Ideological Construction Research Articles

Playing with Origins: Racial Self‐Making and Embodying History in Togolese Capoeira

AbstractThis article discusses how contemporary expressive cultural projects in Lomé, Togo, highlight practices of racial self‐making emerging from urban African contexts through a martial art developed by enslaved Afro‐Brazilians in colonial Brazil. This specific case analyzes Nukunu, the country's first capoeira group, and their ideological constructions of self, people, and historical time. Through capoeira—as a practice that I suggest makes interventions into these three spheres—Togolese martial artists creatively leverage the historical ties across the Black Atlantic as ideological and embodied resources for facing the particular challenges of twenty‐first‐century neocolonial structures. By analyzing Nukunu's views on their own racial subjectivity as an extended history of racial oppression, as well as a reenactment of the Ewe ethnic group's origin story, I argue that Togolese martial artists radically reframe notions of self, peoplehood, and historical time through enacting and performing racialized diasporic forms.

Теоретико-методологические основания изучения современных антиутопий: политические идеологии как социальные альтернативы в художественной литературе

The article presents an approach to the analysis of modern dystopia as a space for the representation and construction of political ideology. The modern dystopia is understood in the work as a direction of creative thought, which is a cultural example of understanding the ideological and value foundations of modernity, the historical consciousness of society and citizens, as well as possible scenarios for further development and goal setting in the future. Attention is focused on the fact that modern dystopia has a number of its own features and distinctive features, and can also be implemented in the form of “dystopia” or “heterotopia”. In this study, a classification of dystopian writers is formed according to generational characteristics (“late Soviet” – “perestroika” writers of the 2000s and 2010s), as well as according to ideological affiliation (“left Slavophiles” and “right Westerners”). It is also proposed to study the works of writers and their continuation in the form of film adaptation and socio-political discourse using three levels of analysis: the macro level (enclave-conglomerative theory by A. D. Bogaturov and A. V. Vinogradov, game theory by J. Huizinga, postmodernism); mesolevel (critical discourse analysis, content analysis); micro level (semiotic analysis). As a result, three versions of a work of art are formed.: the author’s intention; interpretation of the reader; images, ideas and symbols of the work, which have become an element of mass culture, which have been formed as a result of averaging ideas, values and meanings, supported by the majority and become popular. Thus, with the help of the formed classification of writers, understanding of modern dystopia and the presented scientific methods, it is proposed to analyze this phenomenon in the context of the formation and representation of political ideology.

Reflections on Ideologies Underpinning ELT Curriculum and Nature of Global Course Books Used in Saudi Arabia

The influence of neoliberal ideology in the educational literature has widely been discussed recently. Yet relatively little critical attention has been paid to the ways these hegemonic agendas have shaped and influenced the development of ELT curriculum and published teaching materials. This theoretical paper reviews literature on how neoliberal ideology influences ELT curriculum, namely published teaching materials. Also, it argues that ELT curriculum contents are essentially political and ideologically constructed to fulfil the politico-economic interests of ELT international publishers, located in the centre (e.g., UK and US). These neoliberal ideological constructions are preparing our students to become neoliberal citizens, consumers, or customers of English language learning, who can become apt members of callous marketization. This theoretical paper recommends that TESOL professionals need to play their role by demystifying and resisting these ideologies by redesigning the ELT curricula, such as course books. In addition, scripted curriculum and one-size-fits-all policy reflected in global course books contents do not fulfil the needs of diverse learners in various EFL/ESL contexts. Therefore, TESOL professionals, in particular teachers and academics need to be aware of current and potential educational policies and advocacies driven by western neoliberal educational ideologies. In practice, ESL/EFL teachers, academics and curriculum developers are required to consider their contextual local realities, such as students' English language learning constraints and teaching perspectives from teachers stand points in designing the EFL/ ESL curriculum contents.

‘In this country, women are also soldiers’: interrelations between age and gender in the women’s section of the Romanian Legionary Movement

ABSTRACT This article examines the interrelations between age and gender in the Romanian Legionary Movement. The Legionary Movement, also known as Iron Guard, was an ultranationalist and antisemitic movement founded by Corneliu Zelea Codreanu in 1927. The movement was one of the major protagonists on the Romanian interwar political scene. Its political development followed a complex path marked by extraordinary successes and dramatic crises. Several works have explored the Legionary Movement’s history, but a systematic analysis from the standpoint of gender relations and women’s participation is still at an incipient stage. This article wants to contribute to this analysis by following the development of the legionary women’s section during the movement’s political history. Gender is used as a category of analysis in its interaction with age, in particular by exploring the concept of youth and its practical consequences for women’s participation. After the introduction, the first section analyses the concept of youth and its importance in the construction of legionary ideology. The second section will explore the foundation and development of the women’s section through the lenses of youth and gender. Women’s participation and political activity was often the result of the gendered elements constitutive of the concept of youth. From the ideological standpoint, the construction of women’s youthfulness interacted with and was limited by marriage and motherhood; at the same time, however, in the movement’s political practices these limits proved to be more flexible and reshaped by experience.

TO THE PROBLEM OF IDEOLOGIZATION OF GLOBALIZATION PROCESSES TODAY

The article analyzes the ideological factor of influence on globalization processes in the modern world. In this regard, an analysis of various ideological concepts, doctrines and theories was carried out. The ideological phenomenon of globalization is considered through the prism of globalism. In particular, the author examines political globalism, which is based on the ideas of the ideological order and takes into account the interests and capabilities of the states that have benefited the most from modern processes of globalization, especially in the political and economic parts. Special attention is paid to the influence of Anglo-American liberalism. In this context, globalism is considered from the point of view of ideology and strategy, in accordance with which the efforts of globalists construct a world of economic and political monopoly. Accordingly, normal competition and partnership have been replaced by a division into the "golden billion" and the periphery. The article pays special attention to contradictions regarding the importance and influence of the ideological factor on modern globalization processes. In particular, the problem of de-ideologization and re-ideologization of society is analyzed. The author examines processes that are diverse in their origin, spheres of manifestation, mechanisms and consequences, which make up the objective content of globalization and believes that the latter cannot be free from a complex of ideological factors, values and aspects. A separate question was raised regarding the realization of the interests of the technosphere. The concept of the technosphere and related ideological constructions intersect with one of the most important and acute problems of our time - the correlation between the processes of globalization and modernization, the leading direction of which is westernization. The author examines the ideology of globalism within the framework of the economic-centric approach to the interpretation of the modern world.

Anti-Japanism as a strategy for reshaping national identity in post-liberation South Korean fictions (1945–1948)

AbstractThis article argues that South Koreans' anti-Japanism in the post-liberation period can be regarded as an ideological construction, which was inevitably required to reshape their national identity, rather than as a reasonable and serious critical consideration of colonial Japan. Anti-Japanism functions as an identification framework in an era when Koreans needed to develop a new discourse which reflects the rapid politico-socio-cultural changes of that period. Under military control of the United States and the Soviet Union, Koreans made Japan the other in a number of ways in order to unite their nation state and national identity, relying specifically on racial difference and hierarchy. First, Korean intellectuals, who once cooperated with colonial Japan in the political sphere or in their ordinary lives, explicitly revealed their anti-Japanese sentiments in their writings right after liberation. Second, after liberation, anti-Japanism emerged from a process that Koreans would exploit, after demarcating the moral difference between themselves and the remaining Japanese migrants, to exclude the Japanese from their community. Finally, anti-Japanism in the post-liberation period can be detected in Koreans' tenacious attitude, as they tacitly restricted the articulation of filial or cultural hybridity with the Japanese people in order to reconfigure their national identity.

PATRIARCHAL, RACIAL AND SOCIAL OPPRESSION ON ADAH AND HER EMANCIPATION THROUGH EDUCATION AND WRITING IN BUCHI EMECHETA’S SECOND CLASS CITIZEN

Buchi Emecheta is a prominent Nigerian writer in African feminist literature. In Buchi Emecheta’s novel Second Class Citizen (1994), the protagonist Adah suffers from tripple oppression. Emecheta’s Second Class Citizen (1994) puts emphasis on the concerns of racism, gender, sexism, marriage, bride price, polygamy, women’s obligation to bear male children, education, financial freedom, and writing fiction, as well as class oppression. In her opinion, subalternation and oppression of African women should be put an end. Buchi Emecheta analyzes the gender, class, and race intersectionality in her novel Second Class Citizen as a representation of African female literature on the basis of patriarchy. The analysis is made from the post-colonial feminist and Afro-centric perspective; therefore, it reveals how the social and ideological constructions of gender, class, and race cause racism, classism, and sexism in society. The female character, Adah, lives in the margins both at home and in the public. Emecheta not only wants to underline the patriarchal roots of her own Igbo tribe, but also wants to be critical of the British society that lets them stay in second-class citizen conditions. Adah has to experience the feeling of being the other in Western society whereas she has to struggle with the paternal thoughts of the African culture. In her novel, Emecheta underlines the lack of educational opportunities for girls in a culture which pushes girls to grow up as obedient wives. The novel clearly illustrates the difficulties of Igbo immigrants in London, who are regarded as second-class citizens, are supposed to stay in hovels in slum districts and simultaneously cope with the problems of sexual discrimination both in the domestic sphere as well as in the public sphere. As a black woman, the main character is both trapped by her gender and race. In her post-colonial feminist depiction, Emecheta attributes tripple oppression to Adah character. With her description of the protagonist, Adah, the author shows how it was difficult to be a black woman both in Nigeria and in England. Emecheta is not only critical of the gender discrimination practices in her own country, but also wants to criticize the hostilities in England towards the black people. In accordance with Floya Anthias and Nira Yuval Davis’ ideas, this article will argue that Adah has complex relations with her state as a black woman who suffers from patriarchy, racism and class distinction. Thus, this study articulates how Adah Obi is dejected in the patriarchal discourses of Nigeria or England and how she is marginalized as a black woman, as an immigrant, as a young girl, and as a woman. Finally, Adah’s gaining self- confidence and her self affirmation will be related to Helene Cixous’ ideas about the importance of writing in women’s lives for their emancipation process.

Retracted: Construction of Ideological and Political Education in Colleges and Universities Based on the Carrier of Smartphone

Retracted: Construction of Ideological and Political Education in Colleges and Universities Based on the Carrier of Smartphone

Who knows? On the epistemic status of experience in sugar-dating research

Sugar dating has gained extensive media coverage over the last couple of years, often being depicted as a veiled form of prostitution / sex work. While similar dating arrangements encompassing some sort of economic compensation are well researched in an African and Asian context, sugar dating has only garnered attention from researchers in the Global North during the last decade, in the wake of a proliferation of websites facilitating the practice. In light of the contested nature of the phenomenon, in this article we critically assess how knowledge about sugar dating is constructed in the emerging literature on the topic in the Global North, with a particular focus on the role attributed to sugar daters’ own experiential accounts. Alongside furthering the discourse on sugar dating by unravelling the epistemological underpinnings of existing research, we utilise the case of sugar-dating research to elaborate on the continued relevance of feminist debates on the epistemological status of experience. We call for a more comprehensive theoretical examination of experience in sugar-dating research and posit that some versions of feminist standpoint theory, as well as strands in feminist phenomenology, provide valuable theoretical tools for navigating between understanding experience as an ideological construct and/or as a privileged foundation of knowledge.

“This is our country, too”: Embodied Experiences of and Resistance to Neo‐nationalism in a Midwest School District

AbstractNationalist rhetoric is not new to the US political context of transnational migration (Johnson et al., 2018). However, the election cycle of 2016 amplified nationalist rhetoric and policy in new public spaces, including schools and classrooms. In this article, I analyze neo‐nationalist discourse as voiced by the Trump Administration in and adjacent to language classrooms and general education classrooms in a predominantly White, Midwestern school district with growing demographics of students designated as English Language Learners (ELLs). Using intertextual and interdiscursive analysis (Fairclough, 1992) and embodied sociolinguistics (Bucholtz & Hall, 2016), I trace how neo‐nationalist discourses entered the classrooms, homes, and, I argue, bodies of newly arrived, racialized, documented, and undocumented immigrant students. I demonstrate how such rhetoric and policy provoked physical manifestations of trauma coupled with resistance, showing how the circulation of neo‐nationalist ideas contributed to ideological constructions of immigrant student and family identities along lines of race, immigration status, and language. Based on my findings, I center participants' lived knowledge and goals to argue that these moments demand response in schools and language education classrooms and offer implications for research, policy, and practice.

Influence of Ideological Themes in Social Media Political Campaigns on Voters’ Education and Participation in Nigeria’s 2023 General Elections

This study adopted mixed research methods to investigate how ideological themes in social media political campaigns have influenced voters’ education and participation in Nigeria’s 2023 general elections. Through questionnaire and interview research instruments, the study found that in the last 2023 General Elections, Facebook was more often used for political campaigns in Nigeria compared to Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, google+, Facebook, WhatsApp and Blogs. These social media platforms, as the findings demonstrated, were more accessible to the voters thus, have easily became tools for political campaigns and were used to a great extent for that purpose. Unfortunately, as finding indicated, the ideological themes dominant in these platforms (social media) were to a great extent, negative as they were dominated by insults, abuse of opponents, hate speeches, falsehood, blame shifting, ethnocentric and religious undertones, anxiety and apathy among others, thereby, to a great extent, contributing to apathy among majority of voters in participating in the elections. Posting, commenting and sharing were the various ways through which those ideological campaign messages were spread to voters during the period of the last elections. The study concluded that social media has come to stay as platforms for use among stakeholders during political campaigns but its influence is abused by negative ideological construction which to a great extent, affects voters’ education and turn up in elections in Nigeria.

Unraveling the Language and Ideology: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Permendikbudristek No.30 Year 2021 in Republika Newspaper

This study examines the ideological construction in the national newspaper Republika (a newspaper with an ideological perspective on Islam in Indonesia and reader responses to the news regarding Permenristekdikti No. 30 of 2021. The method used in this study is critical discourse analysis. The research technique is qualitative descriptive. This research has explained the ideological construction through the Fairclough framework for critical discourse analysis (CDA) by applying it to news texts, articles/opinions from experts, editorials/editorials, and main reports published mid to late November 2019, a total of 13 articles, in details, five articles in the form of news, four articles including the main report, 1 article in the form of articles/ opinions from education experts, and 2 in the form of editorials, only 1 article was published by Republika which is a form of support for this regulation. An in-depth analysis was carried out on intertextuality. In the modality analysis, the use of modalities in the news text studied was dominated by epistemic modalities compared to three other modalities, namely intentional, deontic, and dynamic modalities. The use of these modalities in positive or negative sentences represents a certain ideology (Requests from education experts and Islamic mass organizations that Permendikbudristek Number 30 of 2021 be reviewed; accommodate religious guidance, Islamic teachings, Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution, and cultural values in Indonesia. An ideology can be detected by analyzing the linguistic corpus data on the selected diction in the concordance series. The corpus data in the concordance series strengthens the ideology of the newspaper. Among the word series in concordance are Permendikbudristek (80), violence (72), agreement (44 ), criticism (10), and revised (5).This study examines the ideological construction in the national newspaper Republika (a newspaper with an ideological perspective on Islam in Indonesia and reader responses to the news regarding Permenristekdikti No. 30 of 2021. The method used in this study is critical discourse analysis. The research technique is qualitative descriptive.This research has explained the ideological construction through the Fairclough framework for critical discourse analysis (CDA) by applying it to news texts, articles/opinions from experts, editorials/editorials, and main reports published mid to late November 2019, a total of 13 articles, in details, five articles in the form of news, four articles including the main report, 1 article in the form of articles/ opinions from education experts, and 2 in the form of editorials, only 1 article was published by Republika which is a form of support for this regulation. An in-depth analysis was carried out on intertextuality. In the modality analysis, the use of modalities in the news text studied was dominated by epistemic modalities compared to three other modalities, namely intentional, deontic, and dynamic modalities. The use of these modalities in positive or negative sentences represents a certain ideology (Requests from education experts and Islamic mass organizations that Permendikbudristek Number 30 of 2021 be reviewed; accommodate religious guidance, Islamic teachings, Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution, and cultural values in Indonesia. An ideology can be detected by analyzing the linguistic corpus data on the selected diction in the concordance series. The corpus data in the concordance series strengthens the ideology of the newspaper. Among the word series in concordance are Permendikbudristek (80), violence (72), agreement (44 ), criticism (10), and revised (5).

Negres catalans, nacionistes i bandolers: genealogia d’un equívoc fusterià


 
 
 The “Nationalism” entry in Diccionari per a ociosos, by Joan Fuster, develops, based on the finding in the Diccionari Aguiló of the term nationist [nacionista], an essay on Catalan collective identity in the modern era. According to Fuster, the existence of a term like this in the Catalan language long before the construction of modern national ideologies began anywhere in Europe reveals in an almost premonitory sense the Catalan national condition, halfway between the “excellent” peoples, like France, and the “frustrated” ones, like Occitania. Fuster deployed his hypothesis, however, without having checked the context of the source quoted by Marià Aguiló, a Dominican convent chronicle from the beginning of the 17th century: Lumen Domus. In this paper, we retrace the route Fuster did not take to understand the sense in which this unique witness to term nationist in the Catalan language appears.
 
 

Islam i muslimani u Bosni i Hercegovini kao objekat antiislamske propagande

In the years leading up to and during the aggression on Bosnia and Herzegovina, what is now manifested in the West as Islamophobia was, at that time through Orientalism, one of the key elements of the Greater Serbian ideology directed against Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnian Muslims, both then and now, have not properly valorized and consequently have not adequately addressed these ideological constructs about them. In their political immaturity, they failed to understand that the creators of the Greater Serbian ideology had a keen understanding of Western perceptions of Muslims and extensively utilized them first in their propaganda against Muslims, and then in justifying their crimes against them. Today, similarly, destructive ideologies aimed at Bosnia and Herzegovina from neighboring regions, particularly those elements related to propaganda against Islam and Muslims, correspond to the increasingly prevalent Islamophobia in the discourse of European far-right extremism and neo-fascism, as well as the promoted perceptions of Islam and Muslims in the West, sometimes serving as their precursor and inspiration. In this paper, we intend to provide examples of this ideological alignment regarding Islam and Muslims in Bosnia and Herzegovina between the Greater Serbian ideologies directed against Bosnia and Herzegovina and certain perceptions of Islam and Muslims in Europe. Keywords: Islamophobia, genocide, Bosnia and Herzegovina, neo-fascism, ideology.

MODERATION IN INDONESIAN TAFSIR: CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF THE TERMS OF UMMATAN WASATAN IN THE AL-QUR’AN DAN TERJEMAHANNYA BY THE MINISTRY OF RELIGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

Various kinds of religious issues in the context of the state, such as intolerance between religious communities, have made the state formulate a program of religious moderation through the Kementerian Agama RI in 2019. The importance of this program can be seen from the inclusion of religious moderation in the Konsep Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional 2020-2024 by Bappenas. On the other hand, the Ministry of Religion has been producing Qur’anic literature for a long time through the Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahnya, Al-Qur’an dan Tafsirnya, Tafsir Tematik Moderasi Beragama, and others. This article attempts to trace the meaning of religious moderation through Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahnya from time to time (1990 and 2019 editions), with the following questions: How do the products of the Al-Qur’an Terjemah Kemenag discuss religious moderation? The meaning of the word tawasut will be traced from the Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahnya from time to time. This research is a text analysis (content analysis) with a qualitative research method that comes from two main data sources, namely primary data and secondary data. Furthermore, processing the data is done by using the literature mapping technique. The conclusions obtained from these two editions do not exist in a vacuum. Texts were produced according to the context and socio-political setting of the time. After analyzing through text dimensions, discursive practices and sociocultural practices, it was found that the construction of ideology in the structure of the text can be seen in the translation changes in the two verses. Expanding the meaning and euphemism of the terms used responds to the context surrounding the Qur’an and its translation by the Kementerian Agama RI. The production and consumption of texts can then be seen from government policies through the Kementerian Agama in the socialization of moderation in all lines of people’s lives, in religion, intellectuals and society.

THE OPERATION OF HEGEMONY IN VICTORIA AVEYARD’S RED QUEEN

Red Queen by Victoria Aveyard is dystopian, young adult fantasy novel setting up in the Kingdom of Norta where the construction of a class in society is determined by blood color; Silver and Red. In this novel, there is a depiction on how power and ruling position could be achieved by utilizing a process of negotiating beliefs and values rather than conducting a full coercive domination. The Silvers as the dominant class indoctrinating ideology using hegemonic apparatuses before finally gaining concensus and achieving ruling position from the Reds as subordinate class. This study uses qualitative research method. As the theoretical framework to analyze the data in the novel, this study utilizes the theory of hegemony by Antonio Gramsci. The purpose of this study is to discover how hegemony operation is constructed by the ruling class to subordinate class and to find out the ideological construction in Red Queen. The result of this study elaborates that hegemony operation works through several stages. This study also discover that hegemony operation depicted in the novel is correlatively related to the issue of racial discrimination and white supremacy in the United States. The ideological construction that is built in the Red Queen novel is to resist the totalitarian government with Silvers’ ideology that put the Reds powerless and inferior. From this result, it can be concluded that Red Queen as a cultural product acts as one of the hegemonic apparatuses to spread certain ideology of the author to the reader.

Retracted: The Construction of Ideological and Political Education in Higher Vocational Schools Based on Smartphone Carriers

Retracted: The Construction of Ideological and Political Education in Higher Vocational Schools Based on Smartphone Carriers

Ideological Construction of the Mass Media: Study of Religious Moderation News in the National Online News Media and its Relation to Moderate Da’wah

This study analyzes the ideological construction of the mass media in reporting on religious moderation and its relation to moderate da’wah on Kompas.com and Mediaindonesia.com. This research is a type of qualitative research. News as a unit of analysis was selected by purposive sampling each of 3 (news) for each media. Problems are analyzed with Robert M. Entman's framing analysis which is part of the analysis of mass media texts. This research concludes that Kompas and Media Indonesia construct ideology in religious moderation news which is associated with issues of intolerance and radicalism. These two national media construct news on religious moderation using a moderate national ideology. Concerning moderate da’wah, these two national media do not directly write news with moderate da’wah messages. These two national media construct support for moderate da’wah narratives by constructing religious moderation news. Ideologically, these two national online news media construct news by supporting the practice of religious moderation and the practice of moderate da’wah. The implication is that these two national online mass media need to continue to produce news campaigning for religious moderation and moderate da’wah. News construction related to religious moderation and moderate da’wah needs to be done to help prevent the emergence of radical, extremist, and liberal views.

“Multilingual islands in the monolingual sea”: Foreign languages in the South Korean linguistic landscape

Abstract The article aims at analyzing data on the South Korean linguistic landscape, with a focus on multilingual practices and different dimensions of language use, sets of norms, and ideological constructs underling particular linguistic choices. It is based on the analysis of a data set of over 800 digital photos of various signs and advertisements as well as necessary metadata gathered in 2018–2020 in four different urban contexts. The data, on the one hand, reflect recent changes favoring multilingualism; on the other hand, they demonstrate pragmatic inequality of other languages than Korean in public use. This inequality, however, is represented differently in certain spatial urban contexts; while commodified English tends to function as a substitution for other foreign languages and as an emblem of “foreignness,” agentivity of new ethnically diverse speakers creates “multilingual islands,” and that process can at some point challenge the dominance of monolingual ideology.

Where do ‘mixed, unclear, and unstable' ideologies come from? A data-driven answer centred on the incelosphere

ABSTRACT In Europe and North America, an increasing proportion of individuals who are referred to de-radicalization programmes, arrested for terrorism offences, or involved in politically motivated violence, present a ‘mixed, unclear, and unstable' (MUU) ideological profile instead of holding a single, clear and coherent extremist belief system. Where do these composite and often inconsistent ideological constructs come from? This paper offers a direct attempt to conceptualize and empirically expose the sources and drivers of the MUU phenomenon, using an in-depth case-study tracing the emergence of MUU ideological constructs from the incelosphere. Based on a theoretical model that acknowledges the interplay of structural-, societal-, and individual-level drivers, we argue that the MUU phenomenon results from (sometimes strategic) individual uses of a specific technological affordance – outlinking – and that these fluctuate in response to significant external events such as the Covid-19 lockdown. Our findings enhance our understanding of recent cases of extremist violence and unlock new targeted avenues for CVE intervention.