creativity of a new kind’ (p. ). He sees this creativity as marked by reflexiveness and a fascination with canon-forming in the mania for lists of ‘living poets’, balanced by a preoccupation with death, and a sense of already being dead. In a favourite and recurring word, he ‘traces’ this doubt specifically through responses to, and publication in, the annuals of the period. He identifies three kinds of poetry, or at least claims about the nature of poetry, both at the time and in recent criticism, which he argues in fact collapse into each other: a kind of transcendent aestheticism, poetry concerned with its immediate point of publication and appeal, and light verse which is both apparently superficial and yet formally sophisticated. He notes, with typical perceptiveness, of the first group: eir focus upon aestheticism as a means of reaching beyond their age is oen curiously dependent on the instantiation of that aestheticism in the form of pointedly material books available for sale, beautifully bound in fashionable bookshops. (p. ) is general argument has one particularly fascinating focus in the interest in the use of the trope of the apparition which is shared by Hemans and Beddoes, who are otherwise ‘fixed’ (p. ) as very different kinds of poet by their prospective contemporary critical champions. Of course, an irony not lost here is that many of the writers considered are grouped around the tension between those who might be firmly in our own canons and those who still tend to be excluded or are part of a special pleading—omas Moore, Landon, Hemans, Beddoes, and in a different way Clare, and even less familiar writers such as Darley, J. H Reynolds, and Praed. Although the emphasis here is on what otherwise might be considered to be late, or in some cases not even late, Romantic poets, it also suggests a reconsideration of Browning and Tennyson. Leigh Hunt is seen ‘as a model for the aesthetic’ (p. ) considerations of other writers here—underplaying perhaps the politics of the Cockney Hunt. And here, too, Byron is a key figure, if only brought into play in the Conclusion. In offering a reconsideration of ‘light verse’ and the use of the pun in particular, Stewart notes, through McGann, that we might simply not know how to read this stuff. is is a fair point but it might also be true that some of it is just superficial—as opposed MLR, .,   to Stewart’s view that superficiality is its own positive end (p. )—or, worse yet, simply bad. roughout, Stewart asks how ‘the confluence of poetry, commerce and gender’ might be ‘read securely’ (p. ) not only in this period but more widely. He speculates (another key repeated word) both about how reading took place at the time and more recently in critical accounts of the reading process offered by key figures such as McGann and Ross. at such reading is possible through close attention to detail and a sophisticated sense of competing critical and ideological frames is admirably demonstrated here. at the work examined suggests ‘poetic creativity of a new kind’ (p. ) in an absolute sense is less clear. U  W T S D P W Editors Construct the Renaissance Canon, –. By P S. (Early Modern Literature in History) Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. . ix+ pp.£.. ISBN ––––. is short book...

Editors Construct the Renaissance Canon, 1825-1915 by Paul Salzman

MLR, .,   to Stewart’s view that superficiality is its own positive end (p. )—or, worse yet, simply bad. roughout, Stewart asks how ‘the confluence of poetry, commerce and gender’ might be ‘read securely’ (p. ) not only in this period but more widely. He speculates (another key repeated word) both about how reading took place at the time and more recently in critical accounts of the reading process offered by key figures such as McGann and Ross. at such reading is possible through close attention to detail and a sophisticated sense of competing critical and ideological frames is admirably demonstrated here. at the work examined suggests ‘poetic creativity of a new kind’ (p. ) in an absolute sense is less clear. U  W T S D P W Editors Construct the Renaissance Canon, –. By P S. (Early Modern Literature in History) Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. . ix+ pp.£.. ISBN ––––. is short book explores what Paul Salzman suggests is a neglected period in the history of scholarly editing. e century or so before the advent of the New Bibliography has oen been dismissed as an (un)scholarly graveyard of eccentric enterprise. In Salzman’s reading, by contrast, many practices developed in this era were lastingly influential, and paved the way for the current florescence in the editing of early modern texts. is is by no means a comprehensive history of Victorian editing, but rather an attempt to rescue and reassess an editorial tradition that has, the book argues, been undervalued. Although it is organized chronologically, presenting a series of editorial case studies from Alexander Dyce (–) through to W. W. Greg (–) and in particular R. B. McKerrow (– ), the book is explicitly not teleological. It is central to Salzman’s argument that, rather than being a series of successively more ‘scientific’ and ‘professional’ approaches (p. ), the history of scholarly editing is marked by return and repetition , in which later editions are sometimes less competent, less ambitious, or more conservative than their forebears. e book begins with Dyce, who is in many ways the emblematic figure. His editorial work had, rightly in Salzman’s view, remarkable staying power: his  edition of John Webster was standard until , his  Poetical Works of John Skelton until . Dyce’s editing projects were multiple, compendious, and strikingly various. His early Specimens of British Poetesses () was highly unusual in presenting women writers in historical perspective, and illustrates the extent to which nineteenth-century editors sought to broaden the canon well beyond Shakespeare. Dyce also serves as a virtuous foil to the two editors discussed in the next chapter, J. P. Collier and James Orchard Halliwell-Phillipps. Salzman situates these men’s three almost contemporary editions of Shakespeare (Dyce, ; Collier, ; Halliwell-Phillipps, –) in what he calls a ‘crisis’ of Shakespearian editing (p. ). While Collier’s reputation is probably unredeemable,  Reviews Salzman praises Halliwell-Phillips (whose reputation in his lifetime was besmirched by accusations of the from Trinity College Cambridge as a young man) for his exhaustive researches and encyclopedic accretions of explanatory and annotatory data. Much of this material is preserved in scrapbooks, now at the Folger, and the book convincingly relates Halliwell’s habit of dismembering early modern books to seventeenth-century practices of cutting as thinking. e next chapter, on ‘the extraordinary range of editorial activities’ (p. ) carried out in the second half of the nineteenth century, is the least interesting, although it bears out Salzman’s assertion that more recent is not always better. e final chapter extends this anti-teleological emphasis by contrasting McKerrow’s magisterial Works of omas Nashe (–)—not yet superseded, although a new Works is in the works for Oxford University Press—with Montague Summers’s less familiair edition of the works of Aphra Behn (). While Summers’s editorial approach is kindly described as ‘rather eclectic’ (p. ), the edition is nonetheless a ‘highly significant’ moment in giving a woman writer the full Works treatment. is is a recurrent concern throughout the book for Salzman, who has worked extensively on early modern women’s writing, and one of the book’s strengths is the space it gives to women. is means not just Behn and Laetitia Landon (anthologized by Dyce), but also...

Islamophobia in the National Health Service: an ethnography of institutional racism in PREVENT's counter-radicalisation policy.

In 2015, the UK government made its counter-radicalisation policy a statutory duty for all National Health Service (NHS) staff. Staff are now tasked to identify and report individuals they suspect may be vulnerable to radicalisation. Prevent training employs a combination of psychological and ideological frames to convey the meaning of radicalisation to healthcare staff, but studies have shown that the threat of terrorism is racialised as well. The guiding question of our ethnography is: how is counter-radicalisation training understood and practiced by healthcare professionals? A frame analysis draws upon 2years of ethnographic fieldwork, which includes participant observation in Prevent training and NHS staff interviews. This article demonstrates how Prevent engages in performative colour-blindness - the active recognition and dismissal of the race frame which associates racialised Muslims with the threat of terrorism. It concludes with a discussion of institutional racism in the NHS - how racialised policies like Prevent impact the minutia of clinical interactions; how the pretence of a 'post-racial' society obscures institutional racism; how psychologisation is integral to the performance of colour-blindness; and why it is difficult to address the racism associated with colourblind policies which purport to address the threat of the Far-Right.

Questioning Global Citizenship Education in the Internationalization Agenda

The present paper provides a reflection on global citizenship education (GCE) in the internationalization agenda. With that aim, the internationalization of higher education (IHE) is discussed from a critical perspective, mainly informed by postcolonial and decolonial studies. More specifically, the paper addresses GCE issues related to criticisms that have been raised against it in terms of (1) its different educational approaches, (2) its cosmopolitan bias with its (3) ideological frame of the so-called “global citizen”. Some alternatives to mainstream approaches to GCE and IHE are offered in the conclusion, based on the contributions of Stein (2017), Andreotti (2015) and Fiedler (2007), who advocate for the otherwise approach and/or postcolonial learning spaces.

Towards a sustainable HRM in Latin America? Union-management relationship in Chile

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss why and how the notion of sustainability has been integrated to the practices of HRM in Chile. Especially, it examines how the union‒management relationship shapes and is shaped by the adoption of a sustainable approach. By doing so, it contributes to a broader debate about HRM in Latin America.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on a case study conducted between 2016 and 2018 in two large companies. In each of these companies, besides the analysis of internal and administrative documentation, human resource managers, line managers and union officers were interviewed.FindingsIn this paper, two main findings are discussed. First, the sustainable HRM idea installed in Chile has not involved a total renunciation of some old ideological frames, but rather an adjustment of these. The old paternalist managerialism is shaping a path to a new HRM model, willing to yield part of its control to workers, but not less unitarist in its foundations. Second, the sustainable HRM concept adoption by the studied companies is not primarily motivated by economic goals as it may have occurred in other contexts, but by the need of a solution to labour conflicts in a context of union action renewal.Practical implicationsThis research could be used to teach about leadership, strategy and sustainability, highlighting the importance of understanding the contested nature of the employment relations within these processes of changing. To accomplish this, HR practitioners need to get more involved with pluralistic perspectives in labour relations and thus achieve effective sustainable practices in the workplace. It is also relevant that unions recognise and strengthen their ability to influence these policies.Originality/valueThis paper sheds lights on how the concept of sustainable HRM has been introduced in Latin America, which has been slightly discussed in mainstream scientific literature. It also provides empirical evidence about unexplored and recent changes in HRM and proposes new perspectives for the study of this topic in the region, considering variables as the managerial ideologies, current labour disputes and the relevance of trade union voice.

’We do not have a writing culture’: exploring the nature of ‘academic drift’ through a study of lecturer perspectives on student writing in a vocational university

ABSTRACT Vocational universities are increasingly becoming susceptible to pressures associated with the phenomenon known as ‘academic drift’. Yet the specific influence of such pressures is experienced differently at various institutional levels and by different stakeholders in such universities. Exploring lecturers’ understanding and perceptions of student academic writing can make visible the ways in which these pressures are realised, for example, in the types of writing given value and writing pedagogies deemed suitable in the context of the vocational university. In this paper, we report on an ethnographically shaped study exploring lecturers’ writing pedagogies and perceptions of students as academic writers at a South African vocational university. The study analytically illustrated how wider socio-political, regulatory and ideological framings of these universities were implicated in lecturers’ writing practices and pedagogies. The study found that lecturers and students were generally constricted by narrow vocationalist agendas, which reinforced negative conceptions of students as academic writers. Our findings suggest that while the explicit impact of academic drift drivers was minimally felt at the undergraduate diploma level of study in our research site, this appeared to close off the potential for writing to act as a means to facilitate students’ epistemic access to their disciplines.

Print Media and the Political Reform in Ethiopia

This research examines the agenda and frames used by the Reporter newspaper editorial coverage of issues and actors before and after the reform in Ethiopia. The study applies a quantitative content analysis method and examined 99 (Period 1 = 57 and Period 2 = 42) editorials in all periods. The source of data and the period of data collection were purposely selected. The results indicated that societal issues, government, and party issues were frequent in both periods. The professional journalist was the only Author in both periods. More government criticism and more reforms were mentioned before the reform. Compared with editorials published before and after the reform, noticeable changes were observed in government critique, attribution of responsibility frames, human interest frames and economic issue frames. However, content selection, sources of information, mentioned reforms, conflict relationship frames, and ideological frames didn’t have relationship with the date of publication. Finally, the Reporter editorials coverage did change significantly in many respects, although it is difficult to determine the causes of the changes—economic factors, reduced political control, social changes or globalization forces.

Reform and Stability – The Russian and the Chinese Welfare Systems Compared

Systematic theoretical work on Russian and Chinese social policy seems to be lacking. While previous research establishes how democratic systems produce welfare, it is unclear what kind of welfare such transitional systems provide. Our analysis adheres to structuration based theoretical explanations, taking into account both agency and structure as factors needed to explain these regimes’ welfare policy. Hybrid regimes are eager to adopt global liberally oriented welfare policies, which tend to ignore popular demands. Western analysis of Russian and Chinese social policy emphasizes the dualistic influence of liberal versus statist social policy. This dualistic conceptualization fails to take into account the contradictions between ideological frames and hybrid regimes’ vulnerability to popular pressures. Widespread corruption undermines formal procedures and underlies growth of informal practices. Both Russia and China have considerable welfare achievements and vast problems. In conditions of economic growth, both have experienced huge increases in inequality and individualization of risk.

Dobra ili loša stara vremena?

U radu se razmatraju sjećanja na socijalizam i model konstrukcije socijalističke prošlosti u usmenim izvorima. Tražeći odgovor o organizaciji svakodnevnoga života, težište razmatranja bili su Ljubljana i njezino ruralno zaleđe. Nakon raspada Jugoslavije možemo pratiti različita sjećanja na socijalizam kao i poglede na to razdoblje. S jedne strane to je posljedica generacijskih razlika i životnih uvjeta koji su se promijenili tijekom desetljeća. Također su postojala različita iskustva stanovnika iz Ljubljane i onih iz ruralnoga zaleđa. Za prisjećanje su bili važni i drugi čimbenici: obitelj i njezino povijesno iskustvo, politička i svjetonazorska uvjerenja, javni diskursi te životne okolnosti u trenutku snimanja. Najveći dio sjećanja bio je posvećen poboljšanju životnoga standarda, području rada i rješavanju stambenoga pitanja.

‘Welcome to selfiestan’: identity and the networked gaze in Indian mobile media

This article examines selfie culture and visual social media in India by exploring how smartphone marketing and the performativity of the user–device interface intersect with the cultural influence of the Hindu ritual of darshan and the recent political success of populist Hindu nationalism. Darshan, a long-standing, everyday Hindu practice entailing an active visual and physical exchange between worshiper and devotional image or object, bears striking overlaps with the mechanics and conditions of the networked visuality of the self. Taking a critical technology approach, this article places scholarship on selfies and their production methods in conversation with anthropological descriptions of darshan and existing theories of darshan’s impact on media in South Asia. Theoretical exploration of concepts and practices is augmented by content analysis of social media imagery related to darshan. In arguing that aspects of traditional visual regimes may endure in personal networked media use in India, this work underscores the need for balancing globalized affordances and applications, on one hand, with culturally specific meanings and ideological frames, on the other, particularly as these converge in the visual performance of networked identity.

The Rationalization of Leisure

Critical analyses of domestic technological culture have emphasized the impact of domestic technologies on intensifying women’s labor and reinforcing its privatization within the home, all the while being marketed as laborsaving devices. Drawing from the ways the marketing of domestic technologies framed the home as a space in need of technological administration, this article offers a Marxist feminist analysis of online surveillance during leisure time, examining how the marketing of technologies for both domestic labor and online leisure helps produce relationships between subjects and technologies that double as vehicles for capital accumulation. The article argues that we should look to the history of domestic technological design to understand the ways online surveillance and data collection are used to produce revenue and impact consumer behavior, given that both domestic technologies and contemporary information technologies work to rationalize non-waged time. The article begins with the Taylorization of the home popularized in 1912, followed by the rise of domestic technologies in the 1950s, in order to demonstrate how the ideological framing of the home as a space in need of rationalization informs the marketing of today’s personalization technologies. The marketing of personalization technologies reproduces the racialized and gendered logic of machine subordination that framed domestic technologies for the home in the 20th century. The article concludes with a discussion of how Marxist feminism is a useful theoretical framework for understanding and developing a political response to online data collection, given that both the domestic sphere and online leisure time are traditionally understood to be outside the workday, and therefore supposedly outside the scope of capitalist workplace relations of surveillance and exploitation.

The Relationship Between the Religion and the State Between the Western Vision and the Islamic Vision in Its Asian Models

This study aimed at addressing the relationship between religion and state, by reviewing the evolution of that relationship in the western vision, beginning with the dominance of the Church in the medieval period, and the emergence of the theocratic state, then ideas of secularism, and the conflict between religion and state in the Frame of ideology, Then reviewing a regression in the thesis of the transition to secularism and the emergence of religious presence in the public sphere. On the other hand, the study dealt with the relationship between religion and state in the Islamic vision in its Asian Models. Where the study dealt with the model of the "Madina State" during the era of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), which is the Islamic model that spread in the Asian Peninsula, which was the basis of Sunni Islamic thought later. The study also dealt with the "Wilayat al-Faqih" model, which forms the basis of Shiite thought in Iran.
 
 The study relied on the descriptive approach that deals with the analysis and description of the phenomenon. This approach was used in this study to trace the development of the relationship between religion and state in the western vision and Islamic vision in its Asian models.
 
 The study concluded with some results. The most important of these was that: the Western vision to a certain extent passed with integration between religion and the state, as embodied in the model of the "Theocratic State" in the Medieval Period, where the church dominated all the political and social affairs of the state. The Western vision also to a certain extent passed with separation between the religion and the state, as embodied in the model of "secularism", where modernity was linked to the non-involvement of religion in politics, The Western vision also passed with the emergence of a regression in the thesis of the transition to secularism, as reflected in the model of "religious presence in the public sphere. Finally, the Islamic vision with its Asian Models witnessed the difficulty of full integration or separation between the religion and the state, as embodied in the model of the "Madina State" during the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), and its thought which is followed by Sunni Islamic thought. And the Shiite "Wilayat al-Faqih" model, which was the origin of a religious mandate for political power, although it differs from the "Theocratic State" model completely.

Struggle of Meaning and the Jokowi Myth in the 2018 Asian Games Opening Video

From a semiotics perspective, the Asian Games opening ceremony became a signifying image framed naturally by myth. Myths as a foreigner’s lackey, communist sympathizer, and anti-Islam have been cast virtually by anonymous political adversaries unto Joko Widodo (Jokowi) as one of Indonesia’s presidential candidates. This study discusses the myths underlying the meaning of Jokowi’s figure; how those myths developed meanings of images in the 2018 Asian Games Opening video; and how those myths became a struggle of meaning for Jokowi as the presidential candidate. This study employed the qualitative approach by using the critical paradigm. This is, thus, a research that attempts to develop elaborations concerning the concept and phenomenon of power and its practices, and it describes them to develop inductive explanation from the acquired data. Roland Barthes’ semiotics method is used in this study. The text analyzed is the content of Jokowi’s video during the 2018 Asian Games Opening ceremony. This research managed to produce a model for understanding the struggle of meaning involving myths and the construction of sign reality in the text display of the 2018 Asian Games opening video. The model indicates the struggle of meaning between the scripts of the ruler (the incumbent) and the myths attached within the public’s ideological frame of mind. Keywords: Struggle of meaning, myths, Asian Games 2018, foreigner’s lackey, Jokowi.