Identity Confusion Research Articles

Evolution of Self: Exploration of Personality Development in Kamila Shamsie's Selective Novel

The persona of Hasan in Kamila Shamsie’s novel In the City By the Sea is a complicated and multi-faceted character whose adventure from childhood to adulthood illustrates his cognitive and psychosocial improvement in the story. In this paper, we have analyzed Hasan's character focusing on his cognitive maturity and social development, discovering through his life experiences and relationships his idea of self and the world around him. Our discussion draws on Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, explaining the ways Hasan's conception of reality and truth undergoes evolution over time as he progresses from a concrete, sensorimotor awareness of the world to greater abstract, formal operational understanding. We additionally utilize Erikson's ideas on psychosocial development, especially the stage of identity versus identity confusion in his theory and the blossoming of Hasan's ego identity. The paper argues that Hasan's immediate life experiences and relationships play an essential function in shaping his idea of himself and the surrounding world. In conclusion, our research offers an insightful interpretation of Hasan's portrayal in the novel, exploring the functioning of cognitive and psychosocial growth at work in his progression from formative years to maturity. The current research highlights the utility of Piaget and Erikson's theories to interpret literary characters and unpack the interplay of both nature and nurture in comprehending the complex phenomenon of human development.

Reflective Teaching with the Film “Get Out” ‘Watch Together’

This study explored the possibility of reflective education using the film Get Out. With the expansion of OTT services, ‘watching alone’ and ‘quick playback’ are becoming commonplace. In this paper, we propose a way to deepen the understanding of the film's core message and lead to reflection by watching and discussing the film together.Although racism is publicly prohibited and seems to have been politically resolved to some extent, it is still at the root of various problems in modern society. The film Get Out provides an opportunity to reflect on this issue of racism and also on identity, which is a major issue during the university years.This paper provides an opportunity to reflect on stereotypes and prejudicial attitudes by discussing how stereotypes can easily lead to discrimination and furthermore to hatred and conflict. It also provides an opportunity to reflect on identity, such as the students' own values and beliefs, by discussing the problem of identity confusion caused by the transplantation of a black body and a white brain.

한국철학사에서 자기정체성과 타자성의 문제

The other is a stranger to the a subject. The myth of Dangun mythologically in Korea expresses the process in which the other changes the subject through the process of metamorphosis. Just as an individual's identity is formed in social relationships, the identity of philosophy is also formed through relationships with others. There are typically three ways in a philosophical tradition that makes responses when it interacts with other traditions: conversion(轉向), confrontation(對決), and consilience(統攝). Firstly, in conversion, one admits that the other is superior and gives up one’s own self-identity all together. There are two types in the conversion.: collective conversion and individual conversion. As a case of collective conversion, there is a case in which the royal family of Silla collectively turned to Buddhism, and as an example of an individual conversion, there is the case of Choe Byeong- heon who converted from a Neo-confucian scholar to a Protestant Christian. Secondly, in confrontation, one believes that one’s system of beliefs is correct and other’s is incorrect so a conflict is inevitable. Wijeongcheoksa(衛正斥邪) theory belongs to the case of confrontation. The root of Wijeongcheoksa theory lies in the Horak(湖洛) debate. Thirdly, the case of consilience is found in Wonhyo(元曉), a Buddhist thinker of Silla. Hwajaeng(和諍=harmonization of disputes) was Wonhyo's method of integrating the theories of other lineage within Buddhism, but it was also applied to theories outside of Buddhism. Western philosophy is the other that Koreans confronted for the last time in the history of Korean philosophy. After the introduction of Western philosophy, Korean philosophy suffered a serious crisis of identity confusion. After the Japanese colonial period, the traditional subject-other or host-guest relationship is reversed. This situation is a very uncomfortable truth for Eastern or Korean philosophers to accept. Now, what is the direction Korean philosophy should go in the future, and where is the identity to be newly formed? In the global world, the relationship between the subject and the other is not fixed and is constantly evolving. In the global knowledge field, the subject and the other will exchange information more actively than ever before, forming a new amalgam.

이주민 남미 청소년들의 자아존중감, 긍정성 향상, 우울감소를 위한 무용동작치료

In this study, dance movement therapy is used to treat South American immigrant adolescents who are depressed, have problems with their self-esteem, The goal is to reduce dejection while boosting optimism and self-worth. Many South American migrant laborers enter South Korea illegally because there is no Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to dispatch manpower between the two countries, while others enter on tourist visas to work so they are in an unstable environment. Every Saturday from October 22 to April 23, the Catholic Pastoral Commission for Latin American Communities organized A total of 48 sessions were conducted in two sessions of 70 minutes each for six youth (accompanied by parents from Peru, Spain, Bolivia, and Colombia) to improve their self-esteem, reduce depression, and increase positivity. Based on the 6 categories of the Emotional Social System DMT (Ryu, 2017) study, the dance movement therapy program for migrant youth from South America to improve their self-esteem, reduce depression, and increase positivity. The program applied the following 6 categories were used: Kinesthetic Perception DMT, Grounding DMT, Interaction DMT, Synchronization of rhythm and kinetic connection DMT, Cognition Behavioural Action DMT, and Self-System Activation DMT. As a result, there was a meaningful positive improvement in self-esteem, positivity, and depression when the pre- and post-test results were compared. Dance movement therapy to improve self-esteem, reduce depression, and increase positivity for South American immigrant adolescents used movement as a psychotherapy tool to help them better understand themselves and unleash their inner spontaneity and creativity, ultimately helping to establish a confused identity, improve self-esteem, and lessen depression. The purpose of this study is to serve as a resource for future research on migratory youth from Latin America.

‘Thrown in at the deep end’: a qualitative analysis into the transition from trainee to consultant during the COVID-19 pandemic and lessons for the future

BackgroundSustained crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic would be expected to impact the transition from trainee to consultant for anaesthetists or intensivists, but limited research exists on this important topic. This study aimed to examine the social context of this crucial career transition during the pandemic and post-pandemic periods. MethodsWe conducted semi-structured interviews with anaesthetists and intensivists who became consultants after the first UK lockdown. Thematic analysis was used and data saturation was reached at 33 interviews. ResultsThe pandemic substantially impacted the transition to consultant role in various ways, including professional identity, clinical and non-clinical responsibilities, and wellbeing. Participants experienced identity confusion, self-doubt, and moral injury, resulting in intense emotional distress, feelings of guilt and helplessness, which persisted beyond the pandemic. They also felt unprepared for their consultant roles because of disruptions in training. The pandemic exaggerated the vulnerability of those transitioning to consultants, because of increased clinical uncertainties, and pressures of the growing backlog. Additionally, the pandemic impacted on the wellbeing of those transitioning to consultants, intensifying feelings of anxiety and stress. We also identified unique opportunities presented by the pandemic, which accelerated learning and encouraged post-traumatic growth. Our study identified practical solutions that may improve transition experience at individual, organisational, and national levels. ConclusionsPersistent crises significantly impact the transition from trainee to consultant. Our findings generated insights into the challenges of this critical career transition and staff wellbeing, and serve to inform approaches of ongoing support for those transitioning to consultants.

In the Light of Absurdism : A Comparative Study of Tom Stoppard's Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead and Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot

This paper is an attempt to compare and contrast the similarities and differences of Tom Stoppard's Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead and Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot under the light of Absurd tradition. The paper explains the theatre of the Absurd and its elements. Beckett and Stoppard's distrust of language is shown in their distrust of words, using clichés and repetitions, silences, pauses and some other tactics. Furthermore, the two dramatists' use of verbal games and word-plays, in order to show their distrust of language as a tool of communication, is also explained in this paper .The existential theme and contents used in both plays are discussed. Themes such as: death, lack of individuality and lack of logic are compared and contrasted in both mentioned plays. Moreover, this paper also contains a comparative study of the structure of the two plays. Using Beckett as a starting point, some critics believe that Stoppard can be considered as an ending point in the process of evaluation of Absurdist theatre. The paper also anlyses the symbols which both the playwrights use(such as failing memory, confused identity. lake of desicion making skills) to describes the characters in their plays and thus also compares them with each other.

Students' experiences with educational-ethical challenges

The purpose of this research is to investigate students' experience with educational-moral challenges. The research method is qualitative and phenomenological. The statistical population of this research included all female students of the second secondary level. The sample was selected purposefully and according to the available samples. Data saturation in the field of the educational-moral challenge of identity confusion was done after 14 interviews, communication challenge after 15 interviews, and existential anxiety challenge after 17 interviews. The three-step Ricoeur's method was used to analyze the interview data. Findings include 5 main themes and 16 sub-themes. The research shows that the educational-moral challenges of students are rooted in their untested assumptions and false beliefs. The analysis of the students' experience provides a clear picture of their perceptions about each of the challenges, and the discovery and interpretation of their speech shows that each experience has depth and breadth, and from each experience, we can reach the hidden things of the word.
 Keywords: Challenge; education; ethics; morals; phenomenology.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CELEBRITY WORSHIP TO STREET TEENAGERS' SELF-IDENTITY IN MALANG CITY

Background: Adolescence is a phase that must be passed through physical, mental, emotional and social changes. In this phase, adolescents begin to have a developmental task, namely self-identity. Adolescents with good self-identity will achieve developmental tasks well, while adolescents with low self-identity may experience identity confusion which results in deviant behaviors. Self-identity is influenced by several factors, one of which is the celebrity worship factor.
 Objectives: To describe the relationship between celebrity worship to street youth self-identity.
 Methods: Descriptive with a cross sectional approach. The 130 respondents participated on this study by using purposive sampling technique. The measurement tools used were the Celebrity Attitude Scale for the variable (celebrity worship) and the Identity Style Inventory for the Self-Identity variable.
 Results: Bivariate analysis with Spearman rho celebrity worship (p value = 0.027, r = 0.194).
 Conclusion: There is a relationship between celebrity worship and self-identity among street children in Malang City, East Java

Probable Causes And Strategies to Address The Issue of High Rate of Debauchery Among The Youth: With Reference to Erik Erikson’s Fifth Stage of Psychosocial Theory of Personality Development

Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development posits that individuals advance through eight different stages of life, each marked by a crisis that must be resolved in order to successfully move on to the next stage. According to Erikson's theory, successfully resolving these crises leads to the development of a healthy psychosocial identity, while a failure to resolve these crises can result in a less healthy identity or even identity confusion. The youth of today shows a lot of misconduct in the society and this is attributed to the fact that they fail to resolve the conflict at the fifth stage (identity vs role confusion) of psychosocial theory of personality development. The study reveals some of the probable causes of debauchery among others as mass media, bad peer influence, dysfunctional homes, poor parenting styles and lack of education. The study however suggested some strategies to address the issue of high rate of debauchery; education, building strong relationship with the youth, building confidence and self-compassion and good peer influence. It was therefore concluded that teenagers at this time investigate numerous facets of identity and either acquire a coherent sense of who they are or stay confused about who they are and what they want out of life. Parents, on the other hand, are supposed to provide a good parenting style that will not damage the child in terms of identifying himself or herself. It was recommended among others that school authorities and lecturers in higher institutions should intensify efforts in educating the youth on moral values that will enable them acquire a set of beliefs and values on what is right and wrong which will make them excel. Again, institutions can establish policies and procedures for addressing misconduct, including reporting and investigation protocols, as well as consequences for violating standards of behavior.

STRUGGLE IN DAVE PELZER’S NOVEL THE LOST BOY

This study aims at revealing struggle for life depicted in Dave Pelzer’s novel The Lost Boy. This study applied a qualitative research method in analyzing. Analyzing the data comprises gathering data, making interpretations, and writing reports. This research adopts theory pioneered by Maizler who divided struggle into four kinds: positive, negative, inevitable, and chosen. The results of the study show that there are two dominant struggles depicted in the novel, namely positive and inevitable struggles. Both positive and inevitable struggle are found dominantly in the novel. Positive struggle is portrayed by the protagonist who deals with identity confusion since he has to adapt and to fit in with new environment. Inevitable struggle is when the protagonist deals with necessary loses inevitably. The protagonist has to move many times until he found the warmth of family love. It can be concluded that the protagonist in the novel clearly deals with two kinds of struggle, but positive struggle is presented in the study since it can be found dominantly in the novel.

The Effects of Enfacement Illusion on Self and Other Perception and Relevant Implications

Perceiving self is one of the crucial issues discussed in psychology. Studies have suggested that the evaluation of the self could be manipulated by divergent factors and operations. Some experiments proved the variability of self-concept. A typical instance is the rubber hand illusion, causing a discrepancy between the visual and tactile sensation and the confusion of identity. Enfacement illusion, similarly, have the resembling influence but focuses on the human face instead of the hand. Its an important phenomenon with the significant meaning of being related to the perception of self and other. The impact of the enfacement effect on one's perspective of oneself and that of others was examined through the analysis of recent research, with further implications given. Discussions done in this paper could make contributions in the area of comprehension of self and other. First, various fingdings bring up the individualized irregularity that emerged among people. Second, according to plenty of studies, enfacement has the potential to encourage the establishment of relationships with more intimacy. Thirdly, studies on illusions other than the perception of faces were conducted, and they demonstrated similarities to the enfacement illusion's effect. Limitations of not elaborating on compound factors associated exist in previous research. Addition explorations are required for examining the causation of values altered. This review can provide some suggestions for intervention studies and applications in children with social functioning deficits.

The role of personal identity as a resource for college students during COVID-19

Objective: We examined the role of personal identity vis-à-vis COVID-related outcomes among college students from seven U.S. campuses during spring/summer 2021. Participants: The present sample consisted of 1,688 students (74.5% female, age range 18-29). The sample was ethnically diverse, and 57.3% were first-generation students. Procedures: Students completed an online survey assessing personal identity synthesis and confusion, COVID-related worries, general internalizing symptoms, positive adaptation, and general well-being. Results: Personal identity synthesis was negatively related to COVID-related worries and general internalizing symptoms, and positively related to positive adaptation, both directly and indirectly through life satisfaction and psychological well-being. Personal identity confusion evidenced an opposing set of direct and indirect associations with outcome variables. Conclusions: Personal identity may potentially be protective against pandemic-related distress among college students, in part through its association with well-being. Reducing identity confusion and promoting identity synthesis are essential among college students during this and future pandemics.

고등학교 진로지도 경력교사의 첫 중학교 진로전담교사 직무 수행에 관한 내러티브 탐구

Objectives This study was carried out with the purpose of in-depth exploration of the job performance process of a high school career guidance career teacher who was performing the job of a career guidance teacher in middle school for the first time.
 Methods Data were collected, interpreted, and analyzed through the narrative inquiry method. Beginning middle school career teachers who have been in charge of high school career guidance for more than 10 years were selected and went through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and local data collection for about a year. We analyzed how to solve it.
 Results Participants in the study experienced confusion in identity by performing numerous career experience- oriented jobs in an unfamiliar and lonely environment without background knowledge of middle school career education. In the process, he continued to work with teachers to carry out professional career counseling, understanding the characteristics of middle schools that mixed the needs for experience-oriented career education and career design, and setting up a middle school career education plan in a larger framework.
 Conclusions Based on these research results, it suggested training middle and high school career teachers, dualization of incumbent training courses, job demands of career teachers and policy support suitable for school sites, and education on school career curriculum design competency.

Dissociation Across Cultures: A Transdiagnostic Guide for Clinical Assessment and Management.

The clinical heterogeneity of dissociation constitutes a challenge to the culture-sensitive clinician. Variability in experiencing dissociation, the interplay between acute and chronic conditions, and the predominance of a nosologically interface-type of clinical surface conceal core dissociative symptoms. While the latter (amnesia, depersonalization, derealization, identity confusion, and identity alteration) usually remain underreported, the clinical surface may be dominated by acute (functional neurological symptoms, brief psychosis, an experience of possession, or acute dissociative reaction to a stressful event) or chronic (mood and personality disorders) secondary syndromes. However, these syndromes also constitute gateways in pursuing the clues of core dissociation. Given that culture influences communication between clinician and patient, accurate expression of mental content requires the idiomatic armamentarium describing the experience. The latter is problematic in dealing with phenomena of core dissociation while the secondary representations have a relatively universal character for both clinicians and patients. Nevertheless, this approach requires a transdiagnostic understanding in conceiving this clinical interface. This interface reflects, in fact, complications of dissociative disorders which require to be addressed in the first line. This is either due to the medical and psychiatric urgency (e.g., functional neurological symptoms, brief psychosis) or due to resistance to treatment (e.g., antidepressant pharmacotherapy) which seem to be indicated for the particular condition. This transdiagnostic schema is based on a combined utilization of etic and emic principles in the cultural understanding of psychiatric disorders. Namely, universal medical-psychiatric categories are conceived as tools of communication and mutual understanding rather than being mere appearances or primary disturbances.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CELEBRITY WORSHIP TO STREET TEENAGERS' SELF-IDENTITY IN SIDOARJO REGENCY AND MALANG CITY, EAST JAVA

Background: Adolescence is a phase that must be passed through physical, mental, emotional and social changes. In this phase, adolescents begin to have a developmental task, namely self-identity. Adolescents with good self-identity will achieve developmental tasks well, while adolescents with low self-identity may experience identity confusion which results in deviant behaviors. Self-identity is influenced by several factors, one of which is the celebrity worship factor.
 
 Objectives: In this study with street children as respondents. Where researchers want to know the relationship celebrity worship to street youth self-identity.
 
 Methods: Used is descriptive with a cross sectional approach. With the number of respondents as many as 130 respondents. By using purposive sampling technique. The measurement tools used are the Celebrity Attitude Scale for the variable (celebrity worship) and the Identity Style Inventory for the Self-Identity variable.
 
 Results: Bivariate analysis with Spearman rho celebrity worship (p value = 0.027, r = 0.194).
 
 Conclusion: There is a relationship between celebrity worship and self-identity among street children in Sidoarjo Regency and Malang City, East Java

Identity change of late-deafened adults after receiving cochlear implants

Purpose The aim of this research was to understand how adults reconceptualise their identity when experiencing hearing loss as an adult, and how their identity might change with a cochlear implant. Materials and methods Using an online survey administered through cochlear implant social media groups, with follow-up semi-structured interviews, participants answered questions about their hearing loss and cochlear implant experiences. Forty-four people answered the survey and 16 participated in an in-depth interview. All were older than 18 years, once had heard, became deafened in adulthood and had at least one cochlear implant. Results The decision to have a cochlear implant often meant acknowledging they were no longer a hearing person. After having an implant four themes emerged. (1) Some participants maintained a hearing identity through hearing loss and after cochlear implantation, while others returned to their hearing identity. (2) Others acknowledged a confused identity, neither deaf nor hearing. In unexpected findings, (3) during the progression of hearing loss, some participants had identified as hearing but could not hear, however after implantation, they became deaf people who could hear. (4) Furthermore, after implantation, some participants identified as disabled when they had not done so when less able to hear. Conclusion Given the prevalence of hearing loss in later life, it is important to understand the way these adults understand their identity through the progression of hearing loss and after becoming cochlear implant recipients. The belief people have of themselves impacts healthcare choices and affects their commitment to ongoing rehabilitation.

Identity Formation and General and Cancer-specific Functioning in Adolescent and Emerging Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Longitudinal Study into Directionality of Effects.

Adolescent and emerging adult survivors of childhood cancer generally adjust well psychologically similar to their peers. Nevertheless, some survivors are at greater risk for developing psychological and physical difficulties. To shed light on the psychosocial functioning of adolescent and emerging adult survivors of childhood cancer, personal identity formation and its interplay with general and cancer-specific functioning need to be investigated. To examine the longitudinal associations linking identity formation to general and cancer-specific functioning in adolescent and emerging adult childhood cancer survivors using three-wave data over a 2-year period. Dutch-speaking survivors (at baseline: n = 125; 53% female; age range: 14-25 years) treated at the pediatric oncology department of the University Hospitals Leuven (Belgium), completed self-report questionnaires at three annual timepoints. Directionality of effects and correlated changes were examined using cross-lagged structural equation modeling. Regarding general functioning, bidirectional effects occurred. Life satisfaction positively predicted identity synthesis and both life satisfaction and good physical functioning negatively predicted identity confusion over time. Identity synthesis, in turn, positively predicted life satisfaction and identity confusion negatively predicted good physical functioning over time. Regarding cancer-specific functioning, mainly unidirectional effects occurred. Post-traumatic stress symptoms negatively predicted identity synthesis and positively predicted identity confusion over time, whereas the reverse pattern of associations was found for benefit finding. Several correlated changes were found linking identity formation and psychosocial functioning as well. The present study uncovered clinically meaningful pathways linking identity formation to psychosocial functioning over time in adolescents and emerging adults who survived childhood cancer.

Comparison of Object Relations, Personality Organization, and Personal and Relational Meaning of Life in Psychology Graduates vs. other Students in Lahijan Azad University

Aim: We conducted the present study to compare Object relations, personality organization, personal meaning of life, and Relational meaning in life among Islamic Azad University, Lahijans branch's students. Method: The research design was post-event (causal-comparative). The sample included 200 (100 psychology students and 100 students from other majors) selected based on convenience sampling criteria for this study. We used The Bell Object Relations and Reality Testing Inventory (BORRTI), Kernberg's Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO), Steger's Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), and Relational Meaning in Life Questionnaire (RMLQ) in this study. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and SPSS-24 software. Result: The results showed no significant differences between the scores of Object Relations among psychology students and students from other majors of Islamic Azad University, Lahijan. On the other hand, there were significant differences between the variables of personality organization, personal meaning in life, and Relational Meaning in Life in psychology students and other university students. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the overall status of psychology students was better than other students in terms of personality organization, personal meaning in life, and Relational Meaning in Life. However, it is recommended that therapists, counselors, and educational administrators pay more attention to Object Relations and some personality organization variables (such as primary defenses and identity confusion) in themselves or their students, as examining and improving these variables through psychotherapy can provide a better basis for future services and prevent potential harm to clients.

Identity formation at the dawn of liturgical inculturation in the Ethiopian Episcopal Church

This article reflects on the impact of the inculturation of liturgy in the Ethiopian Episcopal Church (EEC) on identity formation within the context of African Christianity. In the EEC, the quest for African Christian identity formation is essential in understanding the role of black culture at the advent of the inculturation of liturgy. Inculturation can be viewed as the meeting and interaction of the Christian gospel and local cultures where neither the liturgy nor the cultures are superior than the other. Thus, it is vital to understand the inculturation of liturgy and its implications for African Christian identity in the EEC. There is a need for an official guiding principle or doctrinal and theological position on use of language and instruments associated with ancestor veneration at all levels of the EEC. The aim of this article is to clarify how the transformation of the EEC liturgy shaped the African Christianity’s identity of its members. It also attempts to provide clarification on the use of language, symbols, and instruments associated with traditional healers in the liturgy and how it creates identity confusion within the EEC. Lastly, we discuss some of the limitations in the liturgical inculturation endeavour in the EEC.Contribution: This article contributes to a wider discourse of Christian identity formation from the perspective of the coming together of Christianity and African culture. It also contributes to the quest of EEC members for being authentic Christians while also being proud Africans. Specifically, it contributes to the EEC’s quest for African identity through the inculturation of liturgy.

Ekklēsia: Contending for Church as ‘People’

Abstract This article investigates the presumed identity of the present-day Church while seeking parity in terms and meaning with the identity of the early church. The phrase, ‘The church is not a building; the people are the church’, displays the existence of multiple perceived identities of what/who is known as the church within Western culture. New Testament Scripture best defines the church of Jesus Christ as a gathering of believers, not an inert structure. English-speaking contexts utilize church to describe both a community in relationship to God and owned real estate. Identity confusion about what/who the church is affects the perceived agency of the community of faith. This research then proposes cues to define and retain a nt scriptural identity of the church amidst contemporary cultural influence.