Level of Stress, Predisposing Factors and Status of Mental Health among Pharmacy Students of a Private University of Dhaka, Bangladesh: A Cross Sectional Study

Zobaida Mostarin Nishi,Md Anzam Ul Islam,Md Hamiduzzaman,Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan,Md Asaduzzaman,Kanij Nahar Deepa,Zabun Nahar,Farhan Jamil,Md Abu Sufian,Md Jakir Hossain,A H M Nazmul Hasan,Smaranika Rahman,Md Zobayer Hossain Gorapi

doi:10.4236/health.2019.112020

Abstract

Stress during tertiary educational period has significant negative effect on the performance of a student. Mental distress is increasing among students and is one of the important public health concerns. This study was carried out to investigate the socio demographic characteristics of students, level of their stress feeling, and status of mental health and to find out the co-relation of different factors associated with the level of stress feelings. A cross sectional study was conducted among the students of the Department of Pharmacy of UAP. A total of 504 students (181 male students and 323 female students) participated in this study. Feeling of severe stress was almost equal to both sexes. But, moderate level of stress was more associated with female students (N = 253, F = 78.33%) and overall female students were more stressful than male. Thought towards future career ranked one among many reasons of stress in students (59.67% for male students and 37.46% for female students). In terms of academic achievements, feeling of stress was higher in female students compared to male students (34.98% for female students vs. 15.47% for male students). Other factors such as unrealistic expectations, family relationship and affairs, socio economic condition, being of too busy also significantly participate in the development of stress in young mind. Mental health status was estimated by considering some facts such as state of shock due to unwanted life events, lacking of expression of emotions, reduced feeling of pleasure, unusual thinking, fear of any specific objects, short term memory loss, self identity disorder and lack of self confidence. We co-related different risk factors like age, gender, socio-economic condition, unrealistic thought patter to different levels of stress feeling. Feelings of stress were most among the student of 21 - 25 years of age. Socio-economic condition is always a great factor of stress, middle class society has more stress compared to other socio-economic classes. Psychological counseling is required in educational institution to detect and prevent mental distress and stress among students.

Highlights

Mental distress is a public health concern including anxiety, stress and depression having symptoms like sleep disorder, headache, loss of appetite, irritating behavior and detached from social life and frequently requires counseling and medical attention [1]
Frequency of female students studying in the department of Pharmacy of UAP is usually higher compared to male counterpart
It is really a matter of worried and observable that a day in modern context of life style, there is a significant reduction in the sharing of feelings or emotions, reduce in the feeling of pleasure, feeling of self identity disorder and not being satisfied in the context of life significantly contributing to mental distress among students

Summary

Introduction

Mental distress is a public health concern including anxiety, stress and depression having symptoms like sleep disorder, headache, loss of appetite, irritating behavior and detached from social life and frequently requires counseling and medical attention [1]. Mental health may be defined as the successful execution of mental function in terms of conception, mood and behavior which generates productive activities, maintenance of relationship within social context and the ability to adapt with time course [2]. Stress may be defined as the non specific response of the body to any demand. Anxiety is a kind of response of the body to a perceived threat that is triggered by personal beliefs, feelings and thoughts and is characterized by a number of symptoms like worried thoughts, increased blood pressure and pulse, sweating, chest pain, etc. Manifestations of depression include loss of interest or pleasure, sadness, felling of guilt, sleeplessness, loss of appetite and poor concentration and can affect the outcome of many chronic diseases, e.g. diabetes, cardiovascular disease and obesity [4]

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