Identity Disorder Research Articles

Psychotic-like anomalous self-experiences in feeding and eating disorders: Their role in eating psychopathology through the mediation of body uneasiness and embodiment and identity disorders.

Psychotic-like anomalous self-experiences (ASEs) are core and early features of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, which have been recently also postulated to underlie embodiment disturbance in feeding and eating disorders (FEDs). The present study was aimed at investigating the interplay between ASEs and specific psychopathology in FED. Ninety persons with Anorexia Nervosa and 41 with Bulimia Nervosa were evaluated with the inventory of psychotic-like anomalous self-experiences (IPASE), identity and eating disorders (IDEA), body uneasiness test (BUT), and eating disorder examination questionnaire (EDE-Q). The same assessment was performed for 92 subjects recruited from the general population. Structural equation modelling was employed to test the role of embodiment/identity disorders in mediating the relationship between ASEs and ED psychopathology. Patients with FED displayed high scores on IPASE, comparable with people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. A significant correlation was also demonstrated between IPASE, BUT and EDE-Q. All IPASE domains were strongly related to feeling extraneous from one's own body by IDEA. All IPASE domains demonstrated a high relationship with BUT Depersonalization scale. A strong correlation was also reported between total scores of IPASE and IDEA. The mediation model confirmed that ASEs impact on FED symptomatology through the mediation of both embodiment/identity disorders and body image. Anomalous interoceptive processes may represent the first step of a maladaptive process-impairing embodiment, selfhood, and identity in FED. Assessment of ASEs might be a valid tool to identify an early-shared vulnerability of severe disorders characterized by embodiment alterations.

Sexuality in patients treated for borderline personality disorder at the Arrazi psychiatric hospital in Salé

IntroductionBorderline personality disorder is a severe mental disorder characterized by generalized instability of emotional regulation of interpersonal relationships and self-image, and marked impulsivity. Several features of this disorder are likely to be associated with problematic sexual health, such as impulsivity (impulsive sexual behavior), identity disorders (unstable sexual identity) and unstable and intense interpersonal relationships. In addition, childhood sexual abuse and violence are common in people’s histories.ObjectivesAssessing sexuality in patients followed for borderline personality disorder at Arrazi Salé psychiatric hospital.MethodsThis is a descriptive cross-sectional study using a questionnaire including socio-demographic criteria with a questionnaire on sexual behavior in female patients followed for borderline personality disorder at the Arrazi Salé psychiatric hospital. Inclusion criteria: women over 18 years of age diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. Exclusion criteria: psychosis, intellectual disability.ResultsWe collected 45 patients with borderline personality disorder. The average age was 22, 80% were single, 58% unemployed, 46% had dropped out of high school. The majority of participants were using psychoactive substances. 25% had attempted suicide. 83% were victims of childhood sexual abuse. The majority were significantly more likely to engage in sexual activity at a younger age than their peers. Over 60% had never used contraception 10% had their first pregnancy at a younger age, with termination. 15% have had genital infections. 53% were attracted to both sexes, and over 66% had more than one sexual partner. Over 73% did not experience sexual satisfaction (sexual satisfaction scale less than 10).ConclusionsThe results indicate that sexuality in patients with borderline personality disorder is present early in the course of the disorder, often at a young age, with significant physical, mental and social consequences. Primary care mental health, sexual health and sexual assault services need to be attentive to the clinical diagnosis of this personality disorder, as the nature of the disorder represents both a risk factor and a health threat.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Le vécu subjectif de l’expatrié : revue systématique de littérature

ContextExpatriation is a form of migration and temporary exile, characterized by a voluntary departure abroad and frequent back and forth with the country of origin. Globalization and international mobility over the past 50 years have resulted in an increase in the number of expatriates worldwide. Even when choosing to move abroad, some expatriates encounter difficulties that lead to illness and recourse to psychotherapy. This article offers a synthesis of the results of a review of the literature on the subjective experiences of expatriates. ObjectivesOur review of the literature aims to better understand the experience of expatriation, and the crises some expatriates go through during their stay abroad. Clinical practice treating expatriates is a complex situation, occurring in a specific context. However, expatriation has only recently become the subject of clinical psychological research. Economics and the sciences of sociology, demography, and work psychology, appear to have been the first to study this phenomenon. The objective was then to understand why some expatriates ended their expatriation prematurely. In the clinical psychology field, the paradigms of cultural adaptation and acculturation have been widely invoked as reasons for determining expatriate suitability and for establishing recommendations of preparation programs. If we recognize the adaptive dimension, we move away from these concepts to promote the subjective experience of the expatriate. To date, we have only found one publication on expatriation which specifically examines the consequences of expatriation for the family. It highlights a need for research that takes into account the variability of expatriation contexts and individual pathways. We therefore conducted a literature review on the subjective experience of the expatriate. MethodA broad search on EBSCO and Google Scholar was conducted in English and French, successively using the key words EXPATRITION, EXPATRIATE, EXPATRIE. This first search phase led us to limit the scope of our research to the subjective experience of the expatriate. In order to gather existing data, we used the PRISMA method. Of the 423 publications extracted from different search engines, we selected and analyzed 25 papers published between 1992 and 2022. ResultsExpatriation appears to be a complex subjective experience, which can reveal a state of crisis in its dimension of upheaval, but also with the potential of creating new order. The literature highlights the articulation of latent reasons for departure and the accompanying crises that some expatriates may experience because of a wish to escape from an original environment, the desire to break with the family, and a search for oneself. Separation from the original environment and exposure to a foreign environment can cause archaic anxieties to resurface and summon the ability to be alone. The narcissistic and identity crisis generated is manifested by schizophrenic phenomena (rejection of the foreigner or the country of origin), relational disorders, and depressive disorders. At the same time, the experience can open up a transitional space conducive to the emergence of the Self, to the re-appropriation of poorly introjected objects, and open up an evolution of the bonds of filiation and affiliation. ConclusionIf the stay abroad can lead to narcissistic and identity disorders, it appears in the literature as a rite of passage allowing for maturation phenomena. As part of this doctoral research, we further explore the nature of the crisis, and how psychotherapy can provide support during the transformation process involved.

Investigating the Effective Factors in the Formation of Deliberate Self-harm in Adolescence: Mental Health Professionals’ Viewpoints

Objective: This study aims to investigate the issues related to the formation and persistence of deliberate self-harm behavior in adolescents from Iranian mental health professionals’ viewpoints. Methods: The present qualitative study used semi-structured interviews to record the experiences of 9 mental health professionals with work experience in deliberate self-harm behavior in adolescence. The participants were selected via the purposive sampling method. The Sterling content analysis method was used to analyze the transcription of the interviews. Results: The semantic units of the interview were classified into 32 initial codes. The extracted sub-themes were as follows: A rejection of new identities, repression, the disintegration of social identity, materialism, economic poverty, unresolved parental conflicts, the lack of authority, the ambivalency between boundaries and freedom, shame, and guilt, blame, fear of harm, liberation, self-care, escape mechanism, and replacement, affect regulation, coping with self-disintegration and self-esteem, relationship conflicts with adults and peers, identity creation, identity disorder, boundless mental structure, lack of self-confidence, and distorted self-perception. The following four themes were categorized as subcategories of transformational injuries: Traumatic society, vulnerable family, interpersonal impact, and interpersonal effectiveness. Conclusion: Mental health specialists considered deliberate self-harm traumatic; however, they deem it for eliminating negative emotions and controlling the internal and external world of adolescents. Furthermore, they consider this behavior a reaction to cultural conflicts, cultural materialism, and the disintegration of identity and role during adolescence in families not being capable to facilitate low-risk transformation for adolescents because of economic and psychological factors.

The relationship between role identity and mental health among paramedics

Role identity theory describes the beneficial effects on health as a result of the purpose and meaning from occupying social roles. Amid high rates of mental illness among paramedics, we surveyed 589 (97%) paramedics from a single site in Ontario, Canada and evaluated for relationships between four dimensions of a previously validated paramedic role identity scale and symptoms of various mental disorders. Although we did not observe a relationship between role identity and mental disorder symptoms, we note with interest various differences in paramedic role identity across demographic categories that challenge previous characterizations of the profession and warrant further investigation.

Neural Circuits, Microtubule Processing, Brain's Electromagnetic Field-Components of Self-Awareness.

The known theories discussing the essence of consciousness have been recently updated. This prompts an attempt to integrate these explanations concerning several distinct components of the consciousness phenomenon such as the ego, and qualia perceptions. Therefore, it is useful to consider the latest publications on the ‘Orch OR’ and ‘cemi’ theories, which assume that quantum processing occurs in microtubules and that the brain’s endogenous electromagnetic field is important. The authors combine these explanations with their own theory describing the neural circuits realizing imagery. They try to present such an interdisciplinary, integrated theoretical model in a manner intuitively understandable to people with a typical medical education. In order to do this, they even refer to intuitively understandable metaphors. The authors maintain that an effective comprehension of consciousness is important for health care professionals because its disorders are frequent medical symptoms in emergencies, during general anesthesia and in the course of cognitive disorders in elderly people. The authors emphasize the current possibilities to verify these theses regarding the essence of consciousness thanks to the development of functional brain imaging methods—magnetoencephalography, transcranial magnetic stimulation—as well as clinical studies on the modification of perceptions and feelings by such techniques as mindfulness and the use of certain psychoactive substances, especially among people with self-awareness and identity disorders.

MULTIPLE PERSONALITY. DISSOCIATION MECHANISM OPPOSITE TO SCHIZOPHRENIA

Motivation: identity disorder is a mental disorder with a major impact on all aspects of a person's life, affecting in many cases most of its functional areas. The patient in this case study is 40 years old and appears to have good functionality at work, but his personal life is affected. As co-morbid disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder and substance use can be mentioned. On the other hand, making a differential diagnosis between identity disorder and schizophrenia is difficult for this patient, because he has symptoms with elements specific for both disorders. Objectives: This paper aims to assess the current profile and longitudinal dynamics of a identity disorder in the case of a 40-year-old patient. He was brought to the psychiatrist by his sister, who found some quirks in his brother's behavior and insisted that he consult a specialist to help him. Also, considering the stress-vulnerability model, the factors that contributed to the onset of the pathology will be captured. Simultaneously with the symptoms of this disorder, we will also consider the effects that substance use has on the patient's condition. Methods: Psychological evaluation, interview, case study, management of the therapeutic alliance and proposal of a long-term treatment, in the absence of which the symptoms may worsen, with the risk of significantly affecting functionality and even suicide. Results: The study outlines a profile based on the fragility of the ego and personal boundaries, going as far as the splitting of the ego, the patient declares that there are different people in it: "authority, accountant, good will", "Half of the things I say I hear for the first time"), the fragility of the boundaries of reality ("life is not reality", "to stay away from reality and stay in my mind for a while"), confusion between the material area and the immaterial one ("the bottom step of the safety pyramid", "I don't clean the house because it costs; at first it costs detergents and then it costs the mind to force itself to clean it too"), dissociation between body, mind and soul ("I speak with my desires", "the body was born first, I was born after; the desires are his"), chain of ideas and flight of thoughts, to which are added behaviors from the obsessive-compulsive spectrum (" mistakes are a kind of death "," I am not allowed to spend, not for me either ”,“ 10 pairs of socks. Do you have? We are not talking”)

De l’identité numérique vers la personnalité connectée, du diagnosticien augmenté vers le soignant virtuel : quels enjeux pour la psychologie et la psychiatrie du futur ?

De l’identité numérique vers la personnalité connectée, du diagnosticien augmenté vers le soignant virtuel : quels enjeux pour la psychologie et la psychiatrie du futur ?

The intersections of identity, belonging and drug use disorder: struggles of male youth in post-apartheid South Africa

ABSTRACT The exclusionary principles of the apartheid nation undermined black South Africans’ value and weakened their sense of belonging. The transition to post-apartheid was marked by the absence of supportive structures to nurture a sense of belonging let alone form an identity. Today, young people suffer ‘wounded attachments’ to the past and multiple exclusions from the future. Young people, in the absence of conducive conditions for fostering a sense of belonging, face a crisis of making sense of who they are in the 25+ year-old democracy. This article explores the intersections of identity, belonging and drug use disorder through the narratives of eleven male youth (20–30 years) at Soshanguve SANCA Rehabilitation Centre. Overall, drug use disorder is a manifestation of deep structural issues that influence belonging and identity formation; and it doubles as a way of renegotiating identity as young people strive to escape or belong to socio-relational groups around them.

Intersubjectivité et médiation thérapeutiques

ObjectivesThis article sets out to define the specificity of intersubjective psychoanalytic listening in therapeutic mediations. It proposes to bring to light the presuppositions of this psychoanalytic listening as prerequisites for a possible subjective appropriation of therapeutic work by patients. MethodThe method concerns extensions of psychoanalysis, and consists in transposing the methodical and theoretical foundations of psychoanalysis into the therapeutic mediation setting. The data collection methodology is thus based on clinical observation of various forms of verbal, sensorymotor, and formal associativity, as well as the consideration of the “transferential constellation” (Freud). It is based on an analysis of “limit situations” encountered in the use of mediation treatment systems for serious narcissistic and identity disorders. ResultsThis article distinguishes six operators of intersubjective listening in therapeutic mediations: sensorymotor language, interintentionality, sensorymotor forms of the transference, emergence of primary forms of symbolisation, as well as clinicians’ use of intersubjectivity (attunement, affect sharing, dramatization, and sensorymotor dialogue), and finally the reinstatement of games that could not be played in early childhood. DiscussionEach of the operators highlighted is discussed in summary form in this article; a more in-depth analysis can be made by referring to the bibliographical indications. ConclusionPsychoanalytic listening to intersubjectivity in therapeutic mediations therefore makes it possible to give reference points, both for practice and for a qualitative evaluation of processes involved in these care protocols, which represents a heuristic tool for clinicians.

Gender Dysphoria and Transgender Identity Is Associated with Physiological and Psychological Masculinization: a Theoretical Integration of Findings, Supported by Systematic Reviews

IntroductionGender dysphoria (GD) is associated with several psychiatric conditions, but the causal links are not known. We note that some of these conditions are associated with physiological masculinisation.MethodsHere, we explore this association through a series of systematic reviews, using Google Scholar, on original studies that test the relationship between GD and at least one correlate of androgens, namely autism spectrum disorder, left-handedness, 2D:4D ratio, being male and male heterosexuality.ResultsIndividuals with GD tend to exhibit scores that reflect heightened levels of androgens and masculinity compared with non-GD individuals. We further show that these same androgen indices are also associated with other identity disorders (or dysphoriae).ConclusionsAutism is associated with masculinisation, and we argue that GD may reflect autism spectrum disorder traits that indirectly lead to anxiety and to one questioning one’s sense of self. We note that this is consistent with Blanchard’s transsexualism typology, which successfully integrates a wide range of empirical findings.

La depresión infantil y su vinculación con la falta de valores en la familia

El proceso de crecimiento del ser humano es complejo y variable, a lo largo de su vida se enfrenta a diferentes escenarios y aspectos que la sociedad impone como parte del desarrollo “normal” de todo individuo que culminan en la formación de una familia y la procreación de nuevos seres humanos para completar el entornos familiar idealizado. Sin embargo, la sociedad ha evolucionado y se ha vuelto más compleja por toda la información, el desarrollo y la tecnología, que a la vez que genera progreso. Lo anterior crea confusión entre los miembros de la familia al desviar lo que por mucho tiempo se consideró prioridad para los padres como la unión, el desarrollo y fortalecimiento de valores familiares. Con la evolución de la sociedad, las prioridades se centran en el crecimiento profesional de los padres sin prever las necesidades básicas de sus hijos, en la mayoría de los casos, en que la participación económica de la madre se ha hecho cada vez más importante, y a la vez, no se ha planeado la evolución entre los tres conceptos básicos: Familia-Valores y Estabilidad Moral. Cuando en una familia no hay participación activa de los padres en la educación de los hijos, se crea un vacío de soledad y de sentido de ausencia, lo cual ha provocando un incremento del síndrome llamado “Depresión infantil”, que va en ascenso desde hace 10 años a la fecha. Los síntomas que se manifiestan son la actitud de ausencia, retraimiento e irritabilidad en los niños, lo cual marca su desarrollo y el de los padres. El alto índice de crecimiento de este síndrome está creando un futuro incierto para: padres e hijos al no saber el tipo de traumas, conflictos emocionales y/o los trastornos de identidad que desarrollaran los hijos y a los que se enfrentarán los padres al mismo tiempo; la sociedad al ser incierto el tipo de familias que se establecerán en el futuro; y los individuos afectados psicológicamente que no puedan expresar o recibir muestras de afecto o que al no haber recibido afecto, no puedan sentirlo y desarrollarse como un individuo dentro de la sociedad. Es responsabilidad de nosotros como padres y como miembros de una sociedad el ayudar a que este síndrome depresivo disminuya y a que podamos formar jóvenes libres en de mente y en de espíritu, jóvenes que puedan darnos un México mejor y que puedan librarse de trastornos emocionales que los lleven formar familias disfuncionales, y seguir con este síndrome en crecimiento. El presente trabajo identifico las principales características que refleja un niño con este síndrome, así como, la manera en que se puede atacar estimulando el crecimiento familiar y visualizar el impacto que se genera con técnicas básicas y elementales.

La condición de escritora–traductora: Victoria Ocampo bajo el signo del drama americano

Si, como quiere Antoine Berman, la reconstrucción biográfica de los traductores permite iluminar, entre otras cuestiones, la relación que estos mantienen con la escritura, la lengua materna y las otras lenguas, en el caso particular de la autobiografía de Victoria Ocampo los vínculos entre el español, el francés y el inglés se presentan bajo el signo de un drama que ella define como americano. La imagen del drama americano se refiere el desacomodo que siente en tanto escritora esta cosmopolita sudamericana que vivió entre lenguas y que aprendió a leer y escribir en francés e inglés antes que en su lengua natal. A partir de los «trastornos de identidad» que, según Derrida, pueden rastrearse a través de fenómenos tales como la «pertenencia o no pertenencia de la lengua» y la «afiliación a la lengua» analizo la traducción, entendida en un sentido más metafórico que literal, en el contexto de la propia escritura de Ocampo. Específicamente me interesa la figura de escritora —traductora porque me permite explorar esa condición doble y reversible que se plantea en concomitancia con la problemática de la «dualidad de idiomas».

Une clinique de l’apotemnophilie

IntroductionThe term of apotemnophily was used for the first time by Money in 1977 to name patients who desire an amputation of a healthy limb. CaseWe present a case report of a thirty-two years old military woman, who was hospitalized in a neurology service because of a chronic pain syndrome. The disorders began with a knee trauma complicated by chronic pain causing multiple complaints. At first sight, we are challenged by her desire to amputate her lower limb. DiscussionA literature review highlights controversial positions regarding the nosographic place of apotemnophily: initially classified within paraphilias, the desire to amputation of a healthy limb was later identified by some authors as a body integrity and identity disorders and then studied as a neurological disorder. The clinic of our patient open minded our diagnostic reasoning to other clinical entities such as a depressive disorder with melancholic and psychotic characteristics, an illness anxiety disorder, a body dysmorphic disorder. ConclusionBeyond the controversies, the main risk for these patients is to meet a doctor who decides to treat them with a mutilatory surgical gesture. The therapeutic challenge is to create the conditions of reception of this complaint and to hear the identity claim that it carries. The multidisciplinary approach associating psychiatrist, clinical psychologist and sometimes surgeons when it's appropriate, must prevent medical nomadism and must try to relieve the patient from the suffering of identity.

Level of Stress, Predisposing Factors and Status of Mental Health among Pharmacy Students of a Private University of Dhaka, Bangladesh: A Cross Sectional Study

Stress during tertiary educational period has significant negative effect on the performance of a student. Mental distress is increasing among students and is one of the important public health concerns. This study was carried out to investigate the socio demographic characteristics of students, level of their stress feeling, and status of mental health and to find out the co-relation of different factors associated with the level of stress feelings. A cross sectional study was conducted among the students of the Department of Pharmacy of UAP. A total of 504 students (181 male students and 323 female students) participated in this study. Feeling of severe stress was almost equal to both sexes. But, moderate level of stress was more associated with female students (N = 253, F = 78.33%) and overall female students were more stressful than male. Thought towards future career ranked one among many reasons of stress in students (59.67% for male students and 37.46% for female students). In terms of academic achievements, feeling of stress was higher in female students compared to male students (34.98% for female students vs. 15.47% for male students). Other factors such as unrealistic expectations, family relationship and affairs, socio economic condition, being of too busy also significantly participate in the development of stress in young mind. Mental health status was estimated by considering some facts such as state of shock due to unwanted life events, lacking of expression of emotions, reduced feeling of pleasure, unusual thinking, fear of any specific objects, short term memory loss, self identity disorder and lack of self confidence. We co-related different risk factors like age, gender, socio-economic condition, unrealistic thought patter to different levels of stress feeling. Feelings of stress were most among the student of 21 - 25 years of age. Socio-economic condition is always a great factor of stress, middle class society has more stress compared to other socio-economic classes. Psychological counseling is required in educational institution to detect and prevent mental distress and stress among students.

Éléments pour une psychopathologie du virtuel : le harcèlement virtuel

AimCyberbullying particularly affects teenagers, among whom 12% report being victimized. Current research explores the psychopathogenic issues of cyberbullying, and its risk factors, but little research has analysed the processual aspects of this phenomenon and what differentiates cyberbullying from the more classic forms of harassment. In this article we propose to determine the specific features and mechanisms of cyberbullying. MethodThe method is based on a review of the literature including existing research and definitions of cyberbullying, on clinical observation and on psychoanalytic metapsychology. ResultCyberbullying differs from classic bullying on two criteria: anonymity and the reversal from private to public. It is also an effect of the characteristics of Web 2.0, namely the immediate diffusion of content through the virtual community, where interactivity is very potent. DiscussionThe analysis of cyberbullying highlights three issues: viral otherness, the virtual community and a toxic disinhibition relating to the mediation of the screen. However, we cannot reduce cyberbullying to the sole digital sphere. There is a movement known as virtualization-update, whereby the cyberbullying is rendered omnipresent via harassment at school. Every sphere in the life of the bullied or harassed subject is thus affected. ConclusionsA social network can become a place of transgression, aggressiveness, even perversion, and a weapon of destruction of an individual. Cyberbullying thus appears as a psychopathology of the virtual sphere in everyday life. It forms from a traumatic experience, immersing the adolescent in a identity disorder and in an impossible melancholic mourning. If the harassment is not checked in time, the psychological consequences are catastrophic.

Identity disorder and social-psychological adaptation in patients with hepatobiliary disease

Negative bodily experience due to health complications and disability is perceived as a difficult life situation. The success of adaptation, commitment to treatment and cooperation with a doctor depend on the personality characteristics that define behavioral representations. Aim. Investigate the structure of identity and mechanisms of social-psychological adaptation of patients with the hepatobiliary system disease. Contingent and methods . 75 patients with a diffuse liver disease - chronic hepatitis, mostly of viral etiology (36 people) and liver cirrhosis (39 patients) have been examined. We have applied clinical, clinical-psychological, mathematical and empirical methods, semi-structured cross-interviews (patient-doctor, patient-psychologist), diagnostics of personal characteristics, identity structure, social-psychological components of adaptation. Three leading personality profiles have been highlighted. Results. Persons with a disharmonious personality development are characterized by disorders in the area of identity formation and development. Fragmentation, the impossibility of personal integration and severe penetrability from the environment contribute to social-psychological maladjustment. The coping is aimed at preserving the problem situation and intensifying the intrapersonal conflict. For persons with difficulties in the adaptation of the personality, a violation of activity interaction with the surrounding world is characteristic, a ban on one's self-identity. Social adaptation is often disrupted due to instability in the emotional-volitional sphere and choosing low-adaptive coping strategies. Genuine I and identity formation is impeded for the individuals suppressing aggressive impulses. Adaptability tends to be discrete. With mental stress increasing, the likelihood of choosing low-adaptive coping strategies increases. Conclusions. When drafting psycho-correction programs and medical treatment of people with a hepatobiliary disease, it is necessary to take into account the presence of diffuse identity and violations of social-psychological adaptation.

Study of Loneliness and Identity Styles among Internet Addicted Students in Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch

Application of new technologies is an obvious effects of today world. Internet as a newborn tool of contemporary technology world, plays an important role in change of people's life. Internet now is a necessary tool of modern era which makes it an inevitable component of everyday life. The present study aims to investigate level of sense of loneliness, identity styles and Internet Problematic Use among students. This is a descriptive survey study whose statistical population is all of the students of Technical - Engineering Faculties of Islamic Azad University in 1394-95 (2015-2016) in Tehran, using Multistage Cluster sampling method. 3 questionnaires, sense of loneliness, identity styles and internet addiction, have been selected for gathering data. Data analysis have been carried out by SPSS software. The results indicate that sense of loneliness is higher than two other variances which in turn end in internet addiction and identity disorders.

Recent reports on dissociative identity disorder

Recent reports on dissociative identity disorder

Embodiment Mediates the Relationship between Avoidant Attachment and Eating Disorder Psychopathology.

The overvaluation of body shape and weight of persons with eating disorders (EDs) is putatively explained by a disturbance in the way they experience their own body (embodiment). Moreover, attachment disorders seem to promote the use of body as source for self-definition. Therefore, we assessed the role of embodiment in the connection between attachment styles and ED psychopathology. One-hundred and thirteen ED patients and 117 healthy subjects completed the Identity and Eating Disorders (IDEA) Questionnaire, the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2) and the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale. Eating disorder patients displayed IDEA, EDI-2 and Experiences in Close Relationships scores significantly higher than controls. IDEA total and subtotal scores mediated entirely the influence of avoidant attachment on EDI-2 interoceptive awareness and impulsivity. These findings demonstrate a relationship between insecure attachment and disorders of identity and embodiment and point to embodiment as a possible mediator between avoidant attachment and specific ED psychopathological traits. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.