Identity Statements Research Articles

Resisting Modernism or the Last Gasp of the Arts and Crafts?: Church Building in Canterbury and North Otago in the 'Thirties

The dominant historical narratives of twentieth-century architecture present the 1930s as the period during which Modernism's claim to be the architectural style of the century was consolidated and when the new architecture began to spread across the globe. In New Zealand, as in the rest of the world, this master narrative has tended to obscure the significance of buildings constructed in more traditional styles. The five New Zealand buildings included in the RIBA's Centennial Exhibition, International Architecture 1924-1934, were not, however, the latest examples of Modernism in this country, but relatively conservative designs, including Cecil Wood's Arts and Crafts inspired St Barnabas's Church at Woodend (1932). Wood's building forms part of an extensive group of small country churches built throughout Canterbury and North Otago during the 'thirties. These include Wood's St Paul's, Tai Tapu (1930-31) and Herbert Hall's St David's Memorial Church at Cave (1930), although by far the best know is RSD Harman's Church of the Good Shepherd at Lake Tekapo (1935). These small, unpretentious churches, many built with assistance from a government fund initiated to stimulate the construction industry, made use of modern materials, especially reinforced concrete, but their mode of expression remained conservative. They were often embellished with furnishings executed in the traditions of the Arts and Crafts movement. In most cases these churches were important statements of local identity while at the same time expressing the diverse cultural origins of those who built them. In style they were invariably Gothic yet within that dominant idiom considerable stylistic diversity was achieved. For both architects and their clients Modernism, with its emphasis on internationalism and the machine, was unable to express the rich veins of meaning which such buildings were required to embody. Yet as expressions of the uncertainties of the time, their conservative aesthetic values, their reassertion of pioneering roots and of an enduring local identity were as significant as Modernism's confident assertion of a better, essentially urban, future. At a time when the approaching Centennial events of 1940 was stimulating a reassessment of the country's past, these buildings also acted as powerful statements of consolidated achievements.

Equivalence of linear, free, liberal, structured program schemas is decidable in polynomial time

A program schema defines a class of programs, all of which have identical statement structure, but whose expressions may differ. We define a class of syntactic similarity binary relations between linear structured schemas, which characterise schema equivalence for structured schemas that are linear, free and liberal. In this paper we report that similarity implies equivalence for linear schemas, and that a near-converse holds for schemas that are linear, free and liberal. We also show that the similarity of two linear schemas is polynomial-time decidable. Our main result considerably extends the class of program schemas for which equivalence is known to be decidable, and suggests that linearity is a constraint worthy of further investigation.

Precis of Terms and Truth: Reference Direct and Anaphoric

In this book, Alan Berger further develops the new theory of reference -- as formulated by Kripke and Putnam -- applying it in novel ways to many philosophical problems concerning reference and existence. Berger argues that his notion of anaphoric background condition and anaphoric links within a linguistic community are crucial not only to a theory of reference, but to the analysis of these problems as well. The book is organized in three parts. In part I, Berger distinguishes between two styles of rigid designation. Based on this distinction, he develops a theory of reference change for rigid designator terms and shows how this distinction sheds light on identity statements. In part II, he offers an account of belief attribution containing vacuous names within the belief context, of intentional identity statements, and of true negative existential statements. In part III, he analyzes anaphoric expressions (i.e., expressions whose reference is determined in part by other clauses or sentences in a given discourse) and presents a formalization of anaphora and plural quantification.

Vagueness, Persistence and Indeterminate Identity

I argue that for those who follow Evans in finding indeterminacy of de re identity statements problematic, ontic vagueness within a three-dimensionalist metaphysics will raise some problems that are not faced by the four-dimensionalist. For the types of strategies used to avoid de re indeterminacy within the context of ontic vagueness at-at-time, that is, spatial vagueness, are problematic within a three-dimensionalist framework when put to use within the context of ontic vagueness across-time, that is temporal vagueness.

Mental Health Practitioners: The Relationship Between White Racial Identity Attitudes and Self-Reported Multicultural Counseling Competencies

Throughout the preceding 3 decades (Arredondo-Dowd & Gonsalves, 1980; Pedersen, 1987; Sue, 1977; Sue, Arredondo, & McDavis, 1992; Sue & Sue, 1977), a strong call has emerged within the counseling profession advancing the proposition that it is imperative to prepare mental health professionals who are multiculturally competent. Arguments to support this movement address the utilitarian goals of good counseling as well as humanitarian and ethical concerns (Pedersen, 1991). The call for clinical multicultural competence has been formalized in program accreditation standards (American Counseling Association [ACA], 2005; American Psychological Association [APA], 2003b; Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs, 2001), provider guidelines (APA, 1993, 2003a), licensing and certification regulations, and statements of professional identity by counseling and psychology professional groups (Pedersen, 1991; Speight, Thomas, Kennel, & Anderson, 1995). The preponderance of counseling and psychology clinical practitioners in the United States are members of the majority racial/ethnic cultural group, commonly identified as European American (Pedersen, 1997). Therefore, it is important to determine the preparedness of European Americans to deliver culturally competent counseling services in a pluralistic society. One factor that may influence multicultural counseling competency is the racial identity development status of the practitioner. Racial identity has been theorized to significantly affect cross-racial counseling relationships (Helms, 1984, 1995). Racial identity development influences the quality of an individual's racial group identification. Identification with the racial group is tempered by the manner in which the individual internalizes racism and oppression (Kohatsu & Richardson, 1996). Helms's (1995) White racial identity model is developmental in nature and has been reformulated so that the process is seen as dynamic. Statuses in the Helms model are defined as the dynamic cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes that govern a person's interpretation of racial information in her or his interpersonal environments. The statuses range from least developmentally mature or sophisticated to most mature or sophisticated. Maturity not only pertains to whether a status has evolved within the ego of the individual but also addresses whether the status is strong enough to be called upon to assist the person in coping with racial material. All individuals have a primary or dominant status from which they tend to operate in most situations that they interpret as involving racial information (Helms, 1984, 1995). A person may also react or respond at the level of secondary statuses that are potentially accessible under the certain circumstances, and these secondary statuses are part of the person's personality profile. Thus, an individual's attitudes, behaviors, and emotions may be reflective of more than one status. Investigation of racial identity has focused almost exclusively on historically underrepresented racial/ethnic groups, particularly African Americans (Cross, 1978; Parham & Helms, 1981, 1985a, 1985b). In general, studies suggest a strong association between positive mental health attributes and those stages of Black racial identity characterized by secure, positive identification with one's Blackness (Ponterotto, 1988). Prior to the work of Helms (1984, 1993) and Ponterotto, very little research examined the racial identity development of European Americans, the majority cultural group in the United States. However, since that time, researchers have begun to recognize the importance of examining the racial identity development or ego statuses of European Americans, who represent the majority of professionals providing counseling services (Burkhard, Ponterotto, Reynolds, & Alfonso, 1999; Helms, 1984, 1995; Ottavi, Pope-Davis, & Dings, 1994; Sabnani, Ponterotto, & Borodovsky, 1991; Tokar & Swanson, 1991; Vinson & Neimeyer, 2000). …

Joined‐up texting: mobile phones and young people

Looks at the part that mobile phones play in young people’s lives. Emphasises that mobile phones are not just landline substitutes but are personal extensions, identity statements and fashion statements; paradoxically, the control they give to their owners to communicate when and where they choose makes mobile phones an instrument for privacy as well as independence. Describes a UK‐based research project, part of the Nestle Social Research Programme, on how mobile phones are used and whether there are age and sex differences. Concludes that mobile phones are indeed thought essential by young people, with texting prominent in their social interactions with both peers and parents; males tended to use mobile talk more than females, who used landlines more, and landlines tended to be used for “difficult” conversations; older people tended to use computer‐based email more than younger people, who appreciate the immediacy and other benefits of the mobile phone.

Cultural Property and Student identity in the Multicultural Classroom

Early in my stint as chair of English department at my current school, I initiated process of getting approval for a new general education literature course on Inklings, group of Anglo-Catholic British writers dominated by two towers of Tolkien and C.S. Lewis. Given popularity of these two writers with our overwhelmingly Christian student body, au courant nature of course given Peter Jackson's blockbuster film trilogy, and strong desire of one of our faculty to teach such a course, it seemed to me to be a worthwhile addition to range of courses undergraduates could take to fulfill literature requirements in general education curriculum. Messiah College, where I chair, is a relatively small (3000 students) college of the liberal and arts and sciences, which identifies itself as a Christian institution of higher education. Despite these particularities, school has participated in many of changes that have been affecting academe across country: a gradually diversifying student body; competition between traditional liberal arts and a more applied or practical curriculum; and systematic development of policy and procedure, fundraising, and administrative layering that has given colleges everywhere an increasingly corporate character. (1) Rationales for curriculum here, as elsewhere, strike one as a mixture of old-style idealism and business-like pragmatism. At Messiah, courses in literature have to comply with several parameters in order to be considered a part of general education curriculum, parameters that alternately seem to speak to practical pedagogical issues or offer somewhat generic blandishments about nature of educating a well-rounded individual: they cannot require prerequisites, they must expose students to work of writers, etc. At that time, one parameter also called for classes through which students could develop a greater understanding of their culture. In developing rationale for adding course, I found this last parameter vexing. Our institution has undergone some significant demographic change over past seven years, and, while our cultural diversity quite literally pales in comparison to most state colleges or elite private colleges in country, nearly eleven percent of our student body who come from non-white ethnic groups or from overseas represent a sea change from two or three per cent of a decade ago. In this respect, while still overwhelmingly white, we are more diverse in terms of race and ethnicity than vast majority of private colleges that claim a specifically Christian identity, and we are more diverse than most other private colleges of any type in our geographical location in Central Pennsylvania. Students of color have strengthened own voices, and, with some encouragement from administration, there have been new calls for celebration and affirmation of multicultural diversity. New policy and procedure documents and college-wide identity statements declare our commitment to antiracist and multicultural education, and a five-year plan states specific plans for establishing this identity. Moreover, Messiah College as a whole springs from a tradition rooted deeply in Dutch and German peace churches (Brethren in Christ, Mennonite, and so forth), churches with an emphasis on peace and social justice, and, incidentally, with a fairly strong residual sense of ethnic identity. The administration and faculty of college often defines college as at odds with, and has struggled to avoid being swallowed up by, what is seen as a dominant American religious, cultural, and political ethos associated with conservative white evangelicalism, what pundits euphemistically call Religious Right. Nevertheless, our student body is drawn primarily from precisely that form of conservative white Christianity. Finally, figuring out what their could really be referring to concerned me in that I am a scholar and teacher of multiethnic literature and co-chairperson of campus committee dedicated to promoting an antiracist and multicultural identity in classroom and in culture of college as a whole. …

Marcus' 1961 Article as a Termination of Russellian Dominance in Analytic Philosophy

This essay argues that 20th century analytic philosophy can be fruitfully divided into two periods, the Russell-based extension list philosophy of the first half of the century and the Marcus-based intension list philosophy of the second half of the century. The difference between these two philosophical periods is illustrated by the different analyses Russell and Marcus give to the sentence “Scott is Scott” and the different meanings they assign to the sentence “Identity statements between names are necessarily true if true”. Russell's influential role in analytic philosophy in the first half of this century is well-known, but it has not been until the mid-1990s that the decisive role that Marcus' philosophy has played in analytic philosophy during the second half of the century has begun to be widely recognized.

The Paradoxes of Chemical Classification: Why `water is H2O' is Not an Identity Statement

A puzzle for identity statements using massnouns, central to the expression of chemicaltypes, arises if one accepts that both `Wateris H2O' and `Ice is H2O' are identitystatements, since they jointly entail that`Water is ice'. The puzzle is resolved if itcan be shown that the `is' of such statementsis not the `is' of identity.

Supervenience and property-identical divine-command theory

Property-identical divine-command theory (PDCT) is the view that being obligatory is identical to being commanded by God in just the way that being water is identical to being H2O. If these identity statements are true, then they express necessary a posteriori truths. PDCT has been defended in Robert M. Adams (1987) and William Alston (1990). More recently Mark C. Murphy (2002) has argued that property-identical divine-command theory is inconsistent with two well-known and well-received theses: the free-command thesis and the supervenience thesis. I show that Murphy's argument is vitiated by mistaken assumptions about the substitutivity of metaphysical identicals in contexts of supervenience. The free-command thesis and the supervenience thesis therefore pose no serious threat to PDCT.

If you look like me, I'll talk to you: a preliminary study of ethnic identity and inter‐ethnic interaction among women in Singapore

In Singapore, government policy is for equal but separate development of the four major ethnic groups—Chinese, Malay, Indian and other. In this study, I attempt to gain some preliminary views of how strongly women identify with their own ethnic group and how freely they are prepared to interact with people from other ethnic groups in non‐work‐related situations. I confine my study to females for two reasons. One is that traditional ethnic dress is common among females in Singapore but much rarer among men, and this makes a strong non‐verbal statement of identity. The second reason is to avoid differences between males and females, which I did not wish to pursue within the limits of this exploratory study. The findings of my pilot investigation indicate that intra‐ethnic spontaneous interaction is more likely to occur among women who display a strong national identity. Moreover, younger women, who were exposed during their school years to the government's recent drive to nurture ethnic and cultural differences, are less open to inter‐ethnic interaction than are women in their 30s and older, who grew up when the government drive was towards creating one common national identity for the people of Singapore.

Task Force 1. Report of the Task Force on Patient Expectations, Core Values, Reintegration, and the New Model of Family Medicine

BACKGROUND To lay the groundwork for the development of a comprehensive strategy to transform and renew the specialty of family medicine, this Future of Family Medicine task force was charged with identifying the core values of family medicine, developing proposals to reform family medicine to meet consumer expectations, and determining systems of care to be delivered by family medicine in the future. METHODS A diverse, multidisciplinary task force representing a broad spectrum of perspectives and expertise analyzed and discussed published literature; findings from surveys, interviews, and focus groups compiled by research firms contracted to the Future of Family Medicine project; and analyses from The Robert Graham Center, professional societies in the United States and abroad, and others. Through meetings, conference calls, and writing, and revision of a series of subcommittee reports, the entire task force reached consensus on its conclusions and recommendations. These were reviewed by an external panel of experts and revisions were made accordingly. MAJOR FINDINGS After delivering on its promise to reverse the decline of general practice in the United States, family medicine and the nation face additional challenges to assure all people receive care that is safe, effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient, and equitable. Challenges the discipline needs to address to improve family physicians’ ability to make important further contributions include developing a broader, more accurate understanding of the specialty among the public and other health professionals, addressing the wide scope and variance in practice types within family medicine, winning respect for the specialty in academic circles, making family medicine a more attractive career option, and dealing with the perception that family medicine is not solidly grounded in science and technology. The task force set forth a proposed identity statement for family medicine, a basket of services that should be reliably provided in family medicine practices, and an itemization of key attributes and core values that define the specialty. It also proposed and described a New Model of family medicine for people of all ages and both genders that emphasizes patient-centered, evidence-based, whole-person care provided through a multidisciplinary team approach in settings that reduce barriers to access and use advanced information systems and other new technologies. The task force recommended a time of active experimentation to redesign the work and workplace of family physicians; the development of revised financial models for family medicine, and a national resource to provide assistance to individual practices moving to New Model practice; and cooperation with others pursuing the transformation of frontline medicine to better serve the public. CONCLUSIONS Unless there are changes in the broader health care system and within the specialty, the position of family medicine in the United States will be untenable in a 10- to 20-year time frame. Even within the constraints of today’s flawed health care system, there are major opportunities for family physicians to realize improved results for patients and economic success. A period of aggressive experimentation and redevelopment of family medicine is needed now. The future success of the discipline and its impact on public well-being depends in large measure on family medicine’s ability to rearticulate its vision and competencies in a fashion that has greater resonance with the public while substantially revising the organization and processes by which care is delivered. When accomplished, family physicians will achieve more fully the aspirations articulated by the specialty’s core values and contribute to the solution of the nation’s serious health care problems.

Refashioning Commodities: Women and the Sourcing of Secondhand Clothing in the Philippines

With Asian Spirit's regular flights to Baguio City starting on October 25 [2002], pine-scented breezes, strawberry jam and even ukay-ukay adventures are just a flight away (Asian Spirit Airlines, 2002).Among teeners, the wagwag [secondhand clothing] craze is called WW.COM to give it a more Internet-like sound. Cell phone texters call it WAG2 (Sanidad, 2001: 4).Just check out the new wagwag line displayed at the city's first rummage festival last week: a checkered Prada Scots suit, a pair of conservative Gias Italia footwear, a body-fit dark blue Versace blouse.... The wagwag industry has blossomed into Baguio's official tourist attraction.... (Cabreza, 2001b: B1)Popular media releases like these, now common throughout the northern Philippines, highlight how traders and consumers have transformed the West's secondhand clothing into innovative and alternative practices in dress and work. Since the mid-1990s, the export of used clothing from North America and northwestern Europe to developing regions has increased dramatically. The southern flow of this commodity is not simply another marker of passive incorporation into a northern-dominated global capitalist system, but rather a process that traders and consumers have exploited to fashion personal statements of identity and new livelihood opportunities. Ukay-ukay (to dig) or wagwag (to shake and sell) are terms that graphically describe how people in the northern Philippines choose pieces of secondhand clothing from boxes and bales that are imported in ever-increasing volume and sold in shops and open markets throughout the region (see also Hansen, 2000b: 2). The brisk sales of these goods epitomize how people move a globally traded commodity across diverse cultural spaces and practices, shaping and redefining its meaning and value in each site along its trajectory.Following the players who enable such commodity flows, this paper argues that Philippine traders and consumers in the northern Cordillera provinces use secondhand clothing to reconfigure work and identity by incorporating cultural practices into a global economic trade marginal to state influence. As women are the primary family caregivers and work as the region's foremost ukay-ukay traders, I focus particularly on women's multiple activities in this emerging sector. Consumers, for example, selectively choose secondhand garments, tailoring them and combining pieces with new locally manufactured clothing, to fulfill their families' needs. Female traders in secondhand clothing build on their history in local and regional informal sector vending to engage in ukay-ukay at different levels of business-from part-time sales and trade to full-time work. Those who engage in trade full time (wholesale and retail) are the more successful ukay-ukay dealers and invest substantial capital in goods and in national, as well as international real estate (e.g., in Hong Kong) to secure the warehouse facilities they require for their growing businesses. Their forays into such transnational investments and activities distinguish them from female entrepreneurs in other locales who also use such cross-border trade to increase income. In the latter case, however, such as that outlined by Carla Freeman (2001) for contemporary Caribbean higglers, (female market intermediaries) women's earnings from such international trade tend to supplement their low formal-sector wages but do not involve investing capital and employing workers internationally or making the leap from part-time to full-time cross-border work.To understand how women in the Philippine Cordillera transform the international flow of secondhand clothing, I draw on recent scholarship that adopts a gendered window through which to analyze such global processes (e.g., Freeman, 2001). Seeing women's engagement in ukay-ukay, as instrumental in determining the character of the global movement of goods, (not as a result of them), introduces alternative renderings of the relationship between gender and globalization (Freeman, 2001: 1012). …

Beyond Rigidity: The Unfinished Semantic Agenda of Naming and Necessity (review)

Reviewed by: Beyond rigidity: The unfinished semantic agenda of naming and necessity by Scott Soames Thomas Wasow Beyond rigidity: The unfinished semantic agenda of naming and necessity. By Scott Soames. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. Pp. ix, 379. ISBN 0195145283. $37.50. Soames 1985 opens with the following sentence: ‘Recent years have seen a significant convergence of interest among philosophers and linguists in constructing semantic theories of natural languages’. The present work made me wonder what had happened in the interim. Beyond rigidity (BR) may be excellent philosophy of language, but it contains little that is relevant to the concerns of linguists. As the subtitle implies, BR’s primary goal is to defend and elaborate Kripke’s (1980) thesis that proper names and natural kind terms are ‘rigid designators’. Rigid designators are referring expressions of which the semantic content is not equivalent to any description; rather, they designate their referents without the mediation of any descriptive conditions. Moreover, statements of identity between the referents of two rigid designators, if true, are claimed to be necessarily true, even though in many cases they are true a posteriori. The classic example of such an identity statement is 1. (1) Hesperus is Phosphorus. Although there is no doubt that it was an empirical astronomical discovery that the heavenly body named Hesperus (also known as the evening star) was the same as the one called Phosphorus (the morning star), Kripke argued that 1 is a necessary truth. Similar arguments are made with respect to statements of identity between natural kinds, for example, Water is H2O. Ch. 1 of BR summarizes the central theses of Kripke 1980 and identifies two unresolved problems that S seeks to solve. The first is that two sentences that, according to Kripke, express the same proposition may be used to convey different information and express different beliefs. For example, uttering Hesperus is Hesperus is uninformative, but an utterance of the purportedly semantically equivalent 1 is informative.1 The second unresolved issue BR addresses is the claim [End Page 786] that natural kind terms like water, cats, and pain are also rigid designators. S argues that although Kripke noted striking parallels between names and natural kind terms, he did not demonstrate that they shared all of the properties of rigid designators. S’s solution to the first problem is nicely summarized in the following passage (86): When speaking of the information carried by an assertive utterance of a sentence in a context, one must distinguish (i) the semantic content of the sentence uttered in the context; (ii) what the speaker says (asserts) by uttering the sentence; (iii) what the speaker implies, implicates, or suggests; (iv) what the speaker hopes or intends his utterance to impart to his audience; (v) what the audience does acquire from the utterance . . . I have argued that (i) is standardly included in (ii), but that in the case of many utterances, (ii) is not exhausted by (i). Claims about rigid designation are claims only about (i), not about (ii)–(v). In the course of arguing for this position, S responds at length to some of Kripke’s critics. Among the issues he addresses is the status of partially descriptive names such as New York City and World War I. He treats them as hybrids ‘associated with both a descriptive property Pd and a reference o [which] is determined in part by having the property Pd and in part by the same nondescriptive mechanisms that determine the reference of ordinary nondescriptive names’ (110). Later he asserts: ‘The semantic contents of the vast majority of linguistically simple proper names are their referents alone (or their referents plus the properties expressed by some very general sortals associated with the names)’ (129). The parenthetical hedge in the preceding quote is presumably meant to cover at least number and gender. But these are by no means the only aspects of proper names that convey information. Smarr and Manning (2002) have shown that it is possible to classify the referents of unfamiliar names with a surprisingly high degree of accuracy on the basis of orthography alone. S might well regard this discovery as irrelevant since it can easily be...

Gareth evans’s argument against vague identity

In the paper Evans’s argument concerning indeterminate identity statements is presented and discussed. Evans’s paper in which he formulated his argument is one of the most frequently discussed papers concerning identity. There are serious doubts concerning what Evans wanted to prove by his argument. Theorists have proposed two competing and incompatible interpretations. According to some, Evans purposefully constructed an invalid argument in order to demonstrate that the vague objects view cannot diagnose the fallacy and is therefore untenable. According to others, Evans wanted to formulate a (valid) argument to the effect that there cannot be vague identity statements whose vagueness is due solely to the existence of vague objects. As it has been argued, if it is the former interpretation which is correct, than the argument really is invalid, but it is doubtful whether it achieves its aim. It might be claimed that “the vague objects view” it refutes is not the view that most vague objects theorists hold. The main part of the paper is devoted to the second interpretation and the discussions concerning the validity of the argument on this interpretation. It appears that the vague objects theorist is in a position to object to the validity of every single step of the proof.

Cultivating Identity: The Gardens at Gracemere

The gardens at Gracemere homestead established by the Archer family in the mid nineteenth century represent an extant example of historical subtropical gardens in Queensland. They are, for this reason, highly significant gardens within the Queensland context. However, this paper sets out to describe and appreciate their form, not within this context, but as a unique statement of identity. The gardens at Gracemere can in one sense be seen as embodying a dialogue with the past – they are at this level a cultural artefact created consciously in emulation of the Archer family home, Tolderodden, in Norway, and consciously or unconsciously as an expression of nineteenth century European middle class notions of the genteel domestic garden. This proposition rests on notions theorized in the literature on landscape and memory/landscape and identity; that identity – personal, class, national – is often inextricably bound up with nostalgic memories or histories of a homeland landscape.

Constructing a Knowledge-based Identity: Experiences from Working with Intellectual Capital Statements

This paper analyses the inter-relationship between organizational identity and intellectual capital (IC) statements and suggests the IC statement as a framework for developing a knowledge-based identity. The results are based on a case study of a Danish electricity transmission system company, which started the process of changing its public provider identity towards a knowledge-based identity in a changing market by applying the framework of an IC statement. The IC statement, as a new way of defining and working with strategic company resources, makes it possible for a company to communicate how it wishes to define its activities both externally and internally. The paper concludes that, by working with IC statements, a company can achieve a way of constructing a new identity. Furthermore, the process of creating an IC statement can legitimize the whole idea of changing towards a knowledge-based identity

The Genesis of the Logic of Immediacy

The article traces the genesis of soku, a particle elevated to the status of an operator of dialectical logic by Japanese philosophers of the Kyo˘to school, to a translation problem that occurred when Buddhist thought spread from India to China. On the basis of the analysis of its most famous locus of occurrence, a passage in the Heart Sutra, it is shown how eva, a Sanskrit particle with the function of distinguishing between logical types of sentences, was transformed into a modifier of identity statements and an indicator of the inability of language to express deep-level Buddhist insights exhaustively.

Photos in Wiradjuri Biscuit Tins: Negotiating Relatedness and Validating Colonial Histories

ABSTRACTTins, cardboard boxes and albums hold one of the most prized and jealously guarded of all Wiradjuri Aboriginal ‘material’ possessions, the family photos. They are used to tell and recall stories, introduce people to kin, as items of exchange and as important statements of identity and belonging in the spatial and temporal politics of kinship. In this ethnographic study of Indigenous photo collections in south‐east Australia, I argue that photos have the capacity to extend the face‐to‐face nature of kin‐relatedness through time and space; they are important in negotiations of sociality; and they validate the past in contexts in which recourse to both myth and history have been constrained.

Frege on Identity and Identity-Statements: A Reply to Thau and Caplan

In ‘What's Puzzling Gottlob Frege?’ Michael Thau and Ben Caplan argue that, contrary to the common wisdom, Frege never abandoned his early view that, as he puts it in Begriffsschrift, a Statement of identity ‘expresses the circumstance that two names have the same content’ and thus asserts the existence of a relation between names rather than a relation between (ordinary) objects. The arguments at the beginning of ‘On Sense and Reference’ do, they agree, raise a problem for that view, but, they insist, Frege does not, as the ‘standard’ Interpretation has it, take these arguments to refute it. Rather, they claim, Frege is out to defend (a version of) his earlier view against these objections: indeed, the defense he there offers is pretty much the same defense offered in Begriffsschrift against what are pretty much the same objections.