Identifier CCRI Research Articles

Results of an international comparison of activity measurements of 68Ge

An international key comparison, identifier CCRI(II)-K2.Ge-68, has been performed. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) served as the pilot laboratory, distributing aliquots of a 68Ge/68Ga solution. Results for the activity concentration, CA, of 68Ge at a reference date of 12h00 UTC 14 November 2014 were submitted by 17 laboratories, encompassing many variants of coincidence methods and liquid-scintillation counting methods. The first use of 4π(Cherenkov)β-γ coincidence and anticoincidence methods in an international comparison is reported. One participant reported results by secondary methods only. Two results, both utilizing pure liquid-scintillation methods, were identified as outliers. Evaluation using the Power-Moderated Mean method results in a proposed Comparison Reference Value (CRV) of 621.7(11)kBqg−1, based on 14 results. The degrees of equivalence and their associated uncertainties are evaluated for each participant. Several participants submitted 3.6mL ampoules to the BIPM to link the comparison to the International Reference System (SIR) which may lead to the evaluation of a Key Comparison Reference Value and associated degrees of equivalence.

Report of the CCRI comparison CCRI(II)-K2.Lu-177

An international key comparison of 177Lu was performed in 2009, with identifier CCRI(II)-K2.Lu-177. A total of twelve laboratories performed assays for radioactivity content on aliquots of a common master solution of 177Lu, leading to eleven results submitted for entry into the Key Comparison Database. A proposed Comparison Reference Value was calculated to be 3.288(5) MBq g−1 using all eleven results. Preliminary degrees of equivalence were calculated for each reporting laboratory based on the Comparison Reference Value. The Key Comparison Reference Value and final degrees of equivalence will be calculated from the data contained herein and data from measurements made in the International Reference System (SIR) held at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM).Main text.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Activity measurements of a suite of radionuclides (241Am, 239,240Pu, 238Pu, 238U, 234U, 235U, 232Th, 230Th, 228Th, 228Ra, 137Cs, 210Pb, 90Sr and 40K) in biota reference material (Ocean Shellfish): CCRI(II)-S3

In 2005, the CCRI decided that a comparison undertaken from 2002 to 2008 by the NIST (under the auspices of the Inter-America Metrology System [SIM]) in the development of a new biota (Ocean Shellfish) standard reference material (SRM) was sufficiently well constructed that it could be converted into a supplementary comparison under CCRI(II), with comparison identifier CCRI(II)-S3. This would enable the comparison to be used to support calibration and measurement capability (CMC) claims for radionuclide measurements in reference materials (specifically, animal-based organic materials). Previous comparisons of radionuclides have been of single or multiple nuclides in non-complex matrices and results of such could not be extended to support capabilities to measure the same nuclides in reference materials. The results of this comparison have been used to determine the certified reference value of the SRM. The key comparison working group (KCWG) of the CCRI(II) has approved this approach as a mechanism to link all the results to certified 'reference values' in lieu of the key comparison reference value (KCRV) of these specified radionuclides in this type of matrix (shellfish) so as to support CMCs of similar materials submitted by the present participants.Main text.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Activity measurements of a suite of radionuclides (90Sr, 137Cs, 210Pb, 210Po, 228Ra, 234U, 235U, 238U, 238Pu, 239,240Pu) in soil reference material (Rocky Flats II): CCRI(II)-S2

In 2005, the CCRI decided that a comparison undertaken from 2002 to 2007 by the NIST (SIM) in the development of a new soil (Rocky Flats II) standard reference material (SRM) was sufficiently well constructed that it could be converted into a supplementary comparison under CCRI(II), with comparison identifier CCRI(II)-S2, so as to support calibration and measurement capability (CMC) claims for radionuclide measurements in reference material (specifically, low calcium-content soils). Previous comparisons of radionuclides have been of single or multiple nuclides in non-complex matrices and results of such could not be extended to support capabilities to measure the same nuclides in reference materials. The results of this comparison have been reported to the participants, and have been used to determine the certified reference value of the SRM. The key comparison working group (KCWG) of the CCRI(II) has approved this approach as a mechanism to link all the results to certified 'reference values' in lieu of the key comparison reference value (KCRV) of these specified radionuclides in this type of matrix (soil) so as to support CMCs of similar materials.Main text.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report.Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI Section II, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).

Activity measurements of a suite of radionuclides (40K, 137Cs, 210Pb, 210Po, 228Ra, 232Th, 234U, 235U, 238U, 238Pu, 239Pu, 239+240Pu, 241Am) in vegetal reference material (seaweed)

In 2005, the CCRI decided that a comparison undertaken from 2002 to 2005 by the NIST (SIM) in the development of a new seaweed standard reference material (SRM) was sufficiently well constructed that it could be converted into a supplementary comparison under CCRI(II), with comparison identifier CCRI(II)-S1, so as to support calibration and measurement capability (CMC) claims for radionuclide measurements in reference material (specifically, plant material). Previous comparisons of radionuclides have been of single or multiple nuclides in non-complex matrices and results of such could not be extended to support capabilities to measure the same nuclides in reference materials. The results of this comparison have been reported to the participants, and were also used to determine the certified reference values of the SRM. The key comparison working group (KCWG) of the CCRI(II) has approved this approach as a mechanism to link all the results to the certified 'reference values' in lieu of the key comparison reference value (KCRV) of these specified radionuclides in this type of matrix (vegetative) so as to support CMCs of similar materials.Main text.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report.Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI Section II, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).

Report of the CIPM Key Comparison CCRI(II)-K2.Y-90

An international comparison of the pure β-emitter 90Y has been performed recently, with comparison identifier, CCRI(II)-K2.Y-90. A total of eight laboratories performed assays for radioactivity content on aliquots of a common master solution of 90Y prepared by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The average activity concentration of the solution measured by the laboratories was 8664 kBq g-1; u = 4 kBq g-1 at a reference time of 0 h UTC 1 November 2003. Using this value as the key comparison reference value, degrees of equivalence and their associated uncertainties have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a matrix for the eight participants. A graphical presentation is also given.Main text. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by Section II of the Consultative Committee for Ionizing Radiation (CCRI(II)), according to the provisions of the Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).

Comparisons CCRI(II)-K3.F-18 and APMP.RI(II)-K3.F-18 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 18F and links to the key comparison reference value of the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.F-18 comparison

In 2003, the CCRI(II) decided that an indirect comparison of 18F measurements piloted by the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), UK in 2001 was sufficiently well constructed that it could be converted into a CCRI(II) comparison, with comparison identifier CCRI(II)-K3.F-18. At the same time, the pilot laboratory made a bilateral comparison with the institute in Chinese Taipei, comparison identifier APMP.RI(II)-K3.F-18. The results of the comparisons have been reported and the key comparison working group (KCWG) of the CCRI(II) has approved the mechanism to link all the results to the key comparison reference value (KCRV) of 18F. The KCRV has been determined through the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), with comparison identifier BIPM.RI(II)-K1.F-18. These comparisons have enabled a further four results to be added to the matrix of degrees of equivalence for 18F activity measurements.Main text. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by Section II of the Consultative Committee for Ionizing Radiation (CCRI(II)), according to the provisions of the Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).

BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Eu-152 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 152Eu and links for the international comparison CCRI(II)-K2.Eu-152

Since 1981, nine national metrology institutes (NMIs) have submitted 16 samples of known activity of 152Eu to the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The activities ranged from about 160 kBq to 18 MBq. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR and the key comparison reference value (KCRV) have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a matrix. A graphical presentation is also given. The results of a CCRI(II) comparison held in 1999 for this radionuclide are linked to the BIPM comparison for 22 participants through individual measurements of the comparison ampoules in the SIR. This has enabled eight NMIs to update their earlier SIR results and another 12 NMIs, an international laboratory and the BIPM to have degrees of equivalence in the key comparison database (KCDB), comparison identifier CCRI(II)-K2.Eu-152.Main text.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report.Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by Section II of the Consultative Committee for Ionizing Radiation (CCRI(II)), comparison identifier BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Eu-152, according to the provisions of the Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).

BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Ir-192 of the activity measurements of the radionuclide 192Ir and links for the international comparison CCRI(II)-K2.Ir-192

Since 1979, nine national metrology institutes (NMIs) and an international laboratory have submitted 16 samples of known activity of 192Ir to the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), with comparison identifier BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Ir-192. The activities ranged from about 0.4 MBq to 4.2 MBq. The degrees of equivalence, between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR and the key comparison reference value (KCRV), have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a matrix for three laboratories. A graphical presentation is also given. The results of a CCRI(II) comparison held in 2002 for this radionuclide, with comparison identifier CCRI(II)-K2.Ir-192 are linked to the BIPM comparison through individual measurements of the comparison ampoules in the SIR. This has enabled six NMIs and one international laboratory to update their earlier SIR results, and another eight NMIs and the BIPM to have degrees of equivalence in the key comparison database (KCDB). Consequently, the enlarged matrix and graphical presentation are for 19 laboratories in total.Main text.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report.Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by Section II of the Consultative Committee for Ionizing Radiation (CCRI(II)), according to the provisions of the Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).

BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Se-75 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 75Se and links for the international comparison CCRI(II)-K2.Se-75

Since 1976, seven national metrology institutes (NMIs) and an international organization have submitted 20 samples of known activity of 75Se to the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), with comparison identifier BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Se-75. The activities ranged from about 1.4 MBq to 15 MBq. The results of a CCRI(II) comparison held in 1992 for this radionuclide, with comparison identifier CCRI(II)-K2.Se-75, are linked to the BIPM comparison for 18 participants through individual measurements of the comparison ampoules in the SIR. This has enabled six NMIs to update their earlier SIR results and another 11 NMIs and the BIPM to have degrees of equivalence in the key comparison database (KCDB). The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR and the key comparison reference value (KCRV) have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a matrix for 18 NMIs and the BIPM. A graphical presentation is also given.Main text.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report.Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by Section II of the Consultative Committee for Ionizing Radiation (CCRI(II)), according to the provisions of the Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).

BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Cd-109 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 109Cd and links for the 1986 international comparison CCRI(II)-K2.Cd-109

Since 1978, seven national metrology institutes (NMI), the BIPM and another laboratory have submitted twenty samples of known activity of 109Cd to the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. The activities ranged from about 2.5 MBq to 210 MBq. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR and the key comparison reference value (KCRV) have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a matrix for four NMIs and the BIPM. A graphical presentation is also given.The results of a CCRI international comparison, identifier CCRI(II)-K2.Cd-109 held in 1986 that have been approved for provisional equivalence for this radionuclide, have been linked to the SIR results. This has enabled three NMIs to update their results and a further eight NMIs and one international laboratory, the IRMM, to be linked to the SIR.Main text.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report.Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPMkey comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publicationby Section II of the Consultative Committee for Ionizing Radiation (CCRI(II)), comparison identifier BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Cd-109, according to theprovisions of the Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).

BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Cs-134 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 134Cs and links for the 1978 international comparison CCRI(II)-K2.Cs-134

Since 1976, 13 national metrology institutes (NMIs) and three other laboratories have submitted 29 samples of known activity of 134Cs to the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. The activities ranged from about 0.2 MBq to 4.3 MBq. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR and the key comparison reference value (KCRV) have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a matrix for nine NMIs and the BIPM. A graphical presentation is also given.The results of a CCRI international comparison, identifier CCRI(II)-K2.Cs-134 held in 1978 that have been approved for provisional equivalence for this radionuclide, have been linked to the SIR results. This has enabled three NMIs to update their results and a further ten NMIs and one international laboratory, the IRMM, to be linked to the SIR.Main text.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publicationby Section II of the Consultative Committee for Ionizing Radiation(CCRI(II)), comparison identifier BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Cs-134, according to theprovisions of the Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).

CCRI comparison CCRI(II)-K2.I-125 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 125I

In 1988, an international comparison of 125I activity measurementswas organized by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures for the Consultative Committee for Ionizing Radiation Section II (CCRI(II)).Nineteen laboratories took part in this comparison and the details and results have been published elsewhere. The degrees of equivalence between eachlaboratory and the key comparison referencevalue (KCRV) have now been calculated and the results are given in the formof a matrix for 16 laboratories. A graphical presentation is also given.Main text.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report.Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPMkey comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publicationby Section II of the Consultative Committee for Ionizing Radiation(CCRI(II)), comparison identifier CCRI(II)-K2.I-125, according to theprovisions of the Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).

BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Ba-133 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 133Ba and links for the 1984 international comparison CCRI(II)-K2.Ba-133

Since 1977, fourteen national metrology institutes and three other laboratories have submitted 33 samples of known activity of 133Ba to theInternational Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at theBureau International des Poids et Mesures. The activities ranged fromabout 0.3 MBq to 7 MBq. The degrees of equivalence between eachequivalent activity measured in the SIR and the key comparison referencevalue (KCRV) have been calculated and the results are given in the formof a matrix for eight laboratories. A graphical presentation is also given.Main text.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report.Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPMkey comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publicationby Section II of the Consultative Committee for Ionizing Radiation(CCRI(II)), comparison identifier BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Ba-133, according to theprovisions of the Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA). The results of a CCRI international comparison, identifier CCRI(II)-K2.Ba-133 held in 1984 that have been approved for provisional equivalence for this radionuclide, have been linked to the SIR results. This has enabled six NMIs to update their results and a further three NMIs and one international laboratory, the IRMM, to be linked to the SIR.

BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Cs-137 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 137Cs and links for the 1982 international comparison CCRI(II)-K2.Cs-137

Since 1976, 15 national metrology institutes (NMIs) and two other laboratories have submitted 34 samples of known activity of 137Cs to the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. The activities ranged from about 550 kBq to 67 MBq. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR and the key comparison reference value (KCRV) have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a matrix for eleven NMIs and the BIPM. A graphical presentation is also given.Main text.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report.Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publicationby Section II of the Consultative Committee for Ionizing Radiation(CCRI(II)), comparison identifier BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Cs-137, according to theprovisions of the Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA). The results of a CCRI international comparison, identifier CCRI(II)-K2.Cs-137 held in 1982 that have been approved for provisional equivalence for this radionuclide, have been linked to the SIR results. This has enabled three NMIs to update their results and a further three NMIs and one international laboratory, the IRMM, to be linked to the SIR.

BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Ce-139 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 139Ce and links for the 1976 international comparison CCRI(II)-K2.Ce-139

Since 1976, ten national metrology institutes (NMIs) and another laboratoryhave submitted 20 samples of known activity of 139Ce to theInternational Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at theBureau International des Poids et Mesures. The activities ranged fromabout 0.5 MBq to 55 MBq. The degrees of equivalence between eachequivalent activity measured in the SIR and the key comparison referencevalue (KCRV) have been calculated and the results are given in the formof a matrix for ten NMIs and the BIPM. A graphical presentation is also given.Main text.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report.Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPMkey comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publicationby Section II of the Consultative Committee for Ionizing Radiation(CCRI(II)), comparison identifier BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Ce-139, according to theprovisions of the Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA). The results of a CCRI(II) comparison held in 1976 that have been approved for provisional equivalence for this radionuclide have been linked to the SIR results. This has enabled another six NMIs and an international laboratory to have at least provisional degrees of equivalence in the key comparison database (KCDB), comparison identifier CCRI(II)-K2.Ce-139.