Identity Approach Research Articles

How Identity Impacts Bystander Responses to Workplace Mistreatment.

Integrating a social identity approach with Cortina's (2008) theorizing about selective incivility as modern discrimination, we examine how identification-with an organization, with one's gender, and as a feminist-shapes bystanders' interpretations and responses to witnessed incivility (i.e., interpersonal acts of disrespect) and selective incivility (i.e., incivility motivated by targets' social group membership) toward women at work. We propose that bystanders with stronger organizational identification are less likely to perceive incivility toward female colleagues as discrimination and intervene, but female bystanders with stronger gender identification are more likely to do so. Results from two-wave field data in a cross-lagged panel design (Study 1, N = 336) showed that organizational identification negatively predicted observed selective incivility 1 year later but revealed no evidence of an effect of female bystanders' gender identification. We replicated and extended these results with a vignette experiment (Study 2, N = 410) and an experimental recall study (Study 3, N = 504). Findings revealed a "dark side" of organizational identification: strongly identified bystanders were less likely to perceive incivility as discrimination, but there were again no effects of women's gender identification. Study 3 also showed that bystander feminist identification increased intervention via perceived discrimination. These results raise doubts that female bystanders are more sensitive to recognizing other women's mistreatment as discrimination, but more strongly identified feminists (male or female) were more likely to intervene. Although strongly organizationally identified bystanders were more likely to overlook women's mistreatment, they were also more likely to intervene once discrimination was apparent.

A Narrative Identity Approach to Understanding Meaning-making in Summer Camp Employment

Summer camp is a common seasonal employment setting for emerging adults in North America (American Camp Association, 2016), and although scholars have suggested that camp can be a developmental setting for youth participants (e.g., Garst et al., 2009), far less is known about camp as a developmental employment setting that supports emerging adults’ identity development (Johnson et al., 2011; Povilaitis & Sibthorp, 2022; Warner, Godwin, et al., 2021). Using narrative identity as a theoretical framework, the purpose of this study was to understand if there were differences in evidence of identity-salient meaning-making between emerging adults’ accounts of camp employment and non-camp employment, as well as examine the developmental characteristics of camp employment linked to how emerging adults make meaning about these experiences. To this end, one narrative about camp employment and one narrative about non-camp employment were collected from emerging adults who had worked at least one summer at a camp (N = 67). The results suggested there was more complex meaning-making in participants’ camp employment narratives compared to their non-camp employment narratives. The results also revealed that when participants reported having supportive coworkers and feeling they made a difference their narratives contained more evidence of meaning-making than the narratives of participants that did not report these characteristics. The results provide support for camp employment as a developmental setting by identifying characteristics linked to the meaning emerging adults draw from their experiences working in this setting. Camp administrators may use these results as evidence of the potential non-monetary value of camp employment. Further, these results suggest that when emerging adult staff perceive their camp employment as having a supportive social environment and providing them opportunities to make a difference, the seasonal employment experience is more likely to become an experience that supports their development. These key findings can be used to communicate the value of camp employment to potential employees and those advising them, such as parents or mentors; further, increasing the perceived value of camp employment amongst current staff members only serves to bolster the advocacy for camp work as a developmental setting.

IDEOLOGICAL BIASES IN TRANSLATING THE QUR’AN: AN ANALYSIS STUDY OF AL-QUR’AN TARJAMAH TAFSIRIYAH BY MUHAMMAD THALIB

This paper examines the translation of the Qur’an in Indonesia, which is a sign of the interaction of Muslims in Indonesia with the Holy Scriptures, which is not limited to reading and studying it in the original Arabic pronunciation. Like the interpretation of the Qur’an, which is full of dynamics, the translation also touches on the realm of polemics that attract the attention of adherents from different circles. The polemic in question can be found among the long historical translation buildings. In this study, the author chooses Al-Qur’an Tarjamah Tafsiriyah by Muhammad Thalib, in which the ideological bias of his organizational group is indicated. Is there an ideological bias produced by Muhammad Thalib in his translation work? This study attempts to answer the above questions using a qualitative method based on library research, with a social identity approach and critical discourse analysis as its formal object. In addition, this study will use the hermeneutical analysis offered by Sahiron Syamsudin. In addition, the method used in this qualitative research is content analysis to analyze the results of Muhammad Thalib's translation, leading to a narrative justification of his ideology. Finally, this research resulted in a conclusion that the results of Muhammad Thalib’s translation of the Qur’an in the form of Al-Qur’an Tarjamah Tafsiriyah in it are indeed many translations that have an interest in defending his organizational group, MMI (Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia), which adheres to the ideological ideology of Islamism which departs from the view of integral Islam and is an incarnation of the reproduction of Islamic Revivalism and Neo-revivalism which tends to be traditional and conservative as found in the Wahhabiyah, Ikhanul Muslimin, and Jemaah Islamiyyah movements in the Thaliban

DYNAMICS OF MONETARY POLICY IMPACT ON INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING: INSIGHTS FROM THE PAKISTAN STOCK EXCHANGE

This study explores heterochthonous monetary shocks' effect on the initial public offering market, employing excessive-frequency identity approach. Saengchote and Sthienchoak (2020) databank include 190 SBP official statement between 2001 and 2020. Modifications in 3-months fed futures, which can be negatively associated with Standard and Poor 500 within thirty-min window (15-minutes earlier, 15-minutes later) immediate SBP official statements, are categorized as traditional shocks. Contractionary shocks within the traditional logic cause a drop in the initial public offering undertaking. Opposed to, contractionary shocks that deliver the influential financial facts generate an upward thrust in initial public offering task. The setting apart traditional monetary shocks from state financial institution statistics shocks permits an ironic evaluation of monetary policies affecting initial public offering market. This study has added two major points to literature as it shows that monetary policy has impartial role in determining initial public offering market, also research shows that informational effect of financial shocks is as essential such as traditional effect in upsetting the initial public offering goings-on.

The Statutory Model of Energy Performance Contracting as a Means of Improving Energy Efficiency in Public Sector Units as Seen in the Example of Polish Legal Policies

The intensification of the EU’s institutional action to ensure an appropriate level of energy efficiency demonstrates the key role of pro-saving measures and energy efficiency measures to achieve a climate-neutral economy by 2050. Achieving this goal is therefore also possible through energy performance contracting (EPC), which enables specialised entities called energy service companies (ESCOs) to operate in the market. The creation of an appropriate and favourable framework at the EU level for the use of EPCs does not imply an identical approach by all individual member states. For this reason, the domestic policy of one member state, Poland, was contrasted with the EU framework. Under the influence of the EU guidelines and regulations, the EPC legislations in Poland was amended. This provided a reason to analyse the importance of legal factors (conditions) in implementing the EPC model, especially from the perspective of public institutions. In light of the above, it was attempted to show whether legal regulations would be sufficient to increase the number and level of ESCO projects in public sector units and whether they would remove the barriers to EPC development that are seen in public–private partnerships and the impact of obligations under an energy efficiency improvement agreement on the level of government debt or public finance sector deficit. This paper adopts research methods that are typical to studying EPC topics; however, the research conducted here is theoretical (descriptive analysis) and of dogmatic legal in nature.

Welcome to Our (Divided) Team

Abstract: Since team colleagues and leaders are the first points of contact for organizational newcomers, they could play an important role in newcomers’ socialization success. On the basis of the social identity approach and signaling theory, we expect perceived subgroups in the team and leader–member exchange (LMX), respectively, to predict socialization outcomes (i. e., social integration, organizational attractiveness, intentions to remain). Furthermore, we expect psychological safety to mediate these processes. We conducted a two-wave field study ( N = 56 interns) and an experimental vignette study ( N = 144 students). Results showed perceived subgroups (only in Study 2) and LMX to be related to socialization outcomes. Study 2 showed these relationships to be mediated by psychological safety. Thus, newcomers’ perceptions of their team and leader may be important in determining whether newcomers feel integrated and perceive their organization as attractive to remain in. Human resources practitioners should make organizational insiders aware of their role in newcomer socialization.

Consumer‐brand identification and happiness in experiential consumption

AbstractAlthough the marketing literature has extensively studied consumer‐brand identification, scholars have not fully explored its well‐being benefits. Drawing from the social identity approach and the bottom‐up theory of subjective well‐being, we examine how consumer‐brand identification can be a source of happiness in experiential consumption settings. We conduct two studies to test the proposed research model. In Study 1, results from 322 fans of a professional football team show that consumer happiness positively mediates the association between consumer‐brand identification and overall happiness. We subsequently conduct a partial‐least‐square multigroup analysis with three groups (nonpurchase, one‐time‐purchase, and repeat‐purchase) based on purchase frequency during the season. The results reveal that the path coefficient between consumer‐brand identification and consumer happiness is stronger in the one‐time‐purchase group than in the nonpurchase group. In Study 2, we reexamine the proposed model while accounting for the effects of core product quality. Results from 500 fans of a professional baseball team support Study 1's findings. Overall, our findings add to the knowledge surrounding the well‐being benefits of consumer‐brand identification and demonstrate the role of experiential consumption in facilitating happiness.

Interpreting the Russian Way of War. Comparative Analysis of Soviet Military Operations with Phase I Russian Operations in Ukraine

The following paper provides a comparative analysis of Soviet military operations in Czechoslovakia and Afghanistan and Phase I Russian operations in Ukraine. The principal object of analysis is the employment of military force within the Soviet and later Russian military operational art outside of large-scale doctrinal conventional warfare. The principal thesis of the paper revolves around providing adequate evidence for two core postulations – the Soviet and later Russian militaries have historically relied in the case of escalation and use of conventional military force on the “military operation” as a method to utilise said military force in a low-intensity, non-kinetic approach where large-scale conventional land forces, in combination with airborne and special forces, would rapidly overwhelm an adversary’s military and civilian capabilities to offer resistance; first-phase Russian operations in Ukraine in 2022 followed the provided historical model, encompassing all elements and methods previously employed, but were unable to repeat Soviet successes, failing due to a variety of factors, which had previously worked in favour of the Soviet military, but were not sufficiently present or counteracted. The paper conducts a comparative analysis by synthesising the key elements, which make up the matrix of a given “military operation” – political goals, military objectives, preparation and execution, and applies them in each of the three case studies – Czechoslovakia, Afghanistan and Ukraine. By analysing each of these elements, the paper provides proof of the identical approaches used by the Soviet/Russian militaries and also its subsequent conclusions on the inability of the Russian military to achieve success in Ukraine.

Vocational Choice: A Narrative Identity Approach Conceived from Cultural Psychology

Vocation has been studied from perspectives such as trait-factor, differential psychology, and psychometrics. These perspectives have assumed it to be the precursor of a unique and definitive career choice, resulting from matching personal characteristics with the requirements of a job. Vocation has also been conceptualized as the product of evolutionary stages, dependent on maturational processes. However, the changing conditions of the contemporary world of work make it necessary to reconsider vocationality from a dynamic perspective that transcends the exclusively psychometric view. This article proposes an alternative approach to vocation, based on the processes of identity construction propose by cultural psychology. Thus, vocation is assumed as a process of a narrative nature, in constant formation, based on the symbolic resources with which people interact. Vocationality emerges as a historical, situated, and distributed phenomenon, marked by occupational and educational experiences, as well as by interactive experiences with significant others.

Interpretarea modului rusesc de a duce războiul – analiză comparativă între operațiunile militare sovietice și Faza I a operațiunilor rusești în Ucraina –

The following paper provides a comparative analysis of Soviet military operations in Czechoslovakia and Afghanistan and Phase I Russian operations in Ukraine. The principal object of analysis is the employment of military force within the Soviet and later Russian military operational art outside of large-scale doctrinal conventional warfare. The principal thesis of the paper revolves around providing adequate evidence for two core postulations – the Soviet and later Russian militaries have historically relied in the case of escalation and use of conventional military force on the “military operation” as a method to utilise said military force in a low-intensity, non-kinetic approach where large-scale conventional land forces, in combination with airborne and special forces, would rapidly overwhelm an adversary’s military and civilian capabilities to offer resistance; first-phase Russian operations in Ukraine in 2022 followed the provided historical model, encompassing all elements and methods previously employed, but were unable to repeat Soviet successes, failing due to a variety of factors, which had previously worked in favour of the Soviet military, but were not sufficiently present or counteracted. The paper conducts a comparative analysis by synthesising the key elements, which make up the matrix of a given “military operation” – political goals, military objectives, preparation and execution, and applies them in each of the three case studies – Czechoslovakia, Afghanistan and Ukraine. By analysing each of these elements, the paper provides proof of the identical approaches used by the Soviet/Russian militaries and also its subsequent conclusions on the inability of the Russian military to achieve success in Ukraine.

The Dynamic Context of Transformations through Crowds and Collective Action

Abstract: Historically, social psychologists have conceptualized the crowd and its members as mindless and irrational. More recent research has emphasized the crowd as an agentic space that offers both emergence and endurance of psychological transformations, as related to social identity. Using a social identity approach, models have taken the social context (inter- and intragroup interaction) into account to explain transformations through crowd participation. We argue for the need to include wider contextual dimensions (including physical, political, and economic) to understand crowd participation and transformative dynamics through collective action across geographical, ideological, and state contexts.

Considerations to engage a funds of identity approach as a vehicle toward epistemic justice in educational settings

This conceptual article argues that not only are agency and imagination key concepts in the funds of identity work, but that they are a compelling vehicle toward epistemic justice through envisioned futures. We summarize sociocultural perspectives of imagination and agency as emerging processes within a funds of identity approach and make visible the ways these evolved into future visions of epistemic justice. We illustrate three cases that engaged participants' funds of identity through creative mediating strategies that exemplify and characterize these connections in practice across different educational settings and participants. The funds of identity approaches used in each case were intentional in fostering imagination and agency to envision more equitable and alternative future possibilities. We conclude by presenting five considerations to facilitate engaging a funds of identity approach toward epistemic justice in educational contexts. These considerations are: 1) use mediational devices to support engaging imagination, agency, and aspirational funds of identity, 2) create spaces of trust and safety, 3) examine history and power within the context, 4) be open to exploring dark and invisible funds of identity, and 5) support educators in linking curriculum to student funds of identity.

Support for religious minorities' rights among (non)religious national majority group members: A motivational approach to worldviews

AbstractIncreasing religious diversity caused by immigration is often perceived as a threat to national majority members' (non)religious worldviews. However, defensive reactions to diversity are not inevitable. Building on the social identity approach and motivated identity construction theory, we argue that (non)religious worldviews that satisfy motivational needs may promote support for religious minorities' rights. We tested this hypothesis in a sample of 1,499 national majority group members in four countries with Christian traditions (Australia, Finland, Germany, and Norway). Participants reported their adherence to a (non)religious worldview in terms of their (dis)belief in God, and also the extent to which their worldview satisfied their needs for belonging, continuity, and meaning in life. The more religious worldview was perceived to satisfy these motives, the more religious majority group members supported religious minorities' rights. Worldview motive satisfaction was not associated with support for religious minorities' rights among the non‐religious. In addition, perceived diversity threat was associated with weaker support for minority rights, but again, this negative effect of threat was less evident among religious participants whose religious worldview satisfied their needs for belonging, continuity, and meaning. We conclude that communities based on a shared (religious) worldview should invest in fulfilling the motivational needs of their members, to foster interreligious solidarity. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.

Psychological outcomes of local heritage engagement: Participation in community archeological excavations increases well‐being, self‐efficacy, and perceived community support

AbstractThere is evidence that engagement with tangible heritage is linked to improvements in well‐being. However, experimental tests of this association, as well as theoretical accounts explaining this relationship, are lacking. The present study aims to compensate for this gap by developing a theoretical framework based on the social identity approach that explains the effect of community‐based heritage engagement on well‐being, and testing this effect in a quasi‐experimental field study in the context of community test pit archeological excavations. In line with the predictions, the results demonstrate that excavation participants (but not participants in the control condition) report improvements on a number of psychological outcomes after (as compared to before) participation in a 2‐day excavation program (including well‐being, self‐efficacy, and perceived community support). The findings offer implications for community‐based approaches to enhancing well‐being, as well as the practice of conducting community‐based archeological excavations.

Information sharing and support among residents in response to fire incidents in high-rise residential buildings

Understanding how people respond in the first moments of fire incidents is crucial for emergency planning and preparedness, and disasters such as the Grenfell Tower fire show that much work is needed to ensure safety for residents of high-rise residential buildings. This research applied the social identity approach to emergencies to explore how group dynamics impact resident behaviour in high-rise building fire incidents. We conducted 16 semi-structured focus group interviews with 40 residents of UK high-rise buildings to explore how they had responded or would respond to a fire in their building. Using reflexive thematic analysis, we found that group processes underpinned who residents looked to for information about the fire and whose views were trusted when deciding response. Collective self-organisation among residents instead of immediately following the safety guidance for the building was a recurring theme across the focus groups. Most residents reported that they would provide and expect help from other residents to evacuate, including relying on others to inform them if evacuation was needed. However, residents who felt there was little social connection among the residents anticipated they would not receive help in the event of a fire, and immediate threat to self also limited the help some felt they were able to provide. We find support for the social identity approach to emergency response in a novel context of high-rise residential buildings and foreground the importance of group processes for fire safety guidance.

Dissonance within the social self: exploring the effects of norm conflict between ingroups

ABSTRACT Most people are members of different groups. While the norms of these groups can align, they can also be contradicting, leading to dissonance within the social self. This is different from dissonance at the individual level because it is based solely on individuals’ membership in ingroups with conflicting norms. Building on the Social Identity Approach and Cognitive Dissonance Theory, we assume that norm conflict between ingroups increases psychological discomfort, particularly for people who are highly identified with both ingroups. Norm conflict was manipulated by showing participants the results of bogus surveys, indicating that their ingroups agree or disagree (in Experiment 1 on the topic of self-driving cars; in Experiment 2 on how to act in a moral dilemma). We tested several strategies to cope with norm conflict between ingroups, namely, lowering the credibility of the norm conflict information and/or norm prototypicality (Exp. 1 & 2), disidentification (Exp. 1), as well as compartmentalization and the restorative function of agentic groups (Exp. 2). In line with our assumptions, results indicated that norm conflict between ingroups led to increased psychological discomfort in Experiment 1 (N = 870) and Experiment 2 (N = 812). This was not moderated by the two ingroup identification levels. The results of Experiment 1 indicated that lowering perceived prototypicality of the norms was a coping strategy for high identifiers. No effects emerged for other coping strategies. Both experiments show evidence of dissonance within the social self and highlight the necessity for further examinations of its consequences and boundary conditions.

Social identification and risk dynamics: How perceptions of (inter)personal and collective risk impact the adoption of COVID-19 preventative behaviors.

Public adoption of preventative behaviors to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 is crucial to managing the pandemic, and so it is vital to determine what factors influence the uptake of those behaviors. Previous studies have identified COVID-19 risk perceptions as a key factor, but this work has typically been limited both in assuming that risk means risk to the personal self, and in being reliant on self-reported data. Drawing on the social identity approach, we conducted two online studies in which we investigated the effects of two different types of risk on preventative measure taking: risk to the personal self and risk to the collective self (i.e., members of a group with which one identifies). Both studies involved behavioral measures using innovative interactive tasks. In Study 1 (n=199; data collected 27 May 2021), we investigated the effects of (inter)personal and collective risk on physical distancing. In Study 2 (n=553; data collected 20 September 2021), we investigated the effects of (inter)personal and collective risk on the speed at which tests are booked as COVID-19 symptoms develop. In both studies, we find that perceptions of collective risk, but not perceptions of (inter)personal risk, influence the extent to which preventative measures are adopted. We discuss the implications both conceptually (as they relate to both the conceptualization of risk and social identity processes) and also practically (in terms of the implications for public health communications).

Helping in times of crisis: Examining the social identity and wellbeing impacts of volunteering duringCOVID‐19

AbstractCOVID‐19 produced the largest mass mobilisation of collective helping in a generation. Currently, the impact of this voluntary activity is not well understood, particularly for specific groups of volunteers (e.g., new vs. existing) and for different amounts of voluntary activity. Drawing on social psychological work on collective helping, and work from the Social Identity Approach to Health, we seek to address this gap through an analysis of survey data from 1,001 adults living in the south of England (333 men; 646 women; age range = 16–85) during the first UK lockdown. Measures included time spent volunteering pre‐/post‐COVID, community identification, subjective wellbeing, and volunteering intentions. Those who volunteered during COVID‐19 reported higher levels of community identification than those who did not. However, subjective wellbeing benefits were only found for those volunteers who maintained the same level of volunteering (in terms of time) pre‐and post‐COVID lockdown. New volunteers showed significantly lower levels of wellbeing when they were undertaking 5 or more hours of volunteering a week. Our findings provide unique insight into the variable relationship with wellbeing for different groups of volunteers, as well as how the experiences and functioning of ‘crisis’ volunteering are different from volunteering during ‘normal’ times.

Why West African states do not go to war with each other: ‘Pan-West Africanism’ and constructivist international relations

ABSTRACT Realism and liberalism theories have had the most significant influence on the analyses for international relations. While the theories have proven useful in enriching understanding of complex situations at the regional level, both are insufficient in explaining the absence of violent inter-state conflicts in West Africa. This article argues that realism and liberalism cannot explain the absence of inter-state conflicts in West Africa. Instead, constructivism offers a more useful explanation by focusing on the values that define state relations. The principle of non-aggression and peaceful settlement of disputes appear more pronounced among the states and define their relations. Adherence to these norms has led to the emergence of a collective identity and a security community among the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) states. The common identity and non-violent approach of the states towards each other is founded on the values of ‘Pan-West Africanism’ that advocates West African unity, brotherliness and solidarity. Pan-West Africanism reinforces a consciousness of a commonly shared colonial history and the construction of a post-colonial victim identity and oppressed members of the international community that requires mutual cooperation devoid of violence.

Towards a Catalogue of Self-Sovereign Identity Design Patterns

Self-sovereign identity (SSI) is a user-centric, decentralised identity approach that provides a means for identification, authentication, and authorisation without the involvement of external entities, responsible for identity provisioning and management in current centralised and federated approaches. In general, the basic building blocks of an SSI system include decentralised identifiers, verifiable credentials, identity wallets, a verifiable data registry, and three main actors: issuer, identity holder, and verifier. Even though the SSI field is dominated by proposals, SSI systems can be implemented in different ways, which is reflected in the absence of a well-defined architecture. Thus, the best implementation is still a matter of research, the requirements of the individual system, and its field of application. However, well-designed and implemented systems are crucial to avoiding failures, speeding up the development process, ensuring high quality, and the broader adoption of SSI solutions. Hence, the main objective of this study was to identify design patterns and good practices of the SSI ecosystems by reviewing and analysing the literature, technical documentation, and existing SSI implementations. Therefore, the study is built on existing knowledge, and presents a comprehensive catalogue of thirty-five SSI design patterns that can serve as a starting point for a possible SSI system design.