Orientation Identity Research Articles

Teaching Motivation of In‐Service Teachers, Professional Identity, and Self‐Efficacy for Teaching Computational Thinking

ABSTRACTThis study aims to examine the structures that affect the teaching motivation of in‐service teachers. In this context, self‐efficacy in teaching computational thinking and professional identity have been focused on. To that end, the relational screening model has been used. A demographic information form and three different scales were used to collect the data. The Teacher Professional Identity Scale has been adapted to Turkish culture for teachers in the context of this study. The Structural Equation Model was used in the analysis of the data. As a result of the research, teachers with a solid commitment to subject knowledge and academic standards are more likely to prioritise specific teaching orientations. However, no significant relationships were found between Instructor Identity Orientation (IIO) and T‐STEM Computational Thinking Self‐efficacy (SE), T‐STEM Computational Thinking Outcome Expectation (OE), Intrinsic Motivation (IM) and Extrinsic Motivation (EM). SE, in teaching computational thinking, displayed positive associations with Teacher‐centered Orientation (TCO), OE, and IM. This implies that teachers who feel confident in their ability to teach computational thinking tend to adopt a more teacher‐centered approach, have positive outcome expectations, and experience intrinsic motivation. Teaching motivation was positively associated with teachers' self‐efficacy and outcome expectancy beliefs for teaching computational thinking. The fact that teachers have the necessary equipment for their professional identities, examining the variables related to this competence, and developing suggestions is an essential reason for the importance of the current research and shedding light on future studies.

The Effect of Professional Identity on Customer Orientation among Chinese Estheticians: A Moderated Mediation Model

This study investigated the relationship between Professional Identity, Subjective Career Success, and Customer Orientation among estheticians in first-tier Chinese cities. Using Hayes' PROCESS macro, the study examined the mediating effect of Subjective Career Success and the moderating effect of Pay Satisfaction on the relationship between Professional Identity and Customer Orientation. Results showed that Subjective Career Success partially mediated the relationship between Professional Identity and Customer Orientation. Furthermore, the indirect effect of Professional Identity on Customer Orientation through Subjective Career Success was significantly stronger at higher levels of Pay Satisfaction. These findings highlight the crucial role of Professional Identity, Subjective Career Success, and Pay Satisfaction in shaping customer-oriented behavior among estheticians in the Chinese beauty industry.

Here, There, and Elsewhere: Ethnicity, Identity, and Global Orientation at an Indian International School in Singapore

International schools are somewhat ‘place-less’ in that their denationalised educational systems and nationally diverse student bodies are typically removed from the physical context in which each school is located. However, this placeless internationalism is complicated by international schools that also affiliate themselves with a national system or enrol a significant number of students who aspire to remain in the ‘host’ country. This paper develops the example of the Global Indian International School in Singapore to illustrate how the feeling of place is impacted by its dual orientations as both ‘Global’ and ‘Indian’. The school attempts to (re)create an Indian schooling environment in Singapore, cultivate a sense of Indian identity, and prepare students for internationally mobile futures. Drawing on qualitative interviews conducted with students and teachers at the Global Indian International School in Singapore, we explore placemaking practices in educational spaces and consider how they are impacted by the potentially conflicting goals of grounding students in their ethnic or cultural identities whilst simultaneously equipping them for internationally-oriented futures.

Hubungan antara Pendidikan, Agama, dan Ideologi dalam Perspektif Filsafat: Systematic Literature Review

This paper aims to examine the complex relationship between education, religion and ideology through the lens of philosophy. These three concepts of education, religion and ideology have influenced and shaped each other throughout the history of human civilisation. Education is a means of shaping individuals and society, while religion and ideology provide a foundation of values and moral guidance that influence the educational process. From a philosophical perspective, the relationship between education, religion and ideology can be analysed through several questions, including the purpose, meaning and values underlying the education system. These three concepts can be analysed through philosophy, as philosophy is a systematic attempt to understand reality and plays an important role. We can identify various perspectives on how education shapes the character of individuals and society, how religion influences worldview and human behaviour, and how ideology shapes collective identity and political orientation through various schools of philosophy, such as philosophy of education, philosophy of religion, and political philosophy, This research method uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) study. The references for this writing come from journals, papers, and articles from 2022 to 2024. The journals, papers and articles reviewed were 15 and came from Google Schoolar. The results of this study are: (1) The relationship between education and Islamic philosophy, (2) The development of philosophy of science in the world of education in Indonesia, (3) The Merdeka curriculum in philosophical review, (4) The relationship between philosophy and religion, law and technology, (5) The relationship between philosophy and the ideology of Pancasila.

PRÁTICAS DISCURSIVAS ANTIGÊNERO NO INSTAGRAM: UMA ANÁLISE DE COMENTÁRIOS EM POSTAGEM DO SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL

In the field of law, LGBTI+ people have experienced several processes of exclusion and stigmatization due to gender identity and sexual orientation, needing to fight numerous disputes within the judiciary to have their rights recognized. At this point, there has been an important role of the Federal Supreme Court (STF) during the last few years. The objective of this essay was to carry out a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) based on the social manifestations broadcast on Instagram, see comments related to the publication in celebration of International LGBTQIAPN+ Pride Day made by the Court's official institutional profile in June 2023. It was intended, for this purpose, to have gender studies as a basis not only in the field of elaborations of women's existences, but in the conformation of a system that associates roles, performativities, sexualities and power, that is, an analytical leap to visualize the interferences of gender construction in all the bodies that inhabit this society. The analysis was operationalized by the categories of analysis of representational meaning, based on the linguistic categories of interdiscursivity and the modes of operation of ideology. As a result, we observed that anti-gender discourse is, above all, cisheteronormative and lgbtphobic, positioning people who are part of the LGBTI+ community in invisibility, abjection and exclusion.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Brachytarsina amboinensis (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea: Streblidae) provides new insights into phylogenetic relationships of Hippoboscoidea.

The family Streblidae is a significant grouping of dipteran insects within the superfamily Hippoboscoidea, which parasitizes the body surface of bats. With the global spread of bat-related pathogens in recent years, Streblidae has gained increasing attention due to its potential for pathogen transmission. A sample of Brachytarsina amboinensis was sequenced on the B. amboinensis were obtained, compared with available Streblidae mitogenomes, and the phylogeny of Hippoboscoidea was reconstructed. The results indicate that the mitochondrial genome of B. amboinensis exhibits a relatively high degree of conservation, with an identical gene count, arrangement, and orientation as the ancestral insect's genome. Base composition analysis revealed a strong bias towards A and T in the base composition. Selection pressure analysis indicated strong purifying selection acting on cox1. Pairwise genetic distance analysis showed that cox1 evolved at a relatively slow rate. Regarding phylogenetic relationships, the constructed phylogenetic trees using Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood methods supported the monophyly of the Hippoboscoidea, Glossinidae, Hippoboscidae, and Nycteribiidae clades, with high nodal support values. Our research confirmed the paraphyly of the families Streblidae. In the familial relations between Nycteribiidae and Streblidae, New World Streblidae share a closer kinship with Nycteribiidae. This contrasts with prior findings which indicated that Old World Streblidae share a closer kinship with Nycteribiidae. This study not only enhances the molecular database for bat flies but also provides a valuable reference for the identification and phylogenetic analysis of Streblidae.

LGBT Myanmar Migrants in Thailand: Unveiling Diverse Forms of Abuse, Healthy and Unhealthy Coping Strategies

ABSTRACT This study investigates the challenges faced by LGBT Myanmar migrants in Thailand, including discrimination and abuse due to their gender identity or sexual orientation, and their coping strategies. Through qualitative interviews with 20 self-identified LGBT Myanmar migrants aged over 18 years who experienced discrimination or abuse in Thailand, the findings underscore the presence of a segment within the Myanmar LGBT migrant community in Thailand subject to discrimination and violence across diverse settings, including workplaces, public areas, and even within their homes. Additionally, the research identified healthy coping strategies like self-soothing thoughts, relaxation activities, and seeking support, contrasted with unhealthy coping strategies such as negative self-talk, rumination, and suppressing one’s identity, leading to harmful behaviors and even suicidality. The experiences of severe discrimination and violence among LGBT migrants help this study advocate for policy interventions, such as extending the coverage of the Gender Equality Act to encompass LGBT migrants and implementing mental health support services as a form of secondary prevention. Given the significant contribution of LGBT migrants to various sectors of Thailand’s workforce, these measures are essential. However, the existing legislation concerning gender equality in Thailand inadequately addresses the specific concerns of this demographic group.

Islamic Theological Reflections on Humanitarian Principles Towards Queer: Perspective of Qur’anic Interpretation

This research examines the principles of queer humanity in religious teachings written in the Qur'an. This research uses a qualitative literature study method, while the Qur'anic text reading uses Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd's contextual reading method. This study found several findings: First, humans are bound in a primordial covenant with God, and human life's orientation is to recognize God's Oneness. Second, humans are born in a state of fitrah (pure). Third, humans are ethical and moral beings. Fourth, every human person is valuable. Because the principle of humanity is written in the Qur'an, it is appropriate for humanity to have a religious, ethical attitude toward queer people by promoting the principles of justice, tolerance, and equality between human beings. This religious, ethical attitude is a guideline for human life regardless of differences in gender identity and sexual orientation. The principles of humanity in the teachings of Islam written in the Qur'an and hadith place humans, both men, women, and queers, as equal beings before God.

Characterization of Knowledge, Attitudes, Comfort, and Perception of Discrimination Regarding Sexual and/or Gender Minoritized People: Comparison Between Two Cohorts of Medical Students - 2018–2023

Objectives Despite progress made in the medical field to address the health concerns of sexual and gender minoritized identities, LGBTQIA+ individuals continue to experience discrimination in healthcare. This study aims to evaluate the effects of incorporating a seminar on gender identity and sexual orientation into the medical curriculum of a Portuguese Medical School, after 5 years. The study’s main objective was to compare the changes in students’ knowledge, attitudes, comfort, and perception of discrimination against LGBTQIA+, pre and post-intervention. Methods A total of 313 students in their third, fourth, fifth, and sixth year at a Portuguese Medical School were assessed in 2018 (pre-intervention) and 2023 (post-intervention). The data collected were analyzed regarding age, gender identity, sexual orientation, number of friends or family members who identify themselves as LGBTQIA+, and level of religiosity. Results The overall knowledge regarding LGBTQIA+ people specific health aspects improved from the 2018 cohort to the 2023 cohort, with significant differences in questions regarding gender identity (OR = 2.0, p = .007), sexual orientation (OR = 2.9, p <.001), and mental health (OR = 3.2, p <.001). The perceived discrimination against homosexual patients was similar in both cohorts, with approximately 60% of respondents from both groups agreeing that homosexual patients were discriminated against in healthcare. Conclusion Although the perception of discrimination against LGBTQIA+ people in healthcare remained high across the two cohorts, positive changes were observed regarding students’ overall knowledge of LGBTQIA+ individuals’ health, clinical preparation and comfort in treating LGBTQIA+ people, and attitudes toward lesbian women and gay men. These results reinforce the need to develop training and information strategies targeting medical students, promoting greater knowledge and, above all, increasing contact and clinical practice with LGBTQIA+ people, since relationships and personal contact are the most differentiating aspects for nondiscrimination.

Investigating Eating Symptoms in the LGBTQIA+ Population: Do Discrimination and Adverse Conditions Matter?

Eating disorders (EDs) have traditionally been studied among heterosexual cisgender women, but recent research highlights a higher prevalence in LGBTQIA+ individuals. This study aims (1) to investigate the association between different groups based on gender identity and sexual orientation (GISO) and experiencing eating symptoms, and (2) to explore the extent to which self-perceived discrimination and adverse conditions explain this association. We administered an online survey to assess eating symptoms using the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q 6.0) and measures of self-perceived discrimination and adverse conditions. Multistep logistic regressions were employed to analyze the associations between GISO and eating symptoms, initially unadjusted, then adjusted for sociodemographic variables, and finally adjusted for self-perceived discrimination and/or adverse conditions. A total of 560 adults aged 30 ± 10.9 years old were included. After adjusting for socio-demographics all groups were more likely to experience eating symptoms compared to heterosexual men, with odds ratios (ORs) of 5.7 [95% CI: 1.3, 24.3] for cisgender heterosexual women, 6.7 [95% CI: 1.5, 29.8] for cisgender non-heterosexual women, and 9.3 [95% CI: 1.8, 47.5] for non-cisgender individuals. After adjusting for self-perceived discrimination and adverse conditions, the associations for women were attenuated, while the associations for non-cisgender individuals were no longer significant. This study (1) confirms that sexual and gender minorities may be at higher risk for EDs, and (2) suggests that discrimination and adverse conditions may contribute to the higher prevalence of eating symptoms in this population. Additional research is needed to investigate these minority stressors as they may represent targets for effective interventions to prevent eating symptoms in the LGBTQIA+ community.

LGBTQIA+ Identity-Related Concerns of Sexual Assault Survivors Who Access an Anonymous Online Hotline.

LGBTQIA+ individuals experience higher rates of sexual violence victimization than their heterosexual, cisgender counterparts. Emerging research suggests unique barriers to disclosure and help-seeking in the aftermath of sexual assault, but relatively little work has examined LGBTQIA+ identity-related concerns discussed in a help-seeking context. This study examined anonymous, archival data, from a sample of 292 visitors to the National Sexual Assault Online Hotline. Analyses were limited to visitors who identified as the victim of a sexual violence event, disclosed they identified as LGTBQIA+, and discussed concerns related to their gender identity and/or sexual orientation. Open-ended responses from hotline staff revealed four overarching themes: (1) Identity-related blame and discrimination, (2) barriers to disclosure and/or help-seeking, (3) discussion of identity and/or behavior, and (4) When perpetrators are LGBTQIA+. Practitioners should be aware of the unique barriers LGBTQIA+ survivors face in disclosure and help-seeking and how their experiences may differ from heterosexual, cisgender survivors. Findings underscore the need for more affirming and accessible care for LGBTQIA+ survivors.

Balancing act: how family identity orientation impacts careers of NCAA women coaches

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the career experiences of the NCAA women coaches integrating the Kaleidoscope careers model with Family Identity theory.Design/methodology/approachWe employ qualitative methodology with the use of semi-structured interviews with 18 NCAA women coaches. Using interpretive lens, we offer nuanced descriptions of women career experiences from care and career orientation perspectives.FindingsOur findings shed light on experience, perceptions and strategies employed by female NCAA coaches while trying to fulfill work and life responsibilities. Care- or Career- orientation impacts the way women coaches deal with different aspects of maintaining careers in sports coaching.Originality/valueWe refine the KCM framework by showing that authenticity, balance and challenge can manifest in different ways, which is particularly important as organizations often struggle with retention of women coaches.

Investigation of the micellization of cationic tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide in aqueous solution of crystal violet dye: Understanding of the impacts of alcohols and temperature

Exploring dye-surfactant interactions is crucial for understanding the properties of their mixtures in various applications. It is of utmost importance to explore the effects of experimental factors on the dye-surfactant interactions. This study examines the micellization of the cationic surfactant tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) in the presence of crystal violet (CV) dye in different alcohol solutions including methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), 1-propanol (1-PrOH), and 1-butanol (1-BuOH). Through conductometric analysis, the effects of varying alcohol compositions and temperature on the critical micelle concentration (CMC), degree of ionization (α), counterion binding (β), and thermodynamic parameters (∆Gm0, ∆Hm0, and ∆Sm0) were investigated. The findings show that alcohol causes an increase in CMC, with longer-chain alcohols (1-PrOH and 1-BuOH) having a stronger effect on TTAB + CV aggregation. The CMC values of the investigated system in 5 % alcohol solutions were found to follow this order: CMC (aq. 1-BuOH) > CMC (aq. MeOH) > CMC (aq. EtOH) > CMC (aq. 1-PrOH). As temperature rises at a constant alcohol concentration, CMC initially decreases but then increases due to dehydration of the surfactant’s hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. Thermodynamic analysis reveals that micellization is mainly entropy-driven at lower temperatures, with dominant hydrophobic interactions. As temperature increases, both enthalpy and entropy play significant roles, on the micellization to be occurred through hydrophobic and ion-induced dipole interactions. The molar heat capacity (∆Cm0) assessment indicates the identical orientation of the alcohol chain within the TTAB micellar core. The study also highlights the enthalpy-entropy compensation effect, revealing a strong correlation. By exploring these relationships between alcohol chain length and temperature with thermodynamic and physicochemical properties of surfactant systems, this research offers valuable insights for developing surfactant-based applications in academic and industrial fields.

Disability, Gender Identity, and Sexual Orientation: An Intersectional Analysis Assessing Perceived Threat of Hate Crimes

The current study examines the intersections between disability, gender identity, and sexual orientation in relation to the perceived threat of hate crimes against these identities. Results based on a purposive sample of 1824 adults recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk show that persons with a disability perceive greater threat of hate crimes. When considering disability with gender identity and sexual orientation, perceived threat is exacerbated when persons with a disability also identify as gender and sexual minorities. Findings suggest that the perceived threat of hate crimes can be compounded when persons with a disability also belong to other marginalized groups.

Religiosity, perceived family support, and gender disclosure of LGBTQ + medical students in Thailand

BackgroundThe well-being of LGBTQ + medical students can be influenced by religiosity, family support, and the disclosure of their gender identity or sexual orientation. These factors have frequently been overlooked and warrant further consideration in creating a supportive environment for all students.MethodsThis multicenter study investigated two main outcomes including the differences in religiosity and perceived family support between LGBTQ + and non-LGBTQ + medical students in Thailand, and the gender disclosure to family among LGBTQ + medical students. It was conducted among students from five medical schools across Thailand, using online questionnaires during the academic year 2021–2022. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, religiosity, gender identity/sexual orientation disclosure to family, and perceived family support. Comparisons between groups were conducted using chi-square test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test.ResultsOf the 1,322 participants, 31.2% identified themselves as LGBTQ+, among whom 81.8% were Buddhists. The proportion of non-religious LGBTQ + students was significantly higher (vs. non-LGBTQ+; 15.0% vs. 8.4%, respectively; p = 0.001). However, there was no statistical difference in religiosity between LGBTQ + and non-LGBTQ + students as well as between LGBTQ + subgroups. Although, 74% of LGBTQ + students reported good family support, significantly more LGBTQ + students perceived poor family support (vs. non-LGBTQ+, 7.0% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.002). Regarding the disclosure of gender identity or sexual orientation to the family, the majority of LGBTQ + individuals indicated either a non-disclosure or uncertainty. There were significant associations between perceived family support and the likelihood of disclosing one’s identity to family members, as better perceived support was associated with higher disclosure rates.ConclusionsNo statistically significant difference in religiosity was found between LGBTQ + and non-LGBTQ + students. The majority of LGBTQ + medical students reported receiving good family support; however, among those who perceived their family’s support to be lacking, there was a greater tendency to conceal their gender identity from their families. For future studies, it is crucial to investigate whether this concealment extends to other spheres of their lives and to assess the potential impact on their well-being, including mental health and quality of life.

Androgyny and atypical sensory sensitivity associated with savant ability: a comparison between Klinefelter syndrome and sexual minorities assigned male at birth.

The extreme male brain (EMB) theory, a major causal hypothesis of autism (ASD: autism spectrum disorder), attributes excess androgens during early development as one of the causes. While studies have generally followed the EMB theory in females at birth, the co-occurrence of ASD in males at birth has been observed in conditions that are assumed to be associated with reduced androgen action during early development, including Klinefelter syndrome (KS) and sexual minorities. ASD is also associated with atypical sensory sensitivity, synesthesia, and savant syndrome. In the present study, we examined adult KS individuals (n = 22), sexual minorities assigned male at birth (n = 66), and control males matched for age and educational background to those with KS [Exploratory analysis (control 1st): n = 36; Reanalysis (control 2nd): n = 583]. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire assessing sensory hypersensitivity/hyposensitivity, savant tendency (developed for the present study), synesthesia, and sexual aspects, including gender identity and sexual orientation. The results of the exploratory analysis suggested that individuals with KS exhibited a higher tendency toward sensory hypersensitivity/hyposensitivity than the tendency exhibited by the controls. In the Reanalysis, sexual minorities were more likely to be synesthetes, and in both analyses sexual minorities exhibited a higher savant tendency and sensory hypersensitivity/hyposensitivity than the controls. Moreover, the gender dysphoric state was associated with phenotypes observed in individuals with ASD, such as synesthesia, savant tendency, and sensory hypersensitivity/hyposensitivity. These results suggest a common physiological background among gender dysphoria, synesthesia, savant tendency, and atypical sensory sensitivity. Thus, androgynous features (reduced effects of sex steroids during early development) in males at birth may be partially related to the phenotype commonly observed in individuals with ASD. Based on the present results, we propose that the reduction of sex steroids during early development may lead to atypical neurodevelopment and be involved in the atypicality of external and internal sensory perception, and thus in the atypicality of self-concept integration, through the disruption of oxytocin and the gamma-aminobutyric acid system modulating the neural excitation/inhibition balance.

Variations in Sexual Identity Milestones Among Asexual People.

There is increasing interest in the interpersonal factors that shape the development of asexual individual's sexual identity, including age, gender, and romantic orientation. In this study, we examined variability in timing and pacing of asexual identity development milestones, with a focus on the diversity present in the asexual population. Among a sample of 317 participants aged 18-59 from three distinct birth cohorts, we measured participants' ages of asexual identity development milestones, including: first awareness of a lack of sexual attraction, first searching for orientation, first discovery of the term asexuality, first self-identification, and first disclosure. Participants from more recent cohorts reported earlier and accelerated pacing of milestones relative to those from middle and older cohorts. Subgroups defined by gender also varied in milestone timing, with cisgender participants experiencing asexual identity development milestones at a later age than gender non-binary cohorts. No significant difference in milestones were found among romantic orientation sub-groups, apart from the timing of identity disclosure. Romantic-identified asexual individuals disclosed their asexual identities much sooner than aromantic-identified asexual individuals following identification as asexual. By comparing differences within subpopulations, the results of this study extend upon our understanding of the various sub-identities that exist within the asexual population and attend to different experiences within the asexual community. This in turn contributes towards our understanding of how asexual people experience interpersonal relationships, their interactions with others, and how they develop a positive sense of identity.

Pre‐Service Teachers’ Technology Integration in Pronunciation Instruction: Professional Identity and Value Beliefs

ABSTRACTTechnology brings new promises to transform second language teaching and learning. Successful technology integration depends on various factors, such as teachers’ professional identity and value beliefs. While scholars have investigated the influential factors for technology integration in language teaching holistically, studies focusing on specific language skills remain limited. With domain‐specific theories and technology applications, pronunciation instruction merits particular attention. In this study, the authors investigated how pre‐service teachers’ professional identity and value beliefs shaped their intended use of technology for pronunciation instruction. Five hundred ninety‐seven pre‐service English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers from China participated in this study. Structural equation modeling analysis identified educator identity orientation, learner‐centered orientation, didactic‐pedagogical orientation, and utility value beliefs of technology as significant predictors of technology integration for pronunciation instruction. In addition, results showed that utility value beliefs mediated the associations between professional identity and participants’ intended use of technology. These findings highlight the crucial role of professional identity and value beliefs in pre‐service teachers’ intended use of technology for language instruction. Findings suggest that teacher educators and teacher training programs may prepare innovative educators by fostering broad identity constructs and enhancing pre‐service teachers’ utility value beliefs of technology.

‘I am fine, but my group is not': exploring the meanings of the personal/group discrimination discrepancy among minority and majority populations

ABSTRACT Prior literature has highlighted that individuals are more likely to report discrimination against their group rather than towards themselves, a phenomenon known as the personal-group discrimination discrepancy (PGD). Drawing on a recent, large-sample representative survey from France, Trajectories and Origins 2 (TeO2), we offer a novel empirical approach for measuring the discrepancy and investigate three channels through which it operates: identity affirmation, awareness of discrimination, and spatial proximity to discrimination. We show that the discrepancy – reporting group discrimination but no personal experience of discrimination – and its determinants vary substantially across minority and majority populations. Among ethnoracial minorities, awareness of discrimination through higher education, as well as spatial proximity to racially-motivated crimes, increases the likelihood of exclusively reporting group discrimination. Among the majority, the discrepancy is more prominent among those with a salient ethnoracial identity and far-right political orientation, but less so among the higher educated, pointing to politics of racial grievance among disadvantaged majority members. The conclusion highlights the theoretical and methodological implications of different discrimination measurements as well as their potential consequences for individual outcomes.

Exploring Perspectives on HIV Vulnerability Communication among Transgender and Gender Diverse Patients and Primary Care Providers.

Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals represent a population with a heavy burden of HIV. Multi-level stigma encountered by TGD individuals can create significant barriers to discussing topics related to HIV prevention; however, research on communication between TGD patients and primary care providers (PCPs) about HIV vulnerability and prevention remains limited. This study used in-depth qualitative interviews with 25 TGD patients and 15 PCPs conducted in 2022 to explore perspectives on HIV vulnerability communication during primary care encounters. Overall, 14 of the TGD patients were nonbinary, genderqueer, or another gender identity; all but two participants identified as a sexual minority. The majority of PCPs (n = 11) were physicians. The range of years practicing medicine was between two and 39years. Thematic analysis was used to organize codes and establish themes. Three broad themes regarding factors that facilitate communication regarding HIV vulnerability were identified: (1) focusing on behaviors over identities, (2) conveying impartiality, and (3) acknowledging individuality among TGD patients. Findings corroborate earlier research that identified strengths in providers refraining from behavior-based assumptions tied to a patient's gender identity and sexual orientation and conveying impartial and nonjudgmental attitudes when discussing behaviors that can increase HIV vulnerability. Additionally, these findings underscore the significance of recognizing that, within the TGD community, all persons have unique circumstances, preferences, and needs. Future work should continue to explore the dynamics of HIV vulnerability and prevention discussions, especially among TGD individuals from diverse backgrounds and regions, to identify strategies for strengthening patient-provider communication and reducing vulnerability to HIV.