Problem Of Identity Research Articles

One Ring to Bring Them Both and in the Darkness Bind Them: The Shire as Frodo Baggins’s Topographical Equivalent

This paper deals with the problem of identity and place in J. R. R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings. It attempts to show that the main character’s connection with his homeland is deeper yet than what is usually perceived. When comparing Frodo’s journey and the Shire’s development throughout the novel it is possible to see many coincidences in their paths. As a result, we may state that the Shire mirrors Frodo’s evolution. This curious discovery prompted the creation of the term “topographical equivalent” to describe their unique relationship. This, in turn, affects the hero’s journey, for when he reaches the Shire’s doppleganger, the land of Mordor, he is also facing his own. This encounter not only affects Frodo as a near death experience. It results in a painful extension of consciousness too, since the world is capable of containing an evil so opposite to his and his homeland’s natures. A change is produced from a local conception of place to a broader one of space. Both these traumatic events alter the hero. Furthermore, these consequences become quite revealing when trying to decipher Frodo’s strange relationship and final abandonment of the Shire after the Quest of the Ring is over.

Divided Self in Jean Rhys’ Voyage in the Dark

This paper discusses the problems of identity, time and place in Jean Rhys’ 1934 novel, Voyage in the Dark. It analyses Rhys’ aesthetics concerns in the creation of a subjective construction of the imperial metropole and the colonial space. In doing, this paper suggests how Rhys builds a bridge between contemporary modernist narrative techniques and a preceding Post-colonial perspective. The constant juxtaposition of time and place makes of Rhys’ protagonist, Anna Morgan, an elusive self. By means of this fragmented self, the author aims to reformulate colonial power relations and raise crucial questions about discourses of gender and national identity. As a result, this paper engages in a Post-colonial thought, arguing how issues about gender and race issues are articulated in Rhys’ novel. Rhys creates the subjectivity of a marginalized woman showing the effects of colonization and creating a metropolitan female identity based on fragmented and juxtaposed memories.

Towards an Improved Taxonomy of Attacks Related to Digital Identities and Identity Management Systems

Digital transformation with the adoption of cloud technologies, outsourcing, and working-from-home possibilities permits flexibility for organizations and persons. At the same time, it makes it more difficult to secure the IT infrastructure as the IT team needs to keep track of who is accessing what data from where and when on which device. With these changes, identity management as a key element of security becomes more important. Identity management relates to the technologies and policies for the identification, authentication, and authorization of users (humans and devices) in computer networks. Due to the diversity of identity management (i.e., models, protocols, and implementations), different requirements, problems, and attack vectors need to be taken into account. In order to secure identity management systems with their identities, a systematic approach is required. In this article, we propose the improved framework Taxonomy for Identity Management related to Attacks (TaxIdMA). The purpose of TaxIdMA is to classify existing attacks, attack vectors, and vulnerabilities associated with system identities, identity management systems, and end-user identities. In addition, the background of these attacks can be described in a structured and systematic way. The taxonomy is applied to the Internet of Things and self-sovereign identities. It is enhanced by a description language for threat intelligence sharing. Last but not least, TaxIdMA is evaluated and improved based on expert interviews, statistics, and discussions. This step enables broader applicability and level of detail at the same time. The combination of TaxIdMA, which allows a structured way to outline attacks and is applicable to different scenarios, and a description language for threat intelligence helps to improve the security identity management systems and processes.

Identity crisis of Algerians diaspora between self-culture and foreign language

The Algerian novel, written in French, addressed various issues relating to Algerian man, as it was able to portray his reality and express his personality with creative artistic insights. However, the problems of identity and religious, ethnic and ideological affiliation continued to occupy the minds of Algerian immigrant novelists who lived away from the homeland and language. Hence, was the Algerian novelist able to overcome the identity crisis in his journey of searching for the Algerian self and expressing its cultural particularities in his literature? Or did the language barrier prevent it? The research therefore highlights the issue of proving national identity while writing in the language of the other among Algerian novelists such as Malek Haddad, who likened French language writings to exile.

The Problem of Vertical and Horizontal Identity in Intergenerational Relationships

Philosophical ideas aimed at establishing and fostering equitable and constructive relationships between generations are gradually gaining more attention. From a philosophical perspective, the study of ethical problems related to intergenerational relations presents an opportunity to raise a number of pivotal questions and their potential solutions, questions that encompass issues such as identity of generations, transmission of socio-cultural heritage from generation to generation, intergenerational justice, responsibility between generations, etc. In this context, it is important to keep in mind that topics concerning different generations and generally having an intergenerational component imply diversity in some sense since we are dealing with the axiological and worldview features of different generations.
 Considering the above, the article discusses the process of constructing the identity of generations, explicitly addressing the gaps and contradictions between vertical (temporal) and horizontal (spatial) identity nowadays. Analyzing the features of vertical identity and horizontal identity of generations, the article draws from past experiences, identity metanarratives, and their integration into the identity-constructing process.
 The work also analyzes the role and significance of postmemory in shaping the identity and experiences of generations, highlighting both its constructive and destructive aspects.

Dynamics of Immigration: Displacement & Identity Crisis in Donald R. Gallo’s From Crossing: Stories about Teen Immigrants

The paper examines the displaced position of immigrants portrayed in the selected stories of Donald R. Gallo’s From Crossing: Stories about Teen Immigrants and explores the variables that affect the lives of the immigrants in a multicultural setting. The article analyzes psychological and physical repercussions of displacement of teenage characters in the stories with the focus on teens’ psychological status during the transition period. Teenagers undergo complexity of internal and social identities in which they face psychological complexity. They experience identity crisis in the destination country. Because of their belonging to different backgrounds, they undergo varied levels of domination and marginalization. They are not accepted and their identities are not tolerated because of being outsiders. Their movement from the homeland to the destination countries becomes a cause for being unaccepted. Their experience in the intolerant society leads them to alienation. The article has employed Stuart Hall’s perspective of identity and cultural diversity to scrutinize the displacement and identity crisis of the teenagers depicted as immigrants in the selected stories. The American society imposes established notions on the immigrants who are teenagers whose psyche is complex because of their displacement. They experience mental displacements as well in a new social setting as Lacan focuses on the teenage problem of identity when they shift from one teenage state to maturity. Moreover, it problematizes when people are culturally displaced in another culture where they have to adopt different cultures.

Local Community Detection in Graph Streams with Anchors

Community detection in dynamic networks is a challenging research problem. One of the main obstacles is the stability issues that arise during the evolution of communities. In dynamic networks, new communities may emerge and existing communities may disappear, grow, or shrink. As a result, a community can evolve into a completely different one, making it difficult to track its evolution (this is known as the drifting/identity problem). In this paper, we focused on the evolution of a single community. Our aim was to identify the community that contains a particularly important node, called the anchor, and to track its evolution over time. In this way, we circumvented the identity problem by allowing the anchor to define the core of the relevant community. We proposed a framework that tracks the evolution of the community defined by the anchor and verified its efficiency and effectiveness through experimental evaluation.

Multi-objective optimisation for sustainable few-to-many pickup and delivery vehicle routing problem

ABSTRACT E-commerce is a continuously growing sector significantly affected by sustainability issues during the last few years. To deal with economic, environmental and social sustainability aspects, e-commerce platforms consolidate orders to pick-up several requests from the same location, defining the so-called Few-to-Many Pick-up and Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem (F-M VRPPD). The proposed contribution addresses the optimisation of this problem by developing a multi-objective simulated annealing algorithm distinguished by four tailored Local Search (LS) operators specifically developed to increase the probability to identify feasible solutions and decrease the computational time. This algorithm is validated with several instances of a case study e-commerce platform based in an European mountain region. Firstly, the original LS operators are compared to benchmark literature ones to solve identical problems, reporting better performance in 84% of these instances. Furthermore, for the most relevant scenarios significant results are presented and discussed concerning the economic, environmental and social performance of the defined solutions according to the characteristics of the instances, as the routes height profile and the drivers’ metabolic energy consumption. The tri-dimensional Pareto frontiers suggest how through a slight worsening in the economic objective function it is possible to improve the social one by up to 18.3% on average.

Gender, Body and Subjectivity: A Study of Ballroom Gender Culture from the Perspective of Post-Modern Gender Theory

With the in-depth discussion of individual independence and self-consciousness in the post-modern social context, the construction of social identity has increasingly become an important part of individuals seeking their own interests and the legitimacy of existence. The problem of social identity essentially points to social stratification and the flow of social structure, and it is social culture and mass culture that play a key role in it. Corresponding to the mainstream mass culture, the minority culture and subculture accommodate the marginalized groups. Among them, ballroom culture is an important foundation for homosexual and other sexual minorities and vulnerable groups to resist the mainstream cultural discipline. Ballroom provides certain material and spiritual support for the marginalized vulnerable groups in society, which is the cultural space for the survival of sexual minorities. This article attempts to start from the theoretical writings of Foucault, Butler and other scholars in postmodern gender theories, and explore the corresponding issues of gender, body symbols and subject identity involved in ballroom culture.

ПРОТИВОРЕЧИВОСТЬ АДЕКВАТНОСТИ ЦЕНТРОБЕЖНЫХ МАШИН КОСМИЧЕСКОГО НАЗНАЧЕНИЯ

A specific property of the model fields created by centrifuges and called "inconsistency" has been established, which consists in the loss of adequacy when solving identical problems, but with somewhat modified initial data. An example is the transition from the problems of modeling overloads to the problems of modeling the hypogravity of the Moon.

ANALYZING CULTURAL HYBRIDITY IN HOME FIRE: A POST-COLONIAL PERSPECTIVE

Cultural hybridity is an integral part of migrants’ lives who cross borders and as a result they follow new routes, side by side they connect with their roots. When people migrated due to different reasons, these people also face exploitation and biased behavior of their masters or dominant nations. With the passage of time they stand for their right and succeed somehow in achieving them. In this research work Homi Bhabha’s cultural hybridity is examined. Which is present in his book The Location of Culture. In this selected work two Muslim families migrated to Britain. And in U.S their new generation face problem of identity, home, and cultural hybridity. In diaspora people face different types of problems when they settle into a new country. In new country these people and the new generation would not welcome in positive way they considered them as outsiders and because living in foreign country when they go back to their home country their own people also not enthusiastic towards them due to cultural mixing of that specific foreign country. These people often marginalized and face so many problems in consequence. Aneeka is portray as modern and culturally hybrid character who also considered other in Britain and in Pakistan as well. It is realized when she was struggling for her dead brother, she wanted him to get back home. In this study cultural hybridity stance of Homi Bhabha and the concept of Can the Subaltern Speak? By Gayatri Spivak is applied as theoretical lens. The qualitative approach is used in this research, in which text is analyzed deeply to dig out the concepts of cultural hybridity, home, border, and mimicry in the work Home Fire. Keywords: Cultural hybridity, Home, Border, Identity, Mimicry, Diaspora.

CONFRONTATION AND MUTUAL REFLECTION OF TWO WORLDS IN “THE GRASS DANCER” BY SUSAN POWER

An important layer of this research is dedicated to critical studies, which are directed at the strategies of creating a peculiarly Indian literary theory and practice. We have a desire to separate the indigenous tradition from the broad American, in particular, Anglo-American and recognize Indian writing as a component of the multicultural paradigm. Currently, there is a noticeable confrontation between two camps of literary critics: one of them is oriented to European literary theories and believes that they should form the basis of literary interpretations of indigenous writers’ works; another wing is determined by the need to clarify the peculiarities of the literary paradigm of “Indian realism” in the context of a globalized society taking into account new literary models of the perception of ethnic minorities. The need to write the article is caused by the lack of a comprehensive understanding of the problem in Ukrainian literary studies and the growing objective interest in the works of Native American writers, in particular Susan Power. The article proposes a conceptual and methodological determination of the study of a literary text written in the style of Indian realism, which makes it possible to reveal the raised scientific problem at many levels. The article examines how the drama of loss, search and a new acquisition of national identity by the Sioux people was artistically and aesthetically reflected in the text of Susan Power`s novel “The Grass Dancer”. The presentation and consideration of the problem of national and cultural identity provides an opportunity to see the artistic diversity in the understanding of the personal destiny of a person and the people in general, literary ideas about the Sioux people beliefs peculiarities, their aesthetic component and place in the national cultural canon. The main thing is to avoid the trap of a politicized and ideologized theory of multiculturalism, in which modern critics increasingly see an opportunity to interpret the texts of indigenous writers, which is actually the ideology of colonial domination hidden behind political correctness. The main purpose of this article is to outline a coherent theoretical and empirical model of multi-level functioning of Dakota national identity concept in the novel “The Grass Dancer” by Susan Power. Also the aim is to substantiate the leading concept of Sioux national identity literary manifestations interpretation as a unique code, epistemological, socio-cultural and artistic-aesthetic factor that plays a significant role in the modern worldview formation process and myth-making of Dakota society representatives. The following article involves historical-cultural and structural approaches, which correspond to the purpose and tasks of the research; methods of cultural-semantic analysis and phenomenological methods were also used. The persistent deconstruction of the Eurocentric canon of world literature, not only at the level of academic discussions, but also in the system of university teaching of world literature, demands new texts such as “The Grass Dancer”. The reformatting of canons is, of course, a permanent process, but the globalization of the literary canon today acquires a qualitatively new scale and breadth proposed by Susan Power. Multiculturalism with its influence on cultural dynamics and the idea of national and cultural identity can’t be considered the driving cultural stimulus of changes in all its ambiguity. To an even greater extent, transculturalism, proposed by Power, aimed at defining common interests and common values across cultural and national borders for non-native readers. That is her main contribution to the construction of a more globalized literary canon. Susan Power as a Native American writer has repeatedly addressed the specified range of the Indigenous problems, which constantly tested the agreement prevalent in the nonnative science with the most urgent problems of Native literary studies.

Identity profiles, motivations for attending university and study-related burnout: differences between Finnish students in professional and non-professional fields

Research suggests that the reported increase in student mental health issues such as study burnout might be related to students’ identity problems and their motivations for undertaking higher education. The present study added to this line of research by investigating the associations between identity profiles, motives for attending university and study burnout in a sample of Finnish first-year university students (N = 430). Field of study (professional vs non-professional) as a factor was also evaluated because differing occupational prospects might influence one’s sense of identity. The results showed that (1) three identity profiles emerged (i.e. achievement, moderate moratorium and diffusion), (2) students in the achievement profile scored lowest on burnout, (3) the achievement profile was the most common among students studying for entry to a profession and (4) students in the achievement profile scored highest on internal motives for attending university. It is concluded that most students lack a clear sense of identity and that identity measures may be more appropriate in predicting study progression and well-being than motives for attending university or engaging in a field of study.

The new center of Vilnius: spatial transformation and challenges of genius loci

ABSTRACT In the post-Soviet period, a political decision was taken to relocate Vilnius’ old center to the Neris River’s right bank, thus completing the tortuous and complicated process of urban transformation that began during the 1970s modernization. This article examines the development and evolution of the unsuccessful transformation of the former Vilnius suburb of Šnipiškės into a new representative center of the capital. The authors attempt to clarify how the future problematic identity of the new center has been influenced by the neglect and disregard of the historical spatial development of this part of the city and the genius loci of the heritage of wooden architecture. The new center has not yet acquired a new cultural identity, has not become an attractive place for the city’s residents, and therefore, cannot be considered a successfully created official ‘face’ of the city.

Leading Individual Identity to Universal Identity: A Discussion on the Problem of Identity in Rilkes Orpheus, Eurydice, Hermes and the Meaning of Hermes

Western literature has long been infatuated with the myth of Orpheus. Many poets and writers have rewritten the myth of Orpheus. Among these rewritings of the Orphic story, Rilkes Orpheus, Eurydice, Hermes is unique for its introduction of Hermes. Hermes was the messenger of the gods and the guide of the dead. Hermes is not involved when most people retell the story, and the meaning of Hermes introduction is a problem worthy of discussing. Orpheus has a dual identity. He is both a poet and an artist. His two identities correspond to Eurydices two identities. The discussion of the identity of Orpheus and Eurydice may provide a new perspective for the study of the significance of the introduction of Hermes. In Rilkes poems, Eurydice has lost her identity corresponding to Orpheus and entered a self-sufficient situation after she was killed by the snake bite. Her individual identity vanished and was replaced by a universal identity. Hermes acted as a bridge between Orpheus, who maintained his individual identity, and Eurydice, who had a universal identity after her first death. This paper will discuss the dual identities of Orpheus and Eurydice and the changes in Eurydices identity after her death. Then this paper will talk about the introduction of Hermes and the meaning of Hermes introduction from the perspective of identity problems. Through these discussions, there may be a new understanding of this complex poem.

The Problem of Identity in Critical Studies of Postcolonial Literature

The article discusses Russian scholars’ approaches to studying the fluid nature of national identity in postcolonial writing. The key factor uniting the vast research area of postcolonial literature is the writers’ intention to project the process of identity transformation, consolidate and review identity shifts caused by interaction of cultures. The analysis of the data suggests that researchers share a common objective of identifying the influence of a single historical and cultural background of colonization and interaction of two cultures within a united cultural space on the writers’ self-identity and writing. Researchers focus on the literary interpretations of the concept of national identity, extent of involvement of a particular ethnic group in the process of colonization, dual nature of hybrid cultural space and linguistic presentation of identity in postcolonial culture. The authors of the article draw a conclusion that the problem of self-identity is a relevant and promising issue in Russian literary research.

The Perception of Anti-Semitic Hatred in the Italian Media and Justice System

The so-called neo-anti-Semitism, perceived differently by Italian journalists and lawyers, highlights the problem of identity in a multicultural society at the local level, of understanding the Other and (its) history, of the relationship between the public sphere and the networked society: the Jews, due to their unique history of diaspora, have always brought out the dialectic between the particular and the universal in the eyes of the world. This condition further “stretched” hatred in societies, especially anti-Semitic sentiment combined with conspiracy. Therefore, it is necessary for public institutions to understand and investigate contemporary forms of hate. This article will present part of the results of research that investigated the level of perception of journalists and jurists on the phenomenon of anti-Semitism.

Representations of the Other in Mohsin Hamid's The Reluctant Fundamentalist.

The Reluctant Fundamentalist offers a more recent and contemporary portrayal of 9/11 fiction. This thesis uses postcolonial theory to analyze Mohsin Hamid’s novel, published in 2007. The novel chronicles the protagonist Changez’s life before, during, and after the 9/11 and how his view of America’s capitalism and imperialism-centered society and his identity shifts in the wake of the attacks. It is allegories to display identity and has frequently been used in post-colonial discourse to mean simply cross-cultural 'exchange' to the Pakistani immigrant named Changez Khan in the novel. The novel stands out because it is told from the point of view of a Pakistani immigrant to an American looking for a job to fulfill his dream. The postcolonial tropes allow for an acute interrogation of the historicizing of 9/11 and what role fiction has in creating and re-imagining
 history. The novel allows us to see how postcolonial tropes have evolved and
 remained after September 11 attacks. Also, the features of trauma fiction are briefly introduced to determine those featured in Hamid’s text, which exposes identity problems and searches for the answers to existential queries. Such issues as the deterioration of the American dream, the fight against American imperialism and the relationship between East and West, prejudices that rule the American society, and inward transformation are the main ones that feature in this study.
 Key words: Identity diaspora, Mohsin Hamid, War on Terror, Islamphobia.

UNITY AND DIVERSITY IN EUROPEAN CULTURE

The author studies the role played by the national culture in the present day European cultural context. The European institutions have to solve, among other problems, the problem of European identity versus national identity. The findings show that the cultural dimension in the European Union is taken into consideration both by the Council of Europe and the European Commission and that different measures were taken to respect and to promote the diversity of European cultures, to bring the people of Europe together and to increase the sense of a European identity. The author analyses the cultural diversity in Banat, Romania, an example of the assimilation of the cultural values keeping at the same time its specific value and identity.

The Oxford Handbook of Elizabeth Anscombe edited by Roger Teichmann, (Oxford; Oxford University Press, 2022); pp. 520, £ 97.00, hbk

The Oxford Handbook of Elizabeth Anscombe edited by Roger Teichmann, (Oxford; Oxford University Press, 2022); pp. 520, £ 97.00, hbk