Ideological Adaptation Research Articles

Literature and art as political discourse: adapting The White-Haired Girl in the communist context of China

ABSTRACT It is not only political actors but also the contexts, which make a text political discourse. This nuanced understanding turns political functions and implications into defining features of political discourse. Using the Chinese revolutionary work The White-Haired Girl as a case study, this paper argues that the constant adaptations of the work, in its various literary and artistic forms, are intrinsically political. Born out of a folktale, the work first assumed the form of literary non-fiction in 1940. Aligning with Chinese Communist Party’s evolving political agendas in the next few decades, The White-Haired Girl migrated across medial borders to take the form of a movie in the 1950s and a ballet in the 1960s. The highly ideological adaptations transformed the work into political discourse, with its life sustained not primarily by artistic merits but by political functions. The adaptation history of The White-Haired Girl reveals that intersemiotic translations of a work tend to complement their source text(s), and they also bear (intertextual) traces of their sociohistorical contexts.

Exploring the Motivations and Personality Traits of Pro-Russian Collaborationists in Ukraine.

This study investigates the personality traits and motivations of collaborationists with Russian invaders in Ukraine. A focus group of individuals who knew collaborationists personally identified 14 collaborationism motives (CMs), which were used to interview 104 probation clients convicted of collaborationism. The study utilized the five-factor model developed by Costa and McCrae to evaluate individual characteristics. Categorical principal component analysis (CATPCA) reduced the 14 CMs to three dimensions: pragmatism, adaptation, and fear. The study found that individual factors promoting collaborationism included pragmatism, ideological adaptation to changing realities, and fear stemming from threats to the life and health of an individual and/or their relatives. The study provides insights into the psychology of collaborationism, which can be useful in designing resocialization programs during the probation period of collaborationists.

MULHERES CANGACEIRAS

The mystery deeply inhabits the arid and rocky cracks of the Brazilian Northeast and it is in this inhospitable, wild and aggressive piece of burning ground that we will refer to the past to understand some social issues that involved the concept of gender and its ideological adaptations. The entry of women in the cangaço created new directions, leveraged a new concept. They imposed their own identity, unique personalities. They were persecuted, faced power structures, created survival strategies, influenced postures, dictated rules and became respected in the contradictory sexist world of cangaceirismo.

MULHERES CANGACEIRAS

The mystery deeply inhabits the arid and rocky cracks of the Brazilian Northeast and it is in this inhospitable, wild and aggressive piece of burning ground that we will refer to the past to understand some social issues that involved the concept of gender and its ideological adaptations. The entry of women in the cangaço created new directions, leveraged a new concept. They imposed their own identity, unique personalities. They were persecuted, faced power structures, created survival strategies, influenced postures, dictated rules and became respected in the contradictory sexist world of cangaceirismo.

Old Wine in New Bottles: Discourse Articulation and China’s Ideological Adaptation in the Time of Transition

ABSTRACT This article describes the ideological adaptation that occurred in China during the 1990s, when the reform of state-owned enterprises rearticulated the state-labor relationship. The market-oriented reform produced a series of meaning dislocations within the discursive field, departing from the traditional ideology of the party-state. By conducting discourse analysis on media reports published in the People’s Daily, this article argues that the party-state deployed various discourse articulation practices to realize its ideological adaptation and maintain internal ideological consistency. Specifically, the party-state employed four types of ‘interpretive packages’ to reconcile the market reform’s rationale with its own orthodox ideology, rearticulating the quadrilateral relationship among the workers, state enterprises, the party, and the government, as well as their roles within this ideological tradition. Discourse articulation has contributed greatly to the construction of a hegemony that constrains and fixes the new meanings stemming from the reform. However, it has also generated unintended consequences, such as conflicts among various discourse practices. The findings provide us with a pathway to understand how authoritarian states stabilize their ideology during periods of accelerated change and allow us to rethink the role of ideology in states’ transformation, a topic that could be explored in future studies.

ПАРАДИГМА ЭТНОПОЛИТИЧЕСКОГО АРОМОРФОЗА В НАЦИЕСТРОИТЕЛЬСТВЕ НОВЫХ ГОСУДАРСТВ

In the context of global transformations taking place in the world and affecting the ethnopolitical sphere of national politics, the authors see the following scientific, political and managerial problem.Namely, ensuring the stability and sustainability of political systems of states in an era of unsettled identities. Moreover, during the formation of civil (state) identities in new polities in the post-Soviet space. Based on the evolutionary theory of aromorphosis in biology (A.N. Severtsov, I.I. Shmalgauzen, L.Sh. Davitashvili) and in society (G. Spencer, L.E. Grinin, A.V. Korotaev), the authors of the article present a paradigm of ethnopolitical aromorphosis, as well as the paradigmatic theory of transethnic transitions of a number of ethnic groups in new states. Within the framework of this paradigm, the authors present three main models of ethnopolitical aromorphosis in the post-Soviet space: a model of ideological adaptation (minor evolutionary changes), a model of ethnopolitical catamorphosis or ethnopolitical degeneration, a transethnic transition of subordinate groups to other ethnic and civil identities of new polities, a hybrid model of ethnopolitical aromorphosis, in fact, movements from the model of ideological adaptation to the model of controlled regressive changes. The purpose of the article is to explain the evolutionary process of correction (soft form) and change of ethnic identities (radical form) of subordinate and dominant ethnic groups in new polities, which leads the authors to the identification and justification of a new type of nation-building - ethnopolitical aromorphosis. Objectives of the article: 1) to substantiate the action of the paradigm of ethnopolitical aromorphosis, the paradigmatic theory of transethnic transitions in the post-Soviet space, 2) to present the models and effects of ethnopolitical aromorphosis in new polities, 3) to substantiate the right to exist of the paradigm and paradigm theory with empirical data and arguments of already existing ethnopolitical theories, 4) link the process of ethnopolitical aromorphosis with the imperative of ensuring the stability of the political systems of new polities, some of which are logically correlated with failed (unformed) states.

Реставрация матрицы традиционного сознания в России: возможности и перспективы

The article deals with the topical socio-philosophical and socio-anthropological problem of restoration of the matrix of traditional consciousness in modern Russian society. With the help of structural and functional analysis of Russian traditional consciousness and socio-anthropological model of 10 degrees of freedom as autonomy the system of basic practical principles is presented. These principles are actualized precisely in emergency situations and contribute to the reduction of the degree of freedom of the whole society. Restoration of the matrix of traditional consciousness becomes a complicated, dialectical problem for the Russian power (“paternal”) vertical, since it requires a significant restriction of opportunities for free self-realization of most citizens and even comes into conflict with the basic values of the “mother vertical” - preservation and continuation of the race. The long-term presence of society in such forced tension can cause social upheaval, while the short-term experience of an emergency situation suggests the development of ways of ideological adaptation in the form of such practical attitudes as “moderate fatalism,” “personal non-resistance to evil,” “harmony with nature” and “I can be useful to others. These attitudes allow us to build our own variable model of adaptation to the sharp decrease in the degree of personal and social freedom and to preserve the inner potential for a further return to a full creative life. The article also considers the possible prospects of the modern implementation of the updated principles of the matrix of traditional consciousness, and identifies the most problematic and dangerous trends.

Spanish Far-Right Party “Vox”: Its Role in Shaping of the EU Regional Agenda

The “Vox” party has turned into an influential actor of the European politics due to its electoral success; institutional and ideological adaptation to the country’s changing party landscape; attempts to create its own institutional, organizational, informational, and creative resources; as well as its policy of forming strong alliances with European and American rightwing conservative forces. Based on the spatial approach (categories of political space and political identity) and discourse-analysis, the author tries to comprehend the policy guidelines of “Vox”; determines the place of the party in the political system and the media sphere of Spain; defines the role that “Vox” plays in shaping the regional agenda of the EU. The study focuses on the political and institutional aspects of how “Vox” strengthens its relations with similar EU parties based on partisan and ideological identity, designing alternative projects of European integration, and establishing a new, ideologized format for the relations of Spain (and more broadly - the EU) and the Ibero-American countries. The author concludes about the structuring and the formal institutionalization of communications and political interactions between the far-right political elites which carries risks for the EU’s efforts to create a macropolitical identity and the metanarrative of memory, therefore, potentially leading to political divisions in the EU.

Peripheral Nerve: Health and Medicine in Cold War Latin America

Peripheral Nerve: Health and Medicine in Cold War Latin America

Переложение фольклорных сюжетов на язык художественной литературы: поэма Г. Тукая «Су анасы» сквозь призму фольклорно-мифологического базиса произведения

The article is the first attempt to determine the peculiarities of the perception of folklore and mythological plots, with the image of Su Anasy in the center, by Tatar fiction. The relevance and significance of the present research is determined by the lacunarity of this scientific topic in the modern Turkology research. The investigation reflected in this article is based on the use of comparative, systemic, functional and genetic methods, as well as the reconstruction method. The use of these methods is determined by the desire to present a comprehensive analysis of the multifactorial influence of the folklore and mythological specifics of the Su Anasy image on its plot, ideological, ethical and aesthetic adaptation to the field of fiction, that is the aim of the present work. In the course of the analysis, it was established that the central image of the poem of Tatar classic G. Tukay is a kind of quintessence of the traditional worldview of the Tatar ethnos, accumulating the most archaic, basic epistemological and axiological constants. The revealed fact of the dialogue between folklore and imaginative literature, forms an ethnically marked consonance between the two varieties of verbal creativity, and we can claim that this very statement explains the fact that several generations of literary scholars assess the Gabdulla Tukay’s «Su Anasy» as a truly folk work.

Information Achievements of Prehistory in the Panorama of Archaeological Cultures in the Urals and Western Siberia

Our focus is the type of responses the population of the taiga zone of the Urals and Western Siberia gave to cognitive challenges, as well as dynamics and rhythms of information breakthroughs of the Stone-Early Iron Age. The existence of multi-directional migration corridors indicated formation of an extremely diverse anthropological, linguistic and cultural composition of the taiga pioneer population, thus creating natural communication barriers in the context of severe inter-group competition for resources. Against this background, in the Neolithic (7th–5th millenniums BC), a practice of building fortified settlements, hill-forts, and “sacrificial hills” became widespread — and that was not typical of hunters and fishermen. Erection of those complex and labor-consuming structures required mobilization of a significant number of people, as well as resources and expertise, and contributed to group consolidation in a new territory. It was that type of dramatic disruption that occurred at the turn of the 3rd and 2nd millenniums BC. Considerable changes in the way of life of the taiga population came as a direct result of the “metallurgical revolution”. The development of independent metallurgical centers in the Middle Urals traditional ideas about the inability of the population of the appropriating lifestyle to adopt transformative strategies. The northernmost regions became another watershed in the region. The turn of the Eras was marked by development in reindeer herding, which was accompanied by a series of discoveries in the fields of food production, transport development, communications, trade, and symbolic activities. Archaeological data directly indicate the formation of adequate responses and information breakthroughs to the cognitive challenges of the high latitudes of Eurasia, and explain the variety of forms of socio- ideological adaptations and evolutionary alternatives.

Class, Censorship, and the Construction of the Child Reader in Nineteenth-Century Children’s Dictionaries

Histories of lexicography acknowledge that the original purpose of English dictionary-making was pedagogical. Although children’s dictionaries are widely regarded as a 20th-century genre, several dictionaries were specifically developed for children as early as the 18th and 19th centuries. Moreover, these dictionaries were ideologically adapted for child readers with the aim of providing social and moral education. This article explores one facet of the ideological adaptation of 19th-century children’s dictionaries, namely sexuality. Creating children’s dictionaries involves choices about the selection of headwords, the inclusion of word senses, and the wording of definitions. Such choices were not only guided by space constraints and ideas about children’s intellectual capacities, but also by conceptions about appropriate and inappropriate material for children. 19th-century compilers of children’s dictionaries employed “politeness strategies,” which could involve omitting parts of a definition, word senses, or even entire semantic fields related to sexuality. Moreover, dictionaries aimed at children from various social and religious backgrounds constructed the child reader differently in terms of innocence and/or corruption.

The 2016 Scottish Parliament Elections: Unionist Parties and the Constitutional Divide

If voting for the Conservative party had become somewhat of a rarity in Scotland since the Thatcher era, the May 2016 Scottish Parliament election ushered in a new era, as it saw the resurgence of the Scottish Conservatives after they obtained a total of 31 seats. A comparative perspective on Labour and Conservative Party attitudes to devolution and post-devolution Scottish politics will shed light on the electoral demise of the former and the rising fortunes of the latter. This article seeks to examine the main unionist parties’ differences in terms of structural and ideological adaptation to devolution within the broad centre-left consensus that characterizes the current Scottish political landscape.

El mundo funerario augusteo en la Hispania meridional. Una aproximación arqueológica

In this paper it is studied the process of the use of monumenta in southern Hispania through the archaeological and epigraphic documents at the end of the first century AD. The social and economic changes that occur in Hispania Ulterior in the late Republican time emerge in the age of Caesar and Augustus (with new municipia and coloniae). It produces an important change in the urban necropolis with the adoption of the monumenta caracteristic of Rome and the Italian Peninsula. The funerary archaeology of this time in the cities of southern Hispania proves this process of cultural and ideological changes and adaptations through the graves.

Fianna Fáil: the art of adaptive survival

ABSTRACTFor over eight decades, Fianna Fáil demonstrated a remarkable capacity for successful adaptation to cope with a turbulent and increasingly uncertain electoral environment. Unlike many dominant parties that rely principally on state resources to bolster their organizational reach, Fianna Fáil has demonstrated a knack for adapting to challenges in more nuanced and variegated ways to reinforce its long-term advantages within the Irish party system. This article highlights two overarching strategic adaptations, in particular. First, it underscores how Fianna Fáil’s capacity for ideological adaptation has contributed to constraining the electoral arena, thereby preventing minor parties from successfully claiming hot-button issues and instead re-directing competition towards the their party’s relative ability to deliver goods and services locally. Second, it places in high relief Fianna Fail’s capacity to employ extra-parliamentary institutional adaptations within the Irish political system, including the national system of wage bargaining, referenda, and tribunals at times when it suits the party electorally. Taking into account these adaptive strategies is essential for understanding Fianna Fáil’s uncanny electoral staying power.

Neo-liberalism and the Nordic welfare model: a study of the Liberal Alliance and ideological adaptation in Denmark

This article explores whether and how the neo-liberal ideology has adapted to the Nordic welfare model by studying the attitudes of voters and grass-roots members of the Danish party Liberal Alliance towards the welfare state. This inquiry into one of the key issues for the neo-liberal ideology is inspired by theory on how an ideology will adapt to its context. The expectation outlined in the article is for the neo-liberals of this party to favour features that make the Nordic welfare model distinctive – extensive governmental responsibility, especially for children and the elderly, and a universalistic approach to providing welfare. I have explored this question using a mixed-methods approach, where I analyse a survey of voters and interviews with grass-roots members of the party. Combined this shows that the neo-liberals in Liberal Alliance do support a role for the welfare state that extends beyond a minimum welfare state, especially for the care of children, but they view old age and retirement mostly as a problem each individual must deal with. Regarding the universalistic approach to providing welfare, the neo-liberals seem torn between two different tendencies, one being a perception of a fair way to provide welfare and the other the idea of a selective welfare state as a neo-liberal core idea, which leads to ambivalent attitudes. I argue that this results in a form of the neo-liberal ideology that has adapted to the Nordic welfare model.

Neo-liberalism and the Nordic welfare model: a study of the Liberal Alliance and ideological adaptation in Denmark

This article explores whether and how the neo-liberal ideology has adapted to the Nordic welfare model by studying the attitudes of voters and grass-roots members of the Danish party Liberal Alliance towards the welfare state. This inquiry into one of the key issues for the neo-liberal ideology is inspired by theory on how an ideology will adapt to its context. The expectation outlined in the article is for the neo-liberals of this party to favour features that make the Nordic welfare model distinctive – extensive governmental responsibility, especially for children and the elderly, and a universalistic approach to providing welfare. I have explored this question using a mixed-methods approach, where I analyse a survey of voters and interviews with grass-roots members of the party. Combined this shows that the neo-liberals in Liberal Alliance do support a role for the welfare state that extends beyond a minimum welfare state, especially for the care of children, but they view old age and retirement mostly as a problem each individual must deal with. Regarding the universalistic approach to providing welfare, the neo-liberals seem torn between two different tendencies, one being a perception of a fair way to provide welfare and the other the idea of a selective welfare state as a neo-liberal core idea, which leads to ambivalent attitudes. I argue that this results in a form of the neo-liberal ideology that has adapted to the Nordic welfare model.

Ideologically-adapted Translations: Challenge for Adequacy, Need for Retranslation

Translation has always been regarded as the main channel for disseminating works of art, literature and culture. Throughout the history, Azerbaijani writers and poets have contributed to the world literature, as well as benefitted from the best literary masterpieces of the world by means of translation. The art of translation is the credit to the interaction between nations, cultures, and literatures in particular. However, the path of historical development of the national translation studies and translation practice in Azerbaijan has not always been smooth. Azerbaijan has for 70 years been a part of the USSR, and consequently all fields of human life, as well as translation activity were under strict control of the central authority. Ideological censorship imposed on culture, art and literature, particularly, on the literary translation can still be sensed today. The aim of this paper is to study the ideological deviations, adaptations and modifications in fiction translation during the Soviet period in Azerbaijan and to show why retranslation of such works is necessary in our country.

Jinghan Zeng, The Chinese Communist Party's Capacity to Rule: Ideology, Legitimacy, and Cohesion

The complex relation between the Chinese Communist Party’s ideology, legitimacy, and capacity to rule has been under-researched. In The Chinese Communist Party’s Capacity to Rule: Ideology, Legitimacy, and Cohesion, Dr. Jinghan Zeng notes that previous scholarship on the legitimacy of the Chinese authoritarian regime focuses primarily on government performance and pays insufficient attention to ideology. In fact, most current literature on this issue propound a rather narrow understanding of ideology as a formal system of belief and thus consider the problem of ideology to be obsolete in the study of contemporary Chinese public administration. The book challenges such conventional understanding. It approaches the concept of ideology in terms of a prevailing political discourse, which provides a source of legitimacy and justifies cohesion. Moreover, it seeks to answer the question of how the Communist Party maintains its rule by studying two crucial strategies: ideological adaptation and institutionalization of leadership succession. The author argues that ideology, broadly understood, not only influences the construction of popular legitimacy, but also plays a crucial role in maintaining the internal stability of the ruling elite. Together they contribute to the “survival” of the Chinese authoritarian regime.

The Christian Support Networks for Immigrants in Palermo

Based on a fieldwork conducted in Sicily, this paper analyses how, when faced with the emergence of immigration, Christian organisations in Palermo become involved with the migration issue, notably thanks to the pioneering commitment of certain clerics. It draws attention to the heterogeneous nature of the Christian sphere, the internal secularisation of the religious organisations working with migrants, and the transformations of the church-related associative sector from a volunteering to professional expertise model. In sum, the capacity for organisational and ideological adaptation of religious organisations has enabled them to retain social control of the territory by becoming inescapable stakeholders in the migration issue. This study also identifies the practices and the know-how of the actors involved in these organisations, and singles out the motives that lead them to engage with these organisations and the meaning they attach to their implication