Identity Status Research Articles

Secure Discovery of Genetic Relatives across Large-Scale and Distributed Genomic Datasets.

Finding relatives within a study cohort is a necessary step in many genomic studies. However, when the cohort is distributed across multiple entities subject to data-sharing restrictions, performing this step often becomes infeasible. Developing a privacy-preserving solution for this task is challenging due to the significant burden of estimating kinship between all pairs of individuals across datasets. We introduce SF-Relate, a practical and secure federated algorithm for identifying genetic relatives across data silos. SF-Relate vastly reduces the number of individual pairs to compare while maintaining accurate detection through a novel locality-sensitive hashing approach. We assign individuals who are likely to be related together into buckets and then test relationships only between individuals in matching buckets across parties. To this end, we construct an effective hash function that captures identity-by-descent (IBD) segments in genetic sequences, which, along with a new bucketing strategy, enable accurate and practical private relative detection. To guarantee privacy, we introduce an efficient algorithm based on multiparty homomorphic encryption (MHE) to allow data holders to cooperatively compute the relatedness coefficients between individuals, and to further classify their degrees of relatedness, all without sharing any private data. We demonstrate the accuracy and practical runtimes of SF-Relate on the UK Biobank and All of Us datasets. On a dataset of 200K individuals split between two parties, SF-Relate detects 94.9% of third-degree relatives, and 99.9% of second-degree or closer relatives, within 15 hours of runtime. Our work enables secure identification of relatives across large-scale genomic datasets.

MANifest Health Theory: A Holistic Approach to Cis-Gender Men's Health.

Men's health has often been overlooked in health care, with traditional gender norms and societal expectations significantly shaping men's health behaviors and attitudes. The MANifest Health Theory (MHT) offers a comprehensive framework to address cis-gender men's unique health needs by considering the complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors. Rooted in four interconnected core concepts-Biopsychosocial Model, Health Optimization, Health Synchronicity, and Ethnocultural Expression-MHT provides a holistic understanding of men's health. This article explores how MHT integrates inductive and deductive reasoning, describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling aspects of men's health. Key components such as Gender-Sensitive Care, Health Empowerment, Supportive Environments, and Interdisciplinary Collaboration are discussed in relation to practical strategies for health care delivery. The limitations of MHT, including its developmental status, cultural applicability, and inclusivity of diverse gender identities, are acknowledged. Future steps for validating and refining the theory through empirical research, cultural adaptation, and inclusion of diverse gender experiences are outlined. By applying MHT, health care professionals can deliver more holistic and culturally competent care, promoting healthier lifestyles and reducing health care disparities among men.

Effect of parental rearing styles on adolescent ego identity: the mediating role of involutionary attitudes.

Previous studies have found that negative parental rearing styles can negatively predict the acquisition of ego identity, while it has not been discussed whether the overcompetitive attitudes, a stable personality, will further hinder their ego identity development under the model of educational involutionary. The study used the Overcompetitive Attitude Scale, the Brief Parental Rearing Styles Questionnaire, and the Ego Identity Status Scale to investigate 550 young students in a school in Suzhou in order to explore the influence of parental rearing styles on adolescents' ego identity development and the role of involutional attitudes. The results showed that: (1) Adolescents' overcompetitive attitude was positively predicted by parental rejection and overprotection, while it was negatively predicted by parental emotional warmth. (2) Parental emotional warmth significantly predicted adolescents' ego identity status more favorably than parental rejection, overprotection, and overcompetitive attitude. (3) Overcompetitive attitude plays a partial intermediary role between parental rearing style and ego identity.

Identity Statuses and Well-Being among University Students in Türkiye

Identity Statuses and Well-Being among University Students in Türkiye

Personality traits and identity statuses as predictors of personality functioning in mid and late adolescence

This study had four objectives: (a) examining the sex-related differences in the level of personality functioning (LOPF), (b) exploring the association between personality traits (PT) and LOPF, (c) exploring the association between identity statuses (IS) and LOPF, (d) exploring whether PT and IS can predict LOPF. A sample of 1450 students aged 15–21 years from high schools and universities from all the governorates of Lebanon participated in this online study. The Arabic version of three measures were used: (a) Revised Personality Inventory: Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, EXtraversion, Agreeableness (versus Anger), Conscientiousness, Openness to Experience (HEXACO) – PI – R, (b) Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status (EOM-EIS), (c) Level of Personality Functioning Screener- Brief Form 2.0 (LOPF-BF-2.0) were rated for the sample. Results showed no statistical differences in LOPF between males and females; IS and LOPF were correlated similarly in both males and females except for Achievement (Ach), which did not correlate significantly with LOPF in males, but correlated negatively and significantly among females. Conversely, Moratorium (M), Foreclosure (F) and Diffusion (D) correlated positively with LOPF in both males and females. All Identity statuses could predict LOPF, except for F; likewise, all personality dimensions Humility (H), Extraversion (X), Agreeableness (A), and Conscientiousness (C) could predict LOPF except for Openness to experience (O). Implications of the results are discussed.

Investigating science identity classifications of rural high school students: a person-centered approach

ABSTRACT The construct of science identity has been gaining attention across various domains in the educational arena. To date, however, no studies have used a person-centered quantitative approach within science identity research that is based upon traditional identity theory. Hence, there is an absence of a theoretical underpinning of the number of science identity classes that might be derived from using person-centered techniques or descriptive dialogues of such classes. Due to this gap in the research and the potentially significant impact of science identity on students’ pursuit of STEM studies and subsequent careers, our project team tested the Science Identity Scale rooted in traditional identity theory with a group of rural high school students. Using latent class analysis, an optimal 4-class science identity solution emerged that reflected the four traditional identity statuses – Achieved, Foreclosed, Moratorium, and Diffused. These classifications predicted student science career interest but also suggested the existence of social inequalities for low socioeconomic students, Latinxs, and African Americans. More study is needed to investigate classification stability over time and to identify factors that contribute to existing social inequalities, thereby providing insight into the effective cultivation of students’ science identities and culminating in greater STEM persistence with less inequality.

The Relationship Between Personality Factors, Vocational Identity and Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy

Context: Adolescence is the training ground for adult life. In a relatively short period, the adolescent will undergo a metamorphosis. During the high school years, the majority of adolescents move from persistent dependence to true independence, from logical thinking to abstract, complex and hypothetical thinking, from impulsivity to consideration and from a diffuse feeling about one's own person to a reasonably defined self-identity. Adolescent's vocational identity formation during high school is an extremely important process in vocational and career counseling, because it helps them to make rational choices regarding the choice of a career gaining an increased level of career maturity. Methods: The present study had as participants 300 Romanian teenagers which belong to the following paths of studies/profiles: formal sciences (specializations: Mathematics-informatics and Natural Sciences), services (specializations: Economics, trade, tourism and food) and humanities (specialization: Philology). The tools used in the adolescent evaluation process were Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy-Short Form Scale (CDMSE-SF), the Vocational Identity Status Assessment (VISA) and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI-3). Results: After the interpretation of the obtained results, the following aspects were demonstrated: The identity status career commitment correlates with the personality traits - neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience and conscientiousness, and regarding the career decision-making self-efficacy it correlates with the self-evaluation process, obtaining information about self and professions, setting goals, career planning and the problem-solving process. Identity status identification with career commitment correlates with personality traits - extraversion, openness to experience and conscientiousness, and from the perspective of the career decision-making self-efficacy, it correlates with the process of self-evaluation, obtaining information about self and professions, setting goals, solving problems and career planning. The identity status career commitment flexibility correlates with the personality traits neuroticism and conscientiousness, and from the perspective of the career decision-making self-efficacy it correlates with the problem-solving process. Identity status career self-doubt correlates positively with the personality trait neuroticism and negatively with conscientiousness, the process of self-evaluation, obtaining information about self and professions, setting goals, career planning and problem solving. Conclusion: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between vocational identity, personality factors and career decision-making self-efficacy. The results demonstrated that certain personality traits, respectively certain components of career decision-making self-efficacy are predictors for the adolescent's vocational identity formation.

Exploring trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress in university students of different identity statuses in Lithuania and Japan.

Emerging adulthood is the time when identity questions are addressed. It is also a time of excessive stress and risk for mental health problems. Different identity statuses relate to different mental health outcomes. Yet, little research has addressed how identity status is interlinked with trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress reactions, especially in multicultural contexts. The current study aimed to explore whether different traumatic experiences are related to the current identity status of university students aged between 18 and 29 years and investigate to what extent trauma-exposed emerging adults of different identity statuses report symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD). In total, 2237 university students from Lithuania (n = 791) and Japan (n = 1345) participated in the current study. Identity profiles were revealed by using the Latent Class Analysis approach. Lithuania and Japan were comparable in terms of identity profiles and structure of PTSD/CPTSD. Trauma-exposed emerging adults reported a higher probability of being in troubled diffusion identity status; students in achievement identity status had a lower probability of CPTSD and lower rates of symptoms of disturbances in self-organization. The diffused identity of emerging adults from Lithuania and Japan is associated with trauma exposure, and positive identity is linked with fewer CPTSD reactions.

Gwid: an R package and Shiny application for Genome-Wide analysis of IBD data.

Genome-wide identity by descent (gwid) is an R package developed for the analysis of identity-by-descent (IBD) data pertaining to dichotomous traits. This package offers a set of tools to assess differential IBD levels for the two states of a binary trait, yielding informative and meaningful results. Furthermore, it provides convenient functions to visualize the outcomes of these analyses, enhancing the interpretability and accessibility of the results. To assess the performance of the package, we conducted an evaluation using real genotype data derived from the SNPs to investigate rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility from the Marshfield Clinic Personalized Medicine Research Project. gwid is available as an open-source R package. Release versions can be accessed on CRAN (https://cran.r-project.org/package=gwid) for all major operating systems. The development version is maintained on GitHub (https://github.com/soroushmdg/gwid) and full documentation with examples and workflow templates is provided via the package website (http://tinyurl.com/gwid-tutorial). An interactive R Shiny dashboard is also developed (https://tinyurl.com/gwid-shiny).

A novel approach of kinship determination based on the physical length of genetically shared regions of chromosomes.

Determination of genetic relatedness between individuals plays a crucial role in resolving numerous civil cases involving familial relationships and in forensic investigation concerning missing persons. Short tandem repeats (STRs), known for their high degree of DNA polymorphism, have traditionally been the primary choice of DNA markers in genetic testing, but their application for kinships testing is limited to cases involving close kinship. SNPs have emerged as promising supplementary markers for kinship determination. Nevertheless, the challenging remains in discriminating between third-degree or more distant relatives, such as first cousins, using SNPs. To investigate a kinship analysis method for distant degree of familial relationships using high-density SNP data. A high-density SNP data from 337 individuals of Korean families using Affymetrix Axiom KORV1.0-96 Array was obtained for this study. SNPs were aligned by chromosomal positions, and identity-by-state (IBS) was determined, and then shared regions as consecutive SNPs with IBS of 1 or 2 were investigated. The physical lengths of these IBS segments were measured and summed them to create an Index, as a measure of kinship. The kinship was determined by the physical length of shared chromosomal regions that are distinguished by each kinship. Using this method, the relationship was able be distinguished up to the fourth degree of kinship, and non-relatives were clearly distinguished from true relatives. We also found a potential for this approach to be used universally, regardless of microarray platforms for SNP genotyping and populations. This method has a potential to determine the different degree of kinship between individuals and to distinguish non-relatives from true relatives, which can be of great help for practical applications in kinship determination.

Integrated analysis strategy of genome-wide functional gene mining reveals DKK2 gene underlying meat quality in Shaziling synthesized pigs

BackgroundShaziling pig is a well-known indigenous breed in China who has superior meat quality traits. However, the genetic mechanism and genomic evidence underlying meat quality characteristics of Shaziling pigs are still unclear. To explore and investigate the germplasm characteristics of Shaziling pigs, we totally analyzed 67 individual’s whole genome sequencing data for the first time (20 Shaziling pigs [S], 20 Dabasha pigs [DBS], 11 Yorkshire pigs [Y], 10 Berkshire pigs [BKX], 5 Basha pigs [BS] and 1 Warthog).ResultsA total of 2,538,577 SNPs with high quality were detected and 9 candidate genes which was specifically selected in S and shared in S to DBS were precisely mined and screened using an integrated analysis strategy of identity-by-descent (IBD) and selective sweep. Of them, dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 2 (DKK2), the antagonist of Wnt signaling pathway, was the most promising candidate gene which was not only identified an association of palmitic acid and palmitoleic acid quantitative trait locus in PigQTLdb, but also specifically selected in S compared to other 48 Chinese local pigs of 12 populations and 39 foreign pigs of 4 populations. Subsequently, a mutation at 12,726-bp of DKK2 intron 1 (g.114874954 A > C) was identified associated with intramuscular fat content using method of PCR–RFLP in 21 different pig populations. We observed DKK2 specifically expressed in adipose tissues. Overexpression of DKK2 decreased the content of triglyceride, fatty acid synthase and expression of relevant genes of adipogenic and Wnt signaling pathway, while interference of DKK2 got contrary effect during adipogenesis differentiation of porcine preadipocytes and 3T3-L1 cells.ConclusionsOur findings provide an analysis strategy for mining functional genes of important economic traits and provide fundamental data and molecular evidence for improving pig meat quality traits and molecular breeding.

Становление профессиональной идентичности студентов-психологов в зависимости от выраженности их глубинных убеждений

The article analyzes the dynamics of professional identity in psychology students depending on their deep convictions. On a sample of 302 subjects, using the methods of “SEI-test” by E. L. Soldatova, “Crisis Identity Questionnaire”, “Methodology for studying professional identity statuses” by A. A. Abzel, the Rogers-Diamond method and the method of “Diagnostics of irrational attitudes” by A. Ellis, the authors highlight the features of identity formation depending on the severity of deep convictions (Catastrophization, Should-be, Evaluative attitude, Frustration tolerance, etc.). It turned out that the dynamics of identity statuses in general and its professional component are influenced by the Evaluative attitude and General rationality, and the dynamics of the identity crisis - by Catastrophization. The specifics of the influence of deep convictions in first-year and senior students are described. Assumptions are made about the causes of such dynamics and its cofactors.

Supplemental Material for Queer on TV: Using the Minority Stress Model to Explore the Role of LGBQ+ Television Exposure in LGBQ+ Audiences’ Psychological Well-Being and Identity Status

Supplemental Material for Queer on TV: Using the Minority Stress Model to Explore the Role of LGBQ+ Television Exposure in LGBQ+ Audiences’ Psychological Well-Being and Identity Status

The Virtual Identity Status: The Concept and Inventory (VISI)

The objective of the study was to develop and test the methodology to assess virtual identity statuses: identity achieved, moratorium, foreclosure, diffusion. The digital image, mediated by technologies and self-simulated, refers to the virtual identity, but the basis of its psychological mechanism remains unknown. The psychological scientists study the impact of digital experiences on virtual identity, yet no research has been conducted to date that captures the statuses this complex entity. Our study of the virtual identity statuses draws on E. Erikson's conceptualizations of the identity development and provisions of cultural-historical theory. This study applies an originally designed Virtual Identity Status Inventory (VISI). The study also measured: the five broad personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism) and self-determination. The sample comprised 350 students (age range 17 to 25 years; 44.3% men). For data processing, confirmatory factor analyses, Cronbach coefficient alpha, Pear son’s r-test, and Student's t-test were applied in the SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21 programs. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the 2-factor structure of the inventory, formed by the scales “In-Depth Exploration” and “Meaningfulness of Commitment” (χ2/df = 1.17; p = .08; RMSEA = .07; CFI = .93). We modeled these variables into 4 quadrants formed by a 2-axis circumflex integration of scales in 4 virtual identity statuses. We found that male students, who were open to new experiences and high in self-determination, significantly often demonstrated an achieved virtual identity (p < .01). The status of virtual identity was relatively stable during 2 months (φ* = .21). Thus, the VISI is reliable and valid, and can be used as a tool for solving theoretical, empirical, and experimental problems related to identity development in digital space.

Professional identity and its associated psychosocial factors among physicians from standardized residency training programs in China: a national cross-sectional study.

Shortage and high turnover intention rate of physicians are concerning problems in China. Professional identity has been shown as an influential factor for physicians' turnover intention. Enhancing physicians' professional identity in their early phase of career, standardized residency training program (SRTP), may help reduce the turnover rate. This study aimed to investigate the current status of professional identity and explore its associated psychosocial factors among Chinese SRTP trainees, hoping to provide evidence in strengthening the available medical human resources in China. The final sample was comprised of 2,267 Chinese SRTP trainees in this cross-sectional survey conducted from 9 March to 20 March in 2023. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Bivariate analyses and hierarchical multiple linear regression were used to analyze potential associated factors of Chinese SRTP trainees' professional identity. The average score of respondents' professional identity was 47.68 (standard deviation, SD = 8.61). Results from hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis showed that being married (β = 0.066, p < 0.01), having work experience before SRTP (β = 0.036, p < 0.05), being satisfied with annual income (β = 0.062, p < 0.01), psychological distress (β = -0.144, p < 0.001), depersonalization (β = -0.053, p < 0.05), emotional exhaustion (β = -0.380, p < 0.001) and resilience (β = 0.169, p < 0.001) were associated with professional identity (F = 114.301, p < 0.001). All associated factors can explain 41.1% of the variance in professional identity, and individual psychological variables make up a substantial portion (28.6%) of this influence. Individual psychological variables are strongly associated with professional identity. Helping SRTP trainees reduce psychological distress, alleviate burnout and enhance resilience may be effective ways to promote the formation of their professional identity.

Testing exploratory narrative processing as a mechanism of change in identity status processes over 4 years in college-going emerging adults.

We examined the critical task of emerging adulthood-identity development-via analyses of trajectories of identity exploration and commitment over the college years, as well as whether narrative processing of important events during this period served as a mechanism of identity exploration and commitment. We took advantage of a unique and comprehensive longitudinal design, which included 12 waves of data, both quantitative and qualitative assessments, collected over 4 years, on two distinct college campuses in the Northwestern and Northeastern regions of the United States (Wave 1, n = 639; growth models using all waves, n = 251). Analyses for this study were preregistered after data collection was complete. We first examined trajectories of exploration and commitment via the dual-cycle identity model. Second, we examined whether exploratory processing in the narration of future self-defining memories at specific waves predicted changes in exploration and commitment in subsequent waves. Findings indicated that exploration and commitment showed trajectories typically viewed as normative (e.g., increasing adaptive forms of exploration and commitment), although trajectories for those at higher socioeconomic statuses differed by showing more exploration and less commitment. We failed to find evidence that exploratory processing predicted changes in exploration and commitment. Implications include distinctions in measurement and theoretical approaches to the study of identity development, the need for greater understanding of what is developing before theorizing how it develops, and the limitations of what is considered normative without attention to structural constraints, such as social class. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Identity statuses and involvement of Polish secondary school youth in social media use

The formation of a person's identity is a continuous and dynamic process, occurring at every stage of our lives, although the most important and crucial period is adolescence, especially its second phase falling between the ages of 16/17-20. In the light of contemporary research, we know that identity is not a fixed construct, but is subject to dynamic transformations not only during adolescence, but also at subsequent stages of adulthood (Brzezińska &amp; Piotrowski, 2017). Identity formation is subject to various influences, one of which is the use of social media. Therefore an extremely important research task should be the searching for links between young people's identity statuses and their activity on social networks. We know that today's young people use social networks to explore themselves, but also to express themselves. The researchers who undertook this issue were Mannerström et al. (2018). Their studies concerned the dependencies between social media use and identity statuses. There is still not enough empirical research focusing on exploring the relationship between adolescents' engagement in digital activity and their identity formation process. This article presents the results of research into understanding this relationship. In this study was applied a diagnostic survey method. The research consisted of anonymous paper-and-pencil surveys. The study was designed to answer the question of how the identity statuses of the studied adolescents are linked to their excessive use of social media portals. The results confirmed that adolescents who have ruminative exploration identity statuses use social media portals statistically significantly more excessively (harmfully) than students presenting other identity statuses.

Identity exploration of university students in the somatic and material domains: the mediating role of conspicuous consumption

PurposeThis paper is determined to examine the role of body image and materialism in predicting the identity exploration of university students when conspicuous consumption is a mediator variable.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a quantitative method. Data were collected from students of three federal universities in Nigeria. The sample size was 331. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect data and analysis was performed using the partial least squares structural equation modelling.FindingsFindings reveal that materialism has a negative association in predicting the identity exploration of students. At the same time, there was a significant full and partial mediating effect of conspicuous consumption on the relationship between body image and materialism on identity exploration, respectively.Research limitations/implicationsThe study provides valuable information for parents in understanding how conspicuous consumption may influence their children’s identity formation. The findings can also be helpful for educators in the design of discussions and interventions for students on the social-psychological antecedents of conspicuous consumption and identity exploration. Government and regulatory agencies can use the study’s findings to shape student financial literacy and consumer protection policies.Originality/valueThis study makes both theoretical and methodological contributions to the existing literature. It provided concrete empirical evidence establishing a subtle connection between the symbolic self-completion theory and the identity status paradigm. It is also amongst the first single research conducted within the scope of these two theories in the Nigerian higher education context.

Identity: Virtual or Real?

What happens to a person’s identity when they dive into the virtual world, joining online communities or being active on the Internet otherwise? Does the identity remain the same or does something new arise? We would like to answer this question in this article by considering the concept and statuses of virtual identity — a technologically mediated image of the “I”, modeled by the user himself in a virtual environment, in relation to the user’s personality. For this purpose, we used an original questionnaire which was developed by us to assess the status of virtual identity among 268 students aged 17 to 24 years. The materials of the article form the basis for future psychological studies of identity in the digital space.

IDENTITY STATUS AND ANXIETY IN ARTISTICALLY GIFTED ADOLESCENTS AND GRAMMAR SCHOOL STUDENTS

During adolescence, a young person often faces various developmental crises, increased anxiety, as well as a fluctuating experience of their own identity. Adolescents, as a very heterogeneous group, are nevertheless connected by similar crises they go through, and often by the insecurity of their own identity. The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between anxiety and identity status in two groups of high school students – artistically gifted students and grammar school students, as well as to examine the differences between these groups in terms of analyzed characteristics. The sample was convenient and consisted of 173 respondents (nmale = 45, nfemale = 128), aged 16 to 18 years (M = 16.70, SD = 1.06). A total of 49.7 percent of the respondents attend secondary art schools, while the remaining respondents (50.3%) are grammar school students. The Modified Marcia Identity Questionnaire and the Anxiety Inventory Form – Y were used in this research. The results show that art school students achieve significantly higher scores than grammar school students on the anxiety dimension (t(171) = 4.92; p &lt; 0.05) and lower values on the identity foreclosure dimension (t(171) = -3.01; p &lt; . 05). Anxiety and identity statuses diffusion and moratorium correlate in both groups of respondents. In grammar school students, identity foreclosure correlates with identity diffusion. It can be concluded that grammar school students who achieve higher scores on identity status, identity foreclosure, avoid the unpleasant state of anxiety and thus search less for answers related to their identity and values. However, although they thereby reduce the experience of anxiety, their identity still remains somewhat vague and diffused.