Identification Of Phenomena Research Articles

PLASMA EMISSION BY NONLINEAR ELECTROMAGNETIC PROCESSES

The plasma emission, or electromagnetic (EM) radiation at the plasma frequency and/or its harmonic(s), is generally accepted as the radiation mechanism responsible for solar type II and III radio bursts. Identification and characterization of these solar radio burst phenomena were done in the 1950s. Despite many decades of theoretical research since then, a rigorous demonstration of the plasma emission process based upon first principles was not available until recently, when, in a recent Letter, Ziebell et al. reported the first complete numerical solution of EM weak turbulence equations; thus, quantitatively analyzing the plasma emission process starting from the initial electron beam and the associated beam-plasma (or Langmuir wave) instability, as well as the subsequent nonlinear conversion of electrostatic Langmuir turbulence into EM radiation. In the present paper, the same problem is revisited in order to elucidate the detailed physical mechanisms that could not be reported in the brief Letter format. Findings from the present paper may be useful for interpreting observations and full-particle numerical simulations.

Modelling the vibration-assisted drilling process: identification of influential phenomena

The increasing part of composite materials in aeronautic multi-material structures highlights the need to develop adapted new manufacturing processes for assembly. Among the new drilling techniques, the vibration-assisted drilling (VAD) allows to improve reliability of drilling operations on multi-layer materials. Forced vibrations are added to conventional motions to create a discontinuous cutting. The back and forth movement allows to improve the evacuation of chips by breaking it. This technology introduces two new operating parameters, the frequency and the amplitude of the oscillation. To optimize the process, the choice of parameters requires first to model precisely the operation cutting and dynamics. Many works have highlighted the parameters range to obtain fragmented chip. The accuracy of current model is not sufficient to get the optimal parameters. The goal of this work is to identify the most influential phenomena generating error between model and test. In this paper, a kinematic modelling of the process is firstly proposed. The limits of the modelling are analysed through comparison between measured and simulated down-hole surfaces. From experimental test results, the model is then completed in order to take into account dynamic phenomena that may explain behaviour differences between tests and simulations. The proposed model of cutting forces considering the dynamical behaviour of the machining system allows foreseeing the operating conditions which ensure good chips breaking. This work also presents the experimental method and the test results to validate the numerical simulator.

Method for Determining the Time Constants Characterizing the Intensity of Steel Mixing in Continuous Casting Tundish

AbstractA common method used in identification of hydrodynamics phenomena occurring in Continuous Casting (CC) device's tundish is to determine the RTD curves of time. These curves allows to determine the way of the liquid steel flowing and mixing in the tundish. These can be identified either as the result of numerical simulation or by the experiments - as the result of researching the physical models. Special problem is to objectify it while conducting physical research. It is necessary to precisely determine the time constants which characterize researched phenomena basing on the data acquired in the measured change of the concentration of the tracer in model liquid's volume. The mathematical description of determined curves is based on the approximate differential equations formulated in the theory of fluid mechanics. Solving these equations to calculate the time constants requires a special software and it is very time-consuming. To improve the process a method was created to calculate the time constants with use of automation elements. It allows to solve problems using algebraic method, which improves interpretation of the research results of physical modeling.

Stability determination of the formulations containing hyaluronic acid.

The aim of this work was to investigate the long-term stability of four emulsions (creams and ointments) developed for carrying hyaluronic acid (HA) for dermal penetration. The stability of obtained formulations was analysed by multiple light scattering and laser diffraction methods. The experimental results showed that the moisturizing creams were more stable than the ointments containing HA. The migration phenomenon of particles was observed in soft ointment with HA and the flocculation phenomenon was detected in ointment based on lanolin. The larger the water content, the more stable formulation can be, due to hygroscopic properties of HA. The identification of instability phenomena was shortened dramatically using optical method such as multiple light scattering. Even small changes in the stability of emulsion were determined very early. We suggest that the moisturizing creams may be more suitable than ointments to carry HA for dermal absorption. These studies are a significant first step towards further exploration into what form of HA would assure maximum effect, give consumers satisfaction and guarantee safety during application.

Stability Assessment of the High Safety Pillars in Slovenian Natural Stone Mines / Ocena Stabilności Wysokich Filarów Bezpieczeństwa W Kopalniach Kamieni Naturalnych W Słowenii

Abstract For the first time in Slovenia, the underground excavation of natural stone blocks was introduced on a trial basis at the Hotavlje I colourful limestone quarry in 1993, in 2002 at the Lipica II limestone quarry, in 2008 at the Lipica I limestone quarry and in 2009 also at the Doline limestone quarry. This was primarily because of the geological structure of the site, the quarry’s condition, the potentially large amounts of the overburden in the event of an expansion of the surface part of the quarry, and the increasing needs for this raw material, i.e. natural stone. The underground excavation of natural stone in all locations are done using a modified room-and-pillar excavation method that is adjusted to each site’s characteristics, with regularly or irregularly distributed high safety pillars. Since the underground excavation of natural stone blocks is performed at a relatively shallow level under the surface, i.e., at a depth of only 10-40 m, the value of the primary vertical stress state is also relatively low (less than 1.0 MPa). This significantly increases the risk of wedge-shaped pieces or blocks falling out of the ceiling in open underground spaces. In previous years, special attention was paid to the installation of stress-strain systems for controlling the planned dimensions (width and height) of large, open, underground spaces (rooms) and the dimensions of the high safety pillars, along with continual monitoring and identification of the instability phenomena in the ceiling and sides of the large open spaces (rooms). The paper presents the methods and devices used for the optimization and the safety monitoring of high safety pillars for the underground excavation of natural stone blocks in Slovenian natural stone mines.

Simultaneous investigation of the structure and surface of a Co/alumina catalyst during Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: discrimination of various phenomena with beneficial or disadvantageous impact on activity

Simultaneous investigation of structure and surface of a Co/Al2O3 catalyst during Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: identification of beneficial and disadvantageous phenomena.

Lucy Grig & Gavin Kelly (eds.), Two Romes: Rome and Constantinople in Late Antiquity (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012)

The discovery of late antiquity – as a distinctive period and a cultural matrix of later developments – is one of the most important breakthroughs of recent historical scholarship. It seems justified to speak of a discovery rather than a rediscovery: although there are considerably older precedents for the identification of late antique phenomena, especially in art history, no holistic understanding of the period as a cultural world was achieved before the late twentieth century.

Multiresolution based analysis of weak magnetic field disturbances

In this paper an approach of real time measurement and analysis of magnetic field disturbances is described. Multiresolution based analysis appears as useful tool for feature extraction and identification of different signal phenomena. As a sensing element, a magentoresistive sensor is utilized together with virtual instrumentation. Experimental results are presented graphically.

Exergy-Based Formulation for Aircraft Aeropropulsive Performance Assessment: Theoretical Development

Aircraft have evolved into extremely complex systems that require adapted methodologies and tools for an efficient design process. A theoretical formulation based on exergy management is proposed for assessing the aeropropulsive performance of future aircraft configurations. It consists of the combination of a momentum balance and a fluid flow analysis involving the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The exergy supplied by the propulsion system and its partial destruction within the control volume is associated with the aircraft mechanical equilibrium. Characterization of the recoverable mechanical and thermal outflows is made along with the identification of the irreversible phenomena that destroy their work potential. Restriction of the formulation to unpowered configurations yields connections to some well-known far-field drag expressions and shows that their underlying theory can be related to exergy considerations. Because the exergy balance does not rely on the distinction of thrust and drag, it is especially suitable for the performance evaluation of highly integrated aeropropulsive concepts like boundary-layer ingestion.

Analysis of Non-Classical Models which Have been Subjected to Percussive Loads Using Equations of Energy and Power

The article presents an analysis of impact energy dissipation process with selected non-classical dynamic models. Identification of impact energy dissipation phenomena in layered mechanical systems (for example: composite ballistic shields) is a great challenge, because on the one hand a model with parameters responsible for the energy dissipation is being sought on the one hand and on the other it is necessary to optimise the number of parameters. The sought model should be reduced to a simple description of the phenomenon and should contain a complex reproduction of the whole mechanical system. In this case the impact energy dissipation was described using selected degenerate systems. Models were treated by extortion surge having a specific impulse of force. The mathematical description of the pulse excitation was carried out using the energy and potency balance equations. The verification of mathematical identification equations was conducted using a computer simulation technique for the selected model’s parameters.

Retrieving Causally Related Functions From Natural-Language Text for Biomimetic Design

Identifying biological analogies is a significant challenge in biomimetic (biologically inspired) design. This paper builds on our previous work on finding biological phenomena in natural-language text. Specifically, a rule-based computational technique is used to identify biological analogies that contain causal relations. Causally related functions describe how one function is enabled by another function, and support the transfer of functional structure from analogies to design solutions. The causal-relation retrieval method uses patterns of syntactic information that represent causally related functions in individual sentences, and scored F-measures of 0.73–0.85. In a user study, novice designers found that of the total search matches, proportionally more of the matches obtained with the causal-relation retrieval method were relevant to design problems than those obtained with a single verb-keyword search. In addition, matches obtained with the causal-relation retrieval method increased the likelihood of using functional association to develop design concepts. Finally, the causal-relation retrieval method enables automatic extraction of biological analogies at the sentence level from a large amount of natural-language sources, which could support other approaches to biologically inspired design that require the identification of interesting biological phenomena.

ECG signal enhancement using adaptive Kalman filter and signal averaging

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is widely used for diagnosis of heart diseases. Good quality ECG signals are utilized by physicians for interpretation and identification of physiological and pathological phenomena. Several techniques have been proposed to extract the ECG components contaminated with the background noise and allow the measurement of subtle features in the ECG signal. One of the common approaches is the adaptive filter architecture, which has been used for the noise cancelation of ECGs containing baseline wander, electromyogram (EMG) noise, and motion artifacts [1].

Identification of phenomena preceding blower surge by means of pressure spectral maps

In this paper the concept of ‘quasi-dynamic’ pressure measurements is introduced and used in order to obtain compressor spectral maps describing the process of surge onset in a centrifugal blower. In the experimental rig pressure signals were recorded at several throttling valve positions and subjected to Fourier analysis. The results are shown in the form of contour maps with frequency on the horizontal and control valve opening on the vertical axis. The maps allow the frequencies dominating at consecutive stages of entering surge to be distinguished. Moreover, comparison of the maps, obtained at different pressure tappings allowed the point of instability onset to be determined. Research confirmed that the first disturbances appeared in the inlet recirculation zone much before the surge. The scale of the disturbances were considerable, amplitude increased about 10 times together with an immediate rise of its mean value. On the other hand, flow structure was not regular as no dominating frequency was detected. When the flow rate continued to decrease the instabilities propagated throughout the impeller towards the diffuser and certain frequency peaks appeared suggesting the formation of regular flow structures. At deep surge spectrum is dominated by one peak that is in good agreement with frequency of the corresponding Helmholtz resonator. Moreover, due to the high accuracy of the ‘quasi-dynamic’ method it was possible to recognize that damped forms of non-stable phenomena were present in stable working conditions.

A Phenomenological Analysis of Terrorism and Organized Crime from a Comparative Criminological Perspective

Summary An analysis of both criminological phenomena from a comparative criminological perspective so as to determine, having previously established descriptive and identifying indicators, the differences between each one of these manifestations as well as the hybridization phenomena that could take place, in order to establish a clear defining frame that allows for the separate identification of both phenomena and permits the development by the states of a variety of public initiatives, both preventive and reactive in their nature.

Baseline wander Removal in ECG using an efficient method of EMD in combination with wavelet

ECG signal processing is a challenging field which has to deal with several issues. ECG, electrocardiogram plays a vital role in the diagnosis of heart related problems. Good quality ECG is used by the doctors for identification of physiological and pathological phenomena. ECG is very sensitive in nature and even if small amount of noise interferes with it, the characteristics of the signal change. Therefore in order to have a better understanding of thc cardiological phenomenon a lot of denoising algorithms have been proposed for removal of artifacts from ECG, like FIR, IIR or wavelet filtering. Each method suffers with some limitations. Here a new method is proposed which combines EMD with wavelet. On applying EMD along with WT, we get better results.This method, to some extent minimizes the limitations of EMD alone or wavelet alone.

Geochemical Siliceous and Silicified Facies of Phosphate Series of Ouled Abdoun Basin (Morocco)

Syn-sedimentary post-diagenetic phenomena are remarkable in Moroccan phosphates. Indeed they are reference deposits for geological study, where important interests are given of determination and identification of these geochemical phenomena. Silicification is one of the phenomena that we have studied to determine the diagenetic processes that control the new-formation of silica in phosphate series of Ouled Abdoun. This study was performed on deposit EL Halassa, which belongs to the Ouled Abdoun Basin; they spread out the Maastrichtian to Lutetian. At first, petrographic approach was applied on different terms composing the phosphate series. In a second step, a geochemical approach on the same silica and silicified facies of phosphate series Ouled Abdoun Basin for characterizing silicification deduced the probable links between this diagenetic phenomenon and facies and forms’ affect. Ten major trace elements were measured. According to the phases’ petrographic relationship, the results were presented and discussed: silicate phase, the carbonate phase and clay phase.

From the Cloud to the Atmosphere: Running MapReduce across Data Centers

Efficiently analyzing big data is a major issue in our current era. Examples of analysis tasks include identification or detection of global weather patterns, economic changes, social phenomena, or epidemics. The cloud computing paradigm along with software tools such as implementations of the popular MapReduce framework offer a response to the problem by distributing computations among large sets of nodes. In many scenarios, input data are, however, geographically distributed (geodistributed) across data centers, and straightforwardly moving all data to a single data center before processing it can be prohibitively expensive. Above-mentioned tools are designed to work within a single cluster or data center and perform poorly or not at all when deployed across data centers. This paper deals with executing sequences of MapReduce jobs on geo-distributed data sets. We analyze possible ways of executing such jobs, and propose data transformation graphs that can be used to determine schedules for job sequences which are optimized either with respect to execution time or monetary cost. We introduce G-MR, a system for executing such job sequences, which implements our optimization framework. We present empirical evidence in Amazon EC2 and VICCI of the benefits of G-MR over common, naïve deployments for processing geodistributed data sets. Our evaluations show that using G-MR significantly improves processing time and cost for geodistributed data sets.

Identification of Debris Phenomena in Pine Trees, and Ways of their Management

The most important studies performed worldwide with presented specific methods, supply the possibility of elaborating our review study in:   pine seedling physiology and the importance to survival and growth of pine seedling physiology, identification of the environmental factors that are critical to successful pine seedling performance, and comparison of the effectiveness of various tests for predicting survival and growth of pine seedlings in nurseries. The aim of the paper is to emphasize the main causes of debris phenomena in pine trees, and also to establish current pine nursery integrated management assessment methods The research was carried on available literature, from last five years, available from international databases, and also from national forestry offices. A series of methods are usually used in order to identify the performances of pine seedlings in nurseries, and possible debris phenomena apparition, and among them we shall implement: morphological measurements (height, stem diameter, bud length, shoot: root ratio, shoot weight, root weight, etc.), physiological measurements (electrolyte leakage, enzymatic activity, water potential, water conductance, mineral nutrition, food reserves). To above mentioned methods future perspectives are open, among them being: chlorophyll fluorescence, infrared thermography, machine vision system, integrated approaches, eco-physiological evaluations, etc.).

Harmony of the triads: A response to Nicholas Swindale.

Despite few misunderstandings, I thank Nicholas Swindale for his efforts in writing a lengthy review of Harmony, Perspective and Triadic Cognition (HPTC; Cook, 2012). He is precisely the type of reader I wanted to address-someone with broad knowl- edge in human psychology and an interest in the possibility of a general theory of the mind. Unfortunately, despite a history of abject failures misapplying sophisticated mathematical theory (sta- tistical mechanics, chaos theory, catastrophe theory, and so on) to the problems of mind, he seems to suffer from the scientoid delusion that formal mathematics is the key to psychological insight. He is therefore quick to dismiss the kinds of low-level mental associations that I argue are central to the way people actually think.With regard to his mixed evaluation of my proposal concerning triadic mechanisms, I would say that his accusations of occult numerology are truly off target. My proposal in HPTC is that concrete three-way associations have been amply demonstrated in the specifically human aspects of cognition related to music, art, language, tools, and attention. The essential point that Swindale repeatedly acknowledges and then repeatedly forgets is that: Fundamental cognitive triads at the heart of the outstanding talents of our species are necessary, but not sufficient, to produce the astounding behavioral accomplishments of human culture. The sufficiency argument will demand many more insights and en- cyclopedic knowledge that I do not possess, but the minimalist cognitive necessities are the issues that I have addressed in HPTC. I would remind Swindale that it took more than a half-century to proceed from the biological insight of the structure of DNA to the unraveling of the human genome, and much work still remains before we understand the genetic data that is in hand. In my view, cognitive neuroscience is now mature enough to elucidate funda- mental psychological processes- but it will take some time before a comprehensive theory of the human mind is established.In certain key subfields within human psychology, there is already clear evidence of triadic mechanisms (often, but not al- ways, unprecedented in the animal world) that are, to varying degrees of certainty, the starting points for our unusual cognitive and behavioral skills. A formal theory of the unique set of triadic processes (three-way Boolean logic?) is yet to be achieved, so it may be possible to put Swindale's intellect to constructive pur- pose, but I would nonetheless argue that the triadic arguments in HPTC are successful in clearing the way toward precisely that goal.The tonal combinations that result in the phenomena of musical harmony are undoubtedly the most easily perceived and most well-known of the perceptual triads, but the alignment of visual cues that lead to pictorial depth perception (light source/object/cast shadow or three similar objects aligned in linear perspective) is also empirically unambiguous. In linguistics, the three-way tree structure of the phrase lies at the heart of Chomsky's transfor- mational grammar. Its triadic nature has been discussed by Derek Bickerton (1990) and Guy Deutscher (2005), among others, but most of modern-day syntactic theory deals with the complexities of multiple recursively embedded phrases. Similarly, most empir- ical studies on social interactions address higher-level issues, but the underlying phenomenon known as joint has a well-understood triadic cognitive basis. See, for example, work by Michael Tomasello (2008) and Rebecca Saxe (2006, p. 235) who notes that such cognition requires representing triadic relations: You and Me, collaboratively looking at, working on or talking about This. In all of these cases, the psychophysics of the triadic phenomena has received much less attention than the more com- plex multiply embedded triads of real psychology, but there is an argument to be made that the first step in meaningful, reductionist, scientific analysis is identification of the core phenomena that can then be used to reconstruct larger-scale phenomena. …

Course of ice phenomena in small water reservoir in Katowice (Poland) in the winter season 2011/2012

Abstract Investigations on the ice phenomena were carried out on a small water reservoir located in the northern part of Katowice, at A4 motorway, in terrains of the Shopping-Service Centre “3 Ponds” (“Trzy Stawy”). Observations on the course of ice phenomena were performed in the winter season 2011/2012. Measurements were started in the moment occurrence of the first forms of the ice phenomena and were finished after their complete disappearance. The investigations had a character of systematic, daily observations and consisted in the mapping of ice phenomena. Among basic research aims should be numbered as follows: evaluation of the ice phenomena course, the identification of the ice phenomena forms, determination of changes in the range of ice cover and its characteristics in terms of recreational use as well. The first effects of low air temperatures occurred on the 19th November of 2011. At the beginning the ice phenomena in a form of so-called shore naledi and shore ice appeared. The formation of a compact ice cover happened not before than after nearly two months. Permanent ice cover formed on 16th January 2012. At the end of ice cover occurrence its crashing followed, reflecting in a form of numerous fissures in the ice. The complete disappearance of processes and forms ice phenomena happened on the 21st March 2012. Ice phenomena in the winter season 2011/2012 occurred for 124 days from the 18th November 2011 till the 21st March 2012, including uninterruptedly for 65 days. Ice cover in the initial stage had an ephemeral character. Safe recreational use of ice cover at the reservoir (e.g. walking, fishing, ice skating) was possible only for about 20 days, when its thickness exceeded 15 cm and ice composition had a homogenous (crystalline) structure. The course of ice phenomena indicates their quasinatural character, resulting from the natural conditions.