Ideological Positions Research Articles

Ideological Positioning in Covid-19 News Reportage in Ghana

This study investigates the different ideological positions in news reportage on COVID-19 between April to August, 2020, reported on Citi TV, Joy News and TV3. The research examines lexical choices in the news that enact ideological positions following the assumptions of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as the main instrument of analysis for the news reports. It became evident from the analysis that the ideological positioning in the three TV stations are represented differently. Whereas Citi TV tends to use lexical choices to minimize the seriousness of the pandemic, Joy News uses lexical choices to hold the government and stakeholders accountable to affected patients. Lexical choices used by TV3, on the other hand, employs words to appeal to Ghanaians to adhere to safety protocols by providing facts from credible sources. The news reports on COVID-19 demonstrates how the three TV stations reported on the same pandemic in vastly different ways through particular uses of lexicon that reflected their differing ideological positions and national interests.

Ideological Positioning in Primetime TV News Presentations in Ghana

This study investigates ideological positioning in the four TV stations’ primetime news presentations in Ghana. The study explores linguistic resources that enact ideological positioning in the primetime TV news presentations. It begins with ideological positioning in evaluative resources, it proceeds to ideological positioning in semiotics and ideological positioning through other linguistic features through the lens of Appraisal Theory by Martin and White (2005). It became clear that linguistic resources in primetime TV news presentations enact different ideological positioning for subjects of the news

The Upward Mobility Potential in U.S. Intercollegiate Athletics: A Critical Examination of NCAA Division I College Baseball Players’ Hometown Demographics

American meritocratic ideology positions sports as level playing fields in which individuals, regardless of their background, can ascend with the right combination of ability and effort. Yet few studies challenge the sport-meritocracy ideology by empirically examining the socioeconomic backgrounds of college athletes (Allison et al., 2018). Studies of youth sport participation show that community-level income shapes athletic opportunities suggesting class is a strong barrier to physical activity (NWLC, 2015; Sabo & Veliz, 2008; Tompsett & Knoester, 2022). Class inequalities are exacerbated in sports with robust privatized youth systems like baseball (Klein et al., 2020; Post et al., 2022). Utilizing a unique quantitative dataset of NCAA Division I college baseball players (n = 19,987), we consider the extent to which a community’s socioeconomic levels and racial demographics shape the chances of someone becoming a college baseball player. We compare college baseball players’ hometown income levels and racial demographics to their home state and to U.S. averages. We also consider differences across competitive divisions (i.e., Non-Power 5 vs. Power 5). Findings show that college baseball players—regardless of conference affiliation—commonly come from affluent, nonminority cities, with high education and income levels, indicating that socioeconomic status is a significant predictor of college athletic participation.

Linguistic purification of violence in the press: a comparative critical discourse analysis of execution news

The aim of this study is to probe for the discursive construction of shared beliefs about capital punishment. Drawing upon a specialized corpus of execution news, the study explores representational practices, including social actor naming, action description, and incorporation of voices, and compares respective lexico-grammatical choices that are orchestrated to reconstruct the events of executions in Thailand from 1997 to 2017. The findings reveal that these discursive choices purify state killing and hide the violence of state killing. While representation choices become less overtly negative over time, the underlying ideological position of the press has not changed. Throughout these periods, executions are represented as a routine procedure by minimizing and/or concealing state agency and as a commensurate punishment for the executed individuals, while the law enforcement and justice systems in place are intertextually framed as unproblematic and effective in deterring crime, based on the perspectives of few elite sources. By way of demystifying subtle linguistic choices, this study makes transparent the way in which the press endorses, normalizes, and perpetuates favorable stances toward death penalty in a democratic society.

K politickému liberalizmu Johna Rawlsa: Perspektivy a úskalí v současném občansko-politickém diskurze

Except to the Theory of Justice from 1971, which fundamentally changed the view of pluralist democracies with a market system on the welfare state and redistribution, John Rawls was also responsible for another application of philosophical doctrine to political practice by the form of the idea of political liberalism. This approach, as in the case of the „Theory of Justice“, was to once again solve the fundamental dilemma of democratic and pluralist societies built on the value basis of liberal tradition and market economy, how to approach opinion opponents who hold other ideological attitudes, which operate in democratic frameworks. In the presented text, we tried for an objective definition of John Rawls's political liberalism, while the study had the ambition to analyze the perspectives and pitfalls of this concept for the contemporary civil-political discourse. For the purpose of the presented study, we chose the method of analysis of the author's original work as well as secondary literature. Subsequently, we synthesized the obtained partial findings into statements and knowledge of new quality. The study demonstrated that, similar to the author's work „Theory of Justice“, this concept of the author in the form of „Political Liberalism“ is workable and applicable in civil-political practice. However, the text also works with the idea, that this approach is currently accepted rather formally, and the idea of political liberalism necessarily runs into the problem of gradual preference of liberal conceptions of the good life. By referring to authors from domestic and also foreign philosophical communities, the text demonstrated the international and interdisciplinary scope of the problem, which extends into the broad field of humanities and social sciences..

Discourses about Miracle: Spectrum of Positions

The study is devoted to construct a typology of discourses about a miracle. Discourses are interpreted in this case not in a linguistic, but in a philosophical sense, as a certain “way of talking” about a chosen phenomenon. This includes the ontological and ideological position of the speaker (writer), emotional and value pathos, a communicative attitude or lack thereof, a message to the listener (reader) of specific views and beliefs. The author distinguishes three groups of discourses on the ideological basis: 1) a miracle, understood as supernatural, but accessible for communication; 2) a miracle understood as a man-made, purely human phenomenon; 3) a miracle as the result of a “dual determination” coming from both the transcendent and the person himself. The miracle is initially interpreted in the article as a positive phenomenon that can be described and expressed in speech without directly naming the word itself. Within the first group of discourses, the following are considered: religious (Christian), mythological and fairy-tale discourse, and the fate-providentialist discourse is also highlighted. The second approach, connected with the denial of the supernatural, speaks of a miracle in the context of its scientific and technical creation, as well as hopes for a miracle within the framework of progressive and utopian concepts. The third type of discourses, combining the view of a miracle as coming from above and from the person himself, includes mystical-magical, existential and creativistic discourses - interpreting the theme of creativity. The mystical-magical discourse describes a miracle as the result of illumination and as a consequence of persistent spiritual searches. In the existential discourse, represented by fiction, there is also a place for describing a miracle as a magical nature and a magical fate. In creative discourse, the miracle is the very act of the birth of a new one. Summing up what has been said, the author emphasizes that he presents readers with nothing more than a sketch that requires further work and thematic disclosure.

Value orientations as the basis for the formation of the axiological profile of a teacher's civic identity

Introduction. Modern socio-political transformations in the country, focusing on the upbringing of the younger generation in the spirit of preserving and strengthening traditional Russian values, determine the increasing role of the teacher in the formation of civic identity among young people in the context of a large-scale technologically developing economy. In the conditions of new challenges threatening domestic value orientations, it is necessary to build a system of values of the future teacher as a translator of ideological positions in the process of educating students, in accordance with social needs and requests.The purpose of the study is to identify the value orientations of the teacher in the formation of the profile of his civic identity.Materials and Methods. Information from scientific sources (articles) and regulatory documents on the topic of the work was used as materials for the study. The study used theoretical methods of analysis, theoretical generalization, logical comparison of information, as well as methods of scientific interpretation.Results. As a result of scientific understanding and generalization of the proposed concepts of the formation of civic identity, the study proposes an axiological profile of the teacher's civic identity, representing the worldview of the teacher as a citizen of Russia, based on a system of national values: love for his native country, pride in his Homeland, civic responsibility and patriotism. The axiological profile of the teacher's civic identity is presented in three structural and functional components: knowledge, reflexive and regulatory, and also has a structural and dynamic characteristic with a description of the components and levels of formation in the terminology of the value justification of the development of the phenomenon of the teacher's civic identity.Discussion and Conclusions. The theoretical and methodological research carried out on the implementation of the project, which also provides for the experimental part, declares a powerful promotion of the axiology of education in understanding methodological approaches to the formation of civil identity of the younger generation. The practical implementation of the project consists in the instrumental development of the educational component of the professional training of the future teacher, capable of promoting the moral formation of students, solving the problem of the value and motivational aspects of the training of future teachers who develop personality.

Madan Bhandari and His Theory of People’s Multiparty Democracy

People’s Multiparty Democracy (PMPD), postulated by Madan Kumar Bhandari in the early 1990s, is a political, economic, and social theory that combines Marxism with specific Nepali attributes. By reviewing the global landscape of socialist movements, Bhandari’s political thought offers a theoretical framework for critically examining Nepal’s evolving production relations based on its contemporary class dynamics. Tragically, Bhandari, who served as the Secretary-General of the Communist Party of Nepal-Unified Marxist Leninist (CPN [UML]), lost his life in a mysterious car accident in 1993. His political journey traces back to the 1960s when he began as a communist party worker during the Panchayat regime under the absolute monarchy. Subsequently, he drew inspiration from the postwar rise of communist parties around the world but went on to reshape Nepal’s unique left movement, setting it distinctly apart from other communist parties in South Asia and beyond. He recognized the need for a joint movement with non-communist groups like the Nepali Congress for the restoration of multiparty democracy, which remained vital in his ideological transformation. Applying a historical explanatory approach, this article explores the factors contributing to the formulation of PMPD while also retracing the evolution of Bhandari’s ideological position in the left movement with Nepali characteristics. Through an examination of the political history and Bhandari’s political philosophy, this article sheds light on the theory of PMPD, which has now become the guiding principle of CPN (UML).

Is there a "childless vote" in Europe?

We examined associations between childlessness and voting in Europe. We used cross-sectional European Social Survey data from 20 countries (n = 37,623). Our results suggest that there is a "childless vote" in Europe. Supporting our pre-registered hypothesis, childless individuals voted for parties that had visibly positioned themselves at the Green-Alternative-Libertarian (GAL) pole of the GAL-TAN (GAL vs. Traditional-Authoritarian-Nationalist) ideological dimension. The pre-registered explorative analyses of associations between childlessness and economic left-right ideology or other policy positions of the party for which the individual had voted did not yield results. Explorative analyses suggested in the review process showed that self-rated religiosity was independently associated with childlessness, but ideological left-right self-placement or self-ratings of political attitudes were not. Our results suggest a new demographic prognostic of vote choice, thus adding to the literature on demographic processes associated with political dynamics.

Administrative Liability for Discrediting the Activities of Public Authorities

The subject of the analysis is the relations and activities of law enforcement agencies related to the qualification of administrative offenses aimed at discrediting the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and state authorities in the context of unfriendly relations and armed confrontation between individual countries. Forces of the Russian Federation and public authorities in the conditions of unfriendly attitudes and armed confrontation of certain countries. The purpose of the study is to clarify the phenomenon of verbal and intensional offences of psycho-emotional type, the peculiarities of construction, design and deconstruction of the main elements of the composition of this type of administrative offences. Clarification of the criteria for the separation of conditionally lawful and categorically unlawful act expressed as a negative statement or aggressive unstable attitude of the psychological state of the person who committed an administrative offence also is the purpose of this paper. The research methods are based on the application of the legal text and correlation of the context of circumstances from the positions of the main provisions of propositional logic (derivation of categorical judgements about the meaning of certain terms with uncertain semantics (discrediting, publicity, targeting, etc.)). The doctrine of multiple predicates (which allowed building of matrix structures of admissibility of imputation of an unlawful act to a subject with a certain legal status only, as well as situational negation of admissibility of its imputation, if a full map of the subject's legal status is not available) is also used in the present research. Besides, design of modal constructions (rules of qualification of administrative offences of psycho-emotional type), as well as the logic of evaluations (in terms of weak and strong statements about prohibited or permissible statements about the activity of representatives of the authorities in certain conditions or in certain ways) is used as effective research method . The main conclusions of the study are expressed in the assertion of the priority establishment of amenability and punishability for offences related to the formation of destructive anti-cultural stereotypes, false ideological attitudes, belittling of the traditional way of life and denial of vital foundations of Russian society, the need to eliminate legal constructions with vague and unclear content. Increased attention should be paid to the semantic analysis and targeting of the offender's phrases precisely to replace the upheld public position with egoistic aspirations and planting the priority of personal misconceptions. It is necessary to introduce a separate category of rules of information and semantic analysis when imputing this or that administrative offence.

Agenda-setting and journalistic translation: The New York Times in English, Spanish and Chinese

AbstractDrawing on the concepts of agenda-setting and framing, this article aims to examine the role played by translation in the selection of articles of the New York Times for the Spanish and Chinese versions. It analyses whether the three versions focus on similar topics and therefore follow a similar agenda, identifies the topics that receive more salience via translation, and how these are complemented with texts specifically written for the translated/foreign language versions, as well as the framing mechanisms used by the writers and/or translators to create, suppress or accentuate ideological positionings. For that purpose, a constructed week methodology was used in order to collect a total of seventy articles per language. The analysis, based on Baker's adaptation of narrative theory and Kress and van Leeuwen's study of non-verbal signs, shows that the three versions of the New York Times vary in terms of format and content. Thus, while the English and Chinese versions focus on political and economic issues, the Spanish version undergoes a process of tabloidization.

Literatur und Ökonomie: ein mediävistischer Kommentar zu zwei Handbüchern

Abstract This medievalist review article arises from the publication in 2019 of two conceptually and materially very different handbooks on the topic of ›literature and economy‹: the ›Routledge Companion to Literature and Economics‹ and the de Gruyter ›Handbuch. Literatur & Ökonomie‹, the eighth volume of the series ›Handbücher zur kulturwissenschaftlichen Philologie‹. Focal points of my critical discussion are: 1. the Marxist foundations of ideology critique in Econo-literary Criticism, 2. the long history of the debate on the relation of text and context in literary studies, 3. the controversy surrounding the application of Joseph Vogl’s ›poetics of knowledge‹ to the economic domain, and 4. the ideological positioning of economic themes in pre-modern literature between the poles of ›Commercial economy‹ and ›Christian economics‹.

V. V. Zenkovsky’s assessment of S. L. Frank’s attitude to the problem of the beginning of the world

The article deals with the views of S. L. Frank on the problem of the creation of the world, their critical assessment is given, made by V. V. Zenkovsky in his History of Russian Philosophy. The difference in the understanding of this problem by thinkers is stated. S. L. Frank accepted the pantheistic concept of the emanation of the Absolute. Accordingly, he made a conclusion about the essential connection between God and creation, V. V. Zenkovsky fundamentally rejected pantheism, insisting on the essential difference between God and creation. During the study, methods of comparative analysis were used, which involve a reasoned and consistent identification of similarities and differences in the philosophical positions of S. L. Frank and V. V. Zenkovsky. Hermeneutic methods were also used to better understand the semantic content of texts. It is argued that "antinomian panentheism", which S. L. Frank adhered to, is a modification of the pantheistic worldview. Therefore, his ideological position was rightly criticized by V. V. Zenkovsky from a Christian theistic point of view. The author makes an assumption that the reason why the philosopher, realizing the vulnerability of his views, nevertheless did not leave them, was the prevalence of the psychology of the Christian religion over its ontology in his religious experience. For S. L. Frank, the personal connection between God and man was extremely important, but he believed that church authority rejected its necessity. The author of the article considers this opinion of the philosopher to be inadequate, since at the Palamite Councils in Christian dogmatics a definition was developed on the synergistic interaction of God and man. This opened up for the latter the possibility of deification by grace.

One hundred years of dynamic minimum wage regulation: Lessons from Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States

Since the first minimum wage legislation was introduced in Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States in the early 1900s, minimum wage regulation has attracted controversy. Opponents of minimum wages use market theory to defend their position, while supporters justify state intervention based on principles of equity and social good. This article examines how these two ideological positions have influenced the fixing of wages, and the ensuing results. As little comparative research exists on the origins, evolution and current systems of minimum wage regulation in the three countries, this article aims to address the gap in the literature.

The nontrivial approach or how physicians-bolsheviks treated kings. The Soviet medicine in the Arabian peninsula in 1920-1930s

In the late 1920s, the USSR intensified its international activities in the Arabian Peninsula. The rapprochement with Arab monarchies provided opportunity to study political, economic and ethno-cultural characteristics of region by organizing transit of pilgrims to Mecca through the Soviet territory and providing medical care in first-aid posts at diplomatic missions. The Soviet physicians, in atypical situation of Arab monarchies, played important role as intermediaries between royal courts and the Soviet government, serving as agents of "soft power". The article considers causes of Moscow geopolitical interest to this region in 1920s-1930s. The distinctions of interaction between Soviet physicians and ruling circles of Hijaz and Yemen were explored. The humanitarian, cultural and geopolitical significance of these activities were examined. The article considers and explains, through optics of geopolitical approach, situational rationality that was applied by medical men when approaching treatment of royal personages despite ideological mismatch of this work with Bolshevism dogmas. The article consistently demonstrates, noting non-triviality of both locus itself and approaches to organization of medical care, how professionalism of Soviet physicians gained confidence of monarchs of Hijaz and Yemen in complicated conditions of competition with highly qualified physicians from Western Europe. It is emphasized that in conditions of Arabia, ideological attitudes had secondary importance, while such qualities as personal charisma and medical professionalism, which created solid reputation foundation for Soviet physicians, came to foreground.

Идеологический компонент военного дискурса

This article analyses the ideological component in the Georgian-language military discourse. It should be noted that the concept of discourse in modern Russian and foreign linguistics is interpreted in different ways, and the range of scientific approaches applicable to it is rather diverse, including linguocognitive, pragmastylistic, linguoculturological and others. The scientific description of the phenomenon of military discourse is limited to a few works. One of the key characteristics of this phenomenon is that its function is to organize communication between the subjects of professional communication, in the particular case, in the armed forces. The subject of research in this paper is the functioning and implementation of the language structures that contribute to the formation of the desired ideological attitudes and values in the addressee. The choice of texts of the military discourse of contemporary Georgia is determined by their accessibility to a wide range of readers (open access), as well as by the fact that to date there are no works related to the study of Georgian-language military texts within the framework of linguistics. Based on the works of Russian and foreign linguists, the main components that characterize military discourse as a separate category are identified. The ideological constituents of military discourse are determined, reflecting the communicative organization of the worldview of its subjects. In addition, lexical characteristics inherent in military discourse are highlighted. We believe that the materials reflected in this paper can be of interest and use to linguists, linguoconflictologists, specialists in intercultural communication and political linguistics as well as in Kartvelian studies.

The Conditional Lawmaking Benefits of Party Faction Membership in Congress

Does joining a party faction in Congress enhance or undermine a member’s lawmaking effectiveness? Prior research suggests that factions can help members electorally in signaling their distinct ideological positions to potential political supporters. By contrast, we examine the nine largest ideological caucuses over the past quarter century to test three hypotheses about the conditional lawmaking benefits of faction membership: (1) that benefits from faction membership are limited to those in the minority party; (2) that members of ideologically centrist factions gain the greatest benefits; and (3) that sizable factions exploit their pivotal positions to help their members achieve legislative victories. We find support for only the first of these three conjectures, consistent with the argument that factions offer valuable resources to those in the minority party and that majority-party leaders counter the proposals arising from their own party’s factions. The fact that faction membership offers no significant lawmaking benefit to majority-party legislators challenges conventional wisdom.

Czech Conspiracy Websites as Agents of Illiberalism: Case study of Parliamentary Elections 2021

In the past several years, conspiracy websites emerged as relevant actors in Czech uncivil society. The article uses the lens of the concept of illiberalism to explain their ideological position, relation to the liberal democratic system and understanding of politics. The analysis of their reporting about the Czech Parliamentary elections 2021 allowed the article to uncover their allies and enemies and describe the role they want to play in Czech politics.

Conditional environmentalism of right-wing populism in power: ideology and/or opportunities?

ABSTRACT This study focuses on right-wing populists (RWP) in power and their discourses and policy preferences on environmental issues. Through a content and frame analysis of electoral manifestos, party communication and semi-structured, in-depth interviews with party representatives, this paper examines whether ideological or contextual factors (political opportunities) determine RWP positioning on the environment. By focusing on the only three cases in Europe of RWP in government in a prominent position, i.e. alone or as a major coalition partner (also representing key ideological varieties of RWP), Law and Justice – PiS in Poland; Fidesz in Hungary and Lega in Italy, this study shows that ideological positions (and especially differences) are less important in determining RWP environmental discourses than are opportunities and institutionalization. Moreover, we also find that the shared features across these actors reflect a conditional, ‘yes-but’ environmentalism of these parties, embedded in the discourse of ecological modernization and oppositional, Manichean framing.

The Ideology of the Republic of Indonesia in an Islamic Political Order

On condition moment This important knowing the State Ideology of Indonesia, namely Pancasila which plays a role in strengthening the existence of this nation. At first glance, this political system seems to rule out aspirations people Islam. Because in country Which majority its inhabitants people Islam, No in a manner firm accommodate law Islam in system political And the law. In this study the authors carry out the normative. Need a writer put forward suggestion as continuation from study writer about things the above so as to be able to provide more complete and concrete information. With the understanding that the position of Pancasila ideology can be recognized as final base And ideology country Which accepted as aspirations people Islam in journey of the formation of Indonesia.