Identification Of Wood Species Research Articles

IDENTIFICACIÓN DE ESPECIES DE MADERA EN POSTES DE VIVIENDA EN SITIOS DEL VALLE DE LLUTA

This article focusses on the identification of wood species used as house past in of the sites Molle Pampa Este, Rosario 2 y Rosario 3 in the Lluta valley. This is based on analysis of the organization of macroscopia structure of the wood, which are compared with a reference collection of botanically identified species. The final objective of this study was to explore the potentiality of these botanical technique to understand the behavior of these communities in choosing the raw material for building their houses, during the Late Intermediate period.

Identification of "insoluble" red dyewoods by high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection (HPLC-PDA) fingerprinting.

The paper describes a high performance liquid chromatography-UV/Vis spectrometry detection analytical approach to the identification of some redwood species of historical importance in textile dyeing. The group of extracted dyestuffs considered as "insoluble" because of their non-aqueous or alkaline extraction conditions is present in the wood of the Pterocarpus family and Baphia nitida species. First, the crude extracts of tinctorial and related species and their chromatographic fingerprints were studied. This part of work shows that some species not yet mentioned in the literature have potential dyeing properties. Subsequent experiments performed on the redwood cargo of a 200-year-old archaeological shipwreck allowed identification of the water-logged wood species. Furthermore, the different methods of dyestuff extraction used for dyeing according to traditional recipes and their impact on analytical results were studied. They show that standard recovery obtained by acid hydrolysis of dyestuff from dyed yarns is inadequate. Hence, alternative solvent-based procedures were proposed. The identification of species in textile threads then becomes possible. The applied approach was validated by analysis of dyed reference yarns with some indications of crude material extraction mode. The employed method of analysis seems to be useful for "insoluble" wood species identification in cultural heritage artifacts as well as for phytochemical purposes, despite the fact that very few detected color compounds were chemically identified.

An Icelandic medieval stave church made of drift timber: the implications of the wood identification

This paper aims to view the implications of an identification of wood species found during an archaeological excavation on a medieval church building and a surrounding graveyard at Thorarinsstadir in Seydisfjordur, east Iceland. The excavation in Seydisfjördur is a part of a project entitled ‘The transition from paganism to Christianity in Iceland’ sponsored by The East Iceland Heritage Museum, the Research Council of Iceland and The European Commission. It started in 1997 and from 1998 it has been a part of the PARABOW project, in the frame of the Raphael project. The project involves archaeological researches on pagan and Christian remains from the early medieval times in Iceland. The aim is to examine the origin and development of the Christian religion in Iceland. Furthermore, it is the intention to investigate how Christianity evolved alongside paganism assuming the conversion to Christianity was a long process, climaxing in the year 1000 when Christianity was adopted as a national religion. The wood identification uncovered evidence concerning church architecture, limiting actors for building traditions, Icelandersˈ ritual practices as well as their contacts with the foreign countries during the Viking Age and early medieval times. It did show that the native species were mainly used as fuel but drift timber was probably mainly used for construction purposes and for making coffins. According to the results from the wood identification, for instance, the excavation at Thorarinsstadir in Seydisfjördur revealed a wooden church made of drift timber.

A fluorescence spectroscopic study on wood

Fluorescence spectroscopy has been suggested as an important tool for identification of timber (Krishna, Chowdhury 1935; Dyer 1988; Sum et al. 1991). In the present study measurements of fluorescence excitation and emission spectra from solid wood blocks, powder and their extract in methanol from heartwood ofAcacia nilotica (Babul),Albizia lebbek (Kokko),Pterocarpus marsupium (Bijasal),Toona ciliata (Toon),Tectona grandis (Teak) andEucalyptus tereticornis (Eucalypt) have been made. Fluorescence spectra obtained from solid dry wood is independent of excitation wavelength, whereas those obtained from extracts exhibited excitation wavelength dependence indicating presence of many fluorescent chemicals. The need for systematic study of wood extracts in different polar and nonpolar solvents, which would be useful for purposes of identification of wood species, is stressed.

An Independent Chronology for British Bronze Age Metalwork: The Results of the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Programme

The paper presents and analyses 46 new radiocarbon measurements undertaken at the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit with the aim of critically evaluating the existing chronology for Bronze Age metalwork. Samples chosen, from both old museum collections and more recent finds, were all organics in immediate physical contact with various types of bronze object; indeed the great majority were in direct functional association. Contextual integrity was further monitored by the identification of wood species and the estimation of growth stage, which was found consistently to be modest. The scientific procedures employed allowed the generation of dates with good precision and cross-referenced through control samples to the dendrochronological master curves.Although one of the first attempts in Europe to radiocarbon date Bronze Age metalwork systematically, the results have yielded a coherent picture which confirms the broad outline of the traditional sequence. However, calibration followed by statistical analysis does point to the need to stretch the chronology of the middle—late bronze age metalwork assemblages backwards, by varying amounts, revisions which were in part anticipated from recent dating research on the continent. Re-dating has been most dramatic for Wilburton metalwork, the dating of which had not been shifted since 1979. For clarity the newly proposed chronology is pegged to a series of single dates each marking the fulcrum of a transition between assemblages. While the current data set suggests that assemblage overlaps were not prolonged, more data will be needed if durations are to be estimated better. The existing results do, however, already show the potential for establishing more subtle trends in the development of Bronze Age metalwork.

Identification of Wood Species by Acoustic-Resonance Spectrometry Using Multivariate Subpopulation Analysis

The identification of wood species remains an issue in restoration involving rare, old, or disguised wood parts. Precise restoration is required in reconditioning the works of designers such as Frank Lloyd Wright, and a quick, reliable, and nondestructive method of identification facilitates this restoration. Acoustic-resonance spectrometry (ARS) is an analytical method using interferences in resonance signals across a range of frequencies. Combined with multivariate analysis techniques, ARS is a solution to the problem of identifying wood species. Subpopulation detection analysis of samples of 26 different wood species achieved complete differentiation among species ( p = 0.01). The number of bootstrap replications of the spectral data has a significant effect on differentiation among the woods, as does the type of spectral filtering prior to subpopulation analysis. Acoustic-resonance spectrometry outperforms near-IR spectrometry by a wide margin in identification of the same wood species.

Laser-excited fluorescence spectra of eastern SPF wood species. An optical technique for identification and separation of wood species?

Use of UV-laser excitation to produce fluorescence spectra for heartwood and sapwood from jack pine (Pinus banksiana), white spruce (Picea glauca) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea) was examined. Spectra were fairly broad without sharp spectral features and overlap of spectra between species was common. Sample to sample and in-sample variation of the recorded fluorescence spectra was observed. The fluorescence spectra obtained from heartwood samples of jack pine showed evidence of photochemical bleaching as a result of the multiple laser pulses needed to produce a complete spectrum. Bleaching may have obscured differences between species. For the mix of species examined no sapwood nor heartwood samples were distinguishable by this technique with the detector used. Use of an optical multichannel analyzer (OMA) could reduce the number of laser pulses needed to obtain an entire spectrum. Under these conditions it would be possible to determine whether the minor differences in spectral features observed for the different species are more pronounced in the first few laser pulses and if they are characteristic of species. Certain aspects of the data suggest that with improved analytical equipment UV-fluorescence might prove to be a useful technique for the identification of certain species.

Identification of wood species by ion mobility spectrometry

On a developpe une procedure d'essai rapide basee sur le degagement thermique de vapeurs d'echantillons de bois de cœur suivi de l'analyse par spectrometrie de mobilite ionique. Les resultats sont obtenus en 5 a 10 s

Contribution of Tree-Ring Dating and Wood Structure Analysis to the Forensic Sciences

ABSTRACTThe basic concepts of tree growth, tree-ring dating, wood anatomy, wood and wood-fiber species identification have been described as potentially useful tools to the forensic scientist. Eight case studies have been presented to help crime-scene investigators recognize the value of wood in the hands of a specialist. The case studies have dealt with (i) linking a suspect to a crime scene by using species identification and through physical matching of tree-ring patterns and anatomical features, and (ii) dating a crime or a past event to the calendar year and/or the growing season.

Crystals in the wood of the genus Abies indigenous to Canada and the United States

The scanty and conflicting literature on distribution and nature of crystals in the ray parenchyma of Abies is reviewed before results are presented from this study of 318 trees. Crystals of rhomboidal and elongated forms were regularly present, in descending order of frequency, in A. concolor, A. grandis, A. magnifica, A. bracteata, and A. procera. Crystals were deposited predominantly in marginal ray parenchyma cells which died prematurely within a critical zone of sapwood. Both forms of crystals were regularly lacking in A. amabilis, A. balsamea, A. fraseri, and A. lasiocarpa, although fairly frequently elongated types were found in certain samples of the latter species. A pattern of very infrequent crystal distribution was found in association with juvenile wood in a single mature A. grandis, and in seedlings or saplings of several species.A quantitative scale of crystal frequency was developed and its application to wood species identification demonstrated. The lack of crystals in A. amabilis is offered along with other evidence to suggest a relationship between this species and those of the series Lasiocarpae Franco.Chemical characterization by thin-layer chromatography, atomic absorption, and histochemical procedures confirmed the older supposition that both forms of ray parenchyma crystals were calcium oxalate.

The Interpretation of Some Documentary Evidence on Carib Culture

Previous articleNext article No AccessThe Interpretation of Some Documentary Evidence on Carib CultureDouglas TaylorDouglas Taylor Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Volume 5, Number 4Winter, 1949 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/soutjanth.5.4.3628597 Views: 3Total views on this site Citations: 3Citations are reported from Crossref Journal History This article was published in the Southwestern Journal of Anthropology (1945-1972), which is continued by the Journal of Anthropological Research (1973-present). PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Joanna Ostapkowicz, Fiona Brock, Alex C. Wiedenhoeft, Christophe Snoeck, John Pouncett, Yasmin Baksh-Comeau, Rick Schulting, Philippe Claeys, Nadine Mattielli, Mike Richards, Arie Boomert Black pitch, carved histories: Radiocarbon dating, wood species identification and strontium isotope analysis of prehistoric wood carvings from Trinidad's Pitch Lake, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 16 (Dec 2017): 341–358.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.08.018Didier L. Goyvaerts Carib-speaking Indians, Lingua 49, no.44 (Dec 1979): 373–379.https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(79)90053-6W. H. HODGE, DOUGLAS TAYLOR THE ETHNOBOTANY OF THE ISLAND CARIBS OF DOMINICA, Webbia 12, no.22 (Jan 1957): 513–644.https://doi.org/10.1080/00837792.1957.10669669