Identification Of Lipid Mediators Research Articles

Lipid Mediator Regulation of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells

ILC2s were originally found to be activated by epithelial cell derived cytokines to induce the secretion of Th2 cytokines, IL-5 and IL-13. Recent research has shown that lipid mediators play a large role in the activation and inhibition of ILC2 function. Unlike the traditional epithelial cell derived cytokines IL-33 and IL-25, lipid mediators have been shown to promote ILC2 secretion of not only IL-5 and IL-13, but the secretion of IL-4 as well. Prostaglandin D2 has been shown to be a potent chemoattractant of ILC2s as well as a potent activator of ILC2s to release Th2 cytokines. In addition to prostaglandin D2, cysteinyl leukotrienes also activate ILC2s to secrete Th2 cytokines during inflammation. Notably, lipid mediators have been shown to work in concert with epithelial cell derived cytokines to increase IL-5 and IL-13 secretion from ILC2s. On the other hand, lipid meditators prostaglandin I2 and lipoxin A4 are the first identified lipid mediator inhibitors of ILC2 function, and thus limit ILC2 contribution to Th2 inflammation. ILC2s play a potential significant role in Th2 mediated inflammation in a variety of allergic disease states, such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis. The identification of lipid mediators as activators and inhibitors of ILC2 function provides additional therapeutic targets for altering ILC2 function during disease states.

Identification of Lipid Mediators in Peripheral Human Tissues Using an Integrative In Vivo Microdialysis Approach

Endocannabinoids and related N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) are lipid mediators involved in a number of physiological and pathological mechanisms in peripheral tissues. Microdialysis (MD) technique all ...

Mediator-lipidomics: databases and search algorithms for PUFA-derived mediators

Lipid mediators (LMs) derived from PUFAs play important roles in health and disease. Databases and search algorithms are crucial, but currently unavailable, for accurate and prompt analysis of LMs via liquid chromatography-ultraviolet-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-UV-MS/MS). A novel algorithm and databases, cognoscitive-contrast-angle algorithm and databases (COCAD), were developed for the identification of LMs based on the integration of standard MS/MS spectra with chromatograms and UV spectra. Segment naming and empirical fragmentation rules were introduced to determine MS/MS ion identities, along with ion intensities used by COCAD in matching the unknown to those of authentic standards. The structures of potential LMs without synthetic and/or authentic products as standards were identified by developing theoretical databases and algorithms based on virtual LC-UV-MS/MS spectra and chromatograms. The performance of these databases and algorithms was tested by identifying LMs in murine tissues. These results indicate that COCAD has many advantages for profiling and identification of LMs compared with the conventional dot-product algorithm.