Identification Of Items Research Articles

EFAS Score - Validation of Portuguese Version by the Score Committee of the European Foot and Ankle Society (EFAS)

BackgroundThe Score Committee of the European Foot and Ankle Society (EFAS) developed, validated, and published the EFAS Score in ten languages (English, German, French, Italian, Polish, Dutch, Swedish, Finnish, Turkish, Portuguese). From other languages under validation, the Portuguese version completed data acquisition and underwent further validation. MethodsThe Portuguese version of the EFAS Score was developed and validated in three stages: 1) item (question) identification (completed during initial validation study), 2) item reduction and scale exploration (completed during initial validation study), 3) confirmatory analyses and responsiveness of Portuguese version (completed during initial validation study in nine other languages). The data were collected pre-operatively and post-operatively at a minimum follow-up of 3 months and mean follow-up of 6 months. Item reduction, scale exploration, confirmatory analyses and responsiveness were executed using classical test theory and item response theory. ResultsThe internal consistency was confirmed in the Portuguese version (Cronbach’s Alpha 0.84). The Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) was 0.27 and is similar to other language versions. Between baseline and follow-up, 69.4% of patients showed an improvement on their EFAS score, with adequate responsiveness (effect size 0.64). ConclusionsThe Portuguese EFAS Score version was successfully validated in patients with a wide variety of foot and ankle pathologies. All score versions are freely available at www.efas.net.

Development and Validation of Filial Piety Representations at Parents' End of Life Scale.

Filial piety has a long historical standing in Chinese communities. However, the filial piety practices of adult children at the end of a parent’s life are under-explored. This study aims to develop a measurement for filial piety representations of the adult children of Macao Chinese, whose parents are at the stage of end of life. By adopting a scale development and validation framework, a 19-item Filial Piety Representations at Parents’ End of Life Scale (FPR-EoL) was formulated based on a Dual Filial Piety Model and literature, through procedures of item identification, panel review, cognitive interviews, and pre-test. The FPR-EoL was examined on 274 individuals. Factor analysis showed four factors in the scale; respect and comfort, acceptance of death, spending final days, and disclosing bad news. The Cronbach’s alpha of FPR-EoL was 0.73, and the four factors were 0.73, 0.66, 0.58 and 0.77, respectively. Discriminant validity was examined between FPR-EoL, the Good Death Inventory (GDI) and the Filial Piety Scale (FPS). The results suggested that there were differences between the three scales. FPR-EoL is found to be a reliable, valid and novel measure of filial piety representations among Macao Chinese. It may be a potential tool to probe and achieve good death among older persons of Chinese ethnicity in clinical settings.

Image Captioning from Wikipedia for Multi-Language using Deep Learning Models

With the advancement in deep learning, the consolidation of text classification and image processing has agitated enormous scrutiny in the past years. Captioning images are advanced research mainly in the field of computer vision. Identification of relevant items, their properties, and their connection in images is required for image captioning. This image captioning is a complex and challenging task, several developments are done in this field by researchers. But now, Technology can develop a model that can bring out the closest text or captions explaining an image because of the advancement in deep learning methodologies and the enormous amounts of data that is available. In the beginning, it was contemplated impractical that a computer could characterize an image.

Development of the Gross Motor Function Family Report (GMF-FR) for Children with Cerebral Palsy.

Purpose: To describe the initial steps in the development of a family-completed, modified version of the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88) to report gross motor function of young people with cerebral palsy in their natural environments. Methods: Development of the Gross Motor Function - Family Report (GMF-FR) was based on expert opinion involving 13 experienced clinicians and researchers, in four steps: (1) item identification to target items that reflect functional gross motor performance; (2) item selection; (3) critical analysis of the items; and (4) item and scoring modification. Results: Several modifications to existing items and scoring were made, including wording changes to optimize ease of families' understanding, the addition of photographs to illustrate all items, changes to the items to enable use of furniture instead of specialized equipment, and modifications to scoring criteria to ensure a focus on functional motor skills. Ultimately, 30 items were selected, and specific testing/scoring instructions were created for each item. Conclusions: GMF-FR is a new family-report tool, based on the GMFM-88. When validated, it can be used as a telehealth outcome measure to capture family-reported functional motor skill performance in home and community environments.

Intelligent Wearable Devices Enabled Automatic Vehicle Detection and Tracking System with Video-Enabled UAV Networks Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network and IoT Surveillance.

The discipline of computer vision is becoming more popular as a research subject. In a surveillance-based computer vision application, item identification and tracking are the core procedures. They consist of segmenting and tracking an object of interest from a sequence of video frames, and they are both performed using computer vision algorithms. In situations when the camera is fixed and the backdrop remains constant, it is possible to detect items in the background using more straightforward methods. Aerial surveillance, on the other hand, is characterized by the fact that the target, as well as the background and video camera, are all constantly moving. It is feasible to recognize targets in the video data captured by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) using the mean shift tracking technique in combination with a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN). It is critical that the target detection algorithm maintains its accuracy even in the presence of changing lighting conditions, dynamic clutter, and changes in the scene environment. Even though there are several approaches for identifying moving objects in the video, background reduction is the one that is most often used. An adaptive background model is used to create a mean shift tracking technique, which is shown and implemented in this work. In this situation, the background model is provided and updated frame-by-frame, and therefore, the problem of occlusion is fully eliminated from the equation. The target tracking algorithm is fed the same video stream that was used for the target identification algorithm to work with. In MATLAB, the works are simulated, and their performance is evaluated using image-based and video-based metrics to establish how well they operate in the real world.

IbM USAHA TOKO TRADISIONAL DAN UNIT PERTOKOAN KOPERASI DI KABUPATEN JEPARA

The presence of modern stores has led to the climate of unfair competition harmful traditional stores. The existence of a minimarket can turn off 20-50 small grocery stores, while a supermarket can be lethal up to 200 grocery stores, while hypermarkets and 500 grocery stores. minimarket establishment, in a radius of 500 meters will result in a decline in income of up to 57.92 percent. At a radius of 1 km to 30 percent. Defeat competing with traditional stores because of low competitiveness. This situation experienced by both partners, traditional shop "Darul Ulum" and Toko Abdul Khamid.These service activities seek to address the problem of lack of competitiveness in the form of partners, and exacerbated by the low-performance service standards for record-keeping and accounting system is still manual. Therefore, the outcome of devotion is a solution to the problem. Such as 1) program to improve competitiveness, 2) development of accounting information systems. The approach used is a method of interactive participation, in which both partners will play a role in the analysis process for planning activities and the strengthening of internal organization.The method of implementation program to improve competitiveness, carried out in phases: 1) a SWOT Analysis, 2) Guarantee of perception and deal program, 3) Modernization store, 4) Training service standards, 5) Training governance and SOP, 6) creation of SOP shops, 7 ) Implementation and mentoring. Program information systems development shops, stages: 1) analysis of requirements and design of information systems, 2) identification and preparation of database product items and members or prospective members, 3) Making accounting software, 4) Application of accounting information systems, 5) training information system accounting, 6) special units of cooperative stores, to disseminate the members, administrators and managers of cooperatives, 7) Implementation and facilitation of the use of the system. As quality assurance efforts in the implementation of each of the partners will be accompanied by two students.

Identification and enjoyment of food items is reduced in dysosmic subjects: a pilot study.

Although dysosmia affects a significant proportion of the adult population, there are a paucity of studies addressing its impact on flavor perception and food enjoyment. This study aimed to assess flavor perception and food enjoyment in subjects with and without dysosmia, comparing performance of items considered olfactory-dominant or trigeminal-dominant. Adult subjects prospectively underwent Sniffin' Sticks olfactory testing from which threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI) scores were used to identify dysosmic (TDI over 31) and normosmic subjects (TDI under 31). Forced-choice, blinded flavor identification testing was performed using 8 flavor extracts and 8 real-food purees of either trigeminal- or olfactory-dominant flavor profile. Food enjoyment was quantified using visual analog scales. Forty-one subjects were enrolled, including 20 dysosmics and 21 normosmics, with no difference in age or gender. Compared with normosmics, dysosmic subjects had significantly lower identification of extracts and purees. Among dysosmics, overall identification of trigeminal-dominant extracts and foods was higher than olfactory-dominant extracts and foods. Compared with normosmics, dysosmic subjects reported significantly reduced enjoyment of olfactory-dominant extracts and foods; however, there was no significant difference in enjoyment of trigeminal-dominant extracts or foods. Identification and enjoyment of food items is reduced in dysosmic subjects, with the greatest impact in olfactory items. These findings suggest that diet modification might lead to greater enjoyment in those with dysosmia.

2022 American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis.

To develop and validate revised classification criteria for granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). Patients with vasculitis or comparator diseases were recruited into an international cohort. The study proceeded in 5 phases: 1) identification of candidate criteria items using consensus methodology, 2) prospective collection of candidate items present at the time of diagnosis, 3) data-driven reduction of the number of candidate items, 4) expert panel review of cases to define the reference diagnosis, and 5) derivation of a points-based risk score for disease classification in a development set using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression, with subsequent validation of performance characteristics in an independent set of cases and comparators. The development set for GPA consisted of 578 cases of GPA and 652 comparators. The validation set consisted of an additional 146 cases of GPA and 161 comparators. From 91 candidate items, regression analysis identified 26 items for GPA, 10 of which were retained. The final criteria and their weights were as follows: bloody nasal discharge, nasal crusting, or sino-nasal congestion (+3); cartilaginous involvement (+2); conductive or sensorineural hearing loss (+1); cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) or anti-proteinase 3 ANCA positivity (+5); pulmonary nodules, mass, or cavitation on chest imaging (+2); granuloma or giant cells on biopsy (+2); inflammation or consolidation of the nasal/paranasal sinuses on imaging (+1); pauci-immune glomerulonephritis (+1); perinuclear ANCA or antimyeloperoxidase ANCA positivity (-1); and eosinophil count ≥1 × 109 /liter (-4). After excluding mimics of vasculitis, a patient with a diagnosis of small- or medium-vessel vasculitis could be classified as having GPA if the cumulative score was ≥5 points. When these criteria were tested in the validation data set, the sensitivity was 93% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 87-96%) and the specificity was 94% (95% CI 89-97%). The 2022 American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology classification criteria for GPA demonstrate strong performance characteristics and are validated for use in research.

2022 American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis.

To develop and validate revised classification criteria for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). Patients with vasculitis or comparator diseases were recruited into an international cohort. The study proceeded in 5 phases: 1) identification of candidate criteria items using consensus methodology, 2) prospective collection of candidate items present at the time of diagnosis, 3) data-driven reduction of the number of candidate items, 4) expert panel review of cases to define the reference diagnosis, and 5) derivation of a points-based risk score for disease classification in a development set using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression, with subsequent validation of performance characteristics in an independent set of cases and comparators. The development set for EGPA consisted of 107 cases of EGPA and 450 comparators. The validation set consisted of an additional 119 cases of EGPA and 437 comparators. From 91 candidate items, regression analysis identified 11 items for EPGA, 7 of which were retained. The final criteria and their weights were as follows: maximum eosinophil count ≥1 × 109 /liter (+5), obstructive airway disease (+3), nasal polyps (+3), cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) or anti-proteinase 3 ANCA positivity (-3), extravascular eosinophilic predominant inflammation (+2), mononeuritis multiplex/motor neuropathy not due to radiculopathy (+1), and hematuria (-1). After excluding mimics of vasculitis, a patient with a diagnosis of small- or medium-vessel vasculitis could be classified as having EGPA if the cumulative score was ≥6 points. When these criteria were tested in the validation data set, the sensitivity was 85% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 77-91%) and the specificity was 99% (95% CI 98-100%). The 2022 American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology classification criteria for EGPA demonstrate strong performance characteristics and are validated for use in research.

2022 American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Microscopic Polyangiitis.

To develop and validate classification criteria for microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). Patients with vasculitis or comparator diseases were recruited into an international cohort. The study proceeded in 5 phases: 1) identification of candidate items using consensus methodology, 2) prospective collection of candidate items present at the time of diagnosis, 3) data-driven reduction of the number of candidate items, 4) expert panel review of cases to define the reference diagnosis, and 5) derivation of a points-based risk score for disease classification in a development set using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression, with subsequent validation of performance characteristics in an independent set of cases and comparators. The development set for MPA consisted of 149 cases of MPA and 408 comparators. The validation set consisted of an additional 142 cases of MPA and 414 comparators. From 91 candidate items, regression analysis identified 10 items for MPA, 6 of which were retained. The final criteria and their weights were as follows: perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) or anti-myeloperoxidase-ANCA positivity (+6), pauci-immune glomerulonephritis (+3), lung fibrosis or interstitial lung disease (+3), sino-nasal symptoms or signs (-3), cytoplasmic ANCA or anti-proteinase 3 ANCA positivity (-1), and eosinophil count ≥1 × 109 /liter (-4). After excluding mimics of vasculitis, a patient with a diagnosis of small- or medium-vessel vasculitis could be classified as having MPA with a cumulative score of ≥5 points. When these criteria were tested in the validation data set, the sensitivity was 91% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 85-95%) and the specificity was 94% (95% CI 92-96%). The 2022 American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology classification criteria for MPA are now validated for use in clinical research.

Safety, efficacy and delivery of isometric resistance training as an adjunct therapy for blood pressure control: a modified Delphi study

Uncontrolled hypertension remains the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Isometric resistance training (IRT) has been shown to be a useful nonpharmacological therapy for reducing blood pressure (BP); however, some exercise physiologists and other health professionals are uncertain of the efficacy and safety of IRT. Experts’ consensus was sought in light of the current variability of IRT use as an adjunct treatment for hypertension. An expert consensus-building analysis (Delphi study) was conducted on items relevant to the safety, efficacy and delivery of IRT. The study consisted of 3 phases: (1) identification of items and expert participants for inclusion; (2) a two-round modified Delphi exercise involving expert panelists to build consensus; and (3) a study team consensus meeting for a final item review. A list of 50 items was generated, and 42 international experts were invited to join the Delphi panel. Thirteen and 10 experts completed Delphi Rounds 1 and 2, respectively, reaching consensus on 26 items in Round 1 and 10 items in Round 2. The study team consensus meeting conducted a final item review and considered the remaining 14 items for the content list. A final list of 43 items regarding IRT reached expert consensus: 7/10 items on safety, 11/11 items on efficacy, 10/12 items on programming, 8/10 items on delivery, and 7/7 on the mechanism of action. This study highlights that while experts reached a consensus that IRT is efficacious as an antihypertensive therapy, some still have safety concerns, and there is also ongoing conjecture regarding optimal delivery.

Covert MOF-Based Photoluminescent Tags via Tunable Linker Energetics.

Optical anticounterfeiting tags utilize the photoluminescent properties of materials to encode unique patterns, enabling identification and validation of important items and assets. These tags must combine optical complexity with ease of production and authentication to both prevent counterfeiting and to remain practical for widespread use. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based on polynuclear, rare earth clusters are ideal materials platforms for this purpose, combining fine control over structure and composition, with tunable, complex energy transfer mechanisms via both linker and metal components. Here we report the design and synthesis of a set of heterometallic MOFs based on combinations of Eu, Nd, and Yb with the tetratopic linker 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)pyrene. The energetics of this linker facilitate the intentional concealment of the visible emissions from Eu while retaining the infrared emissions of Nd and Yb, creating an optical tag with multiple covert elements. Unique to the materials system reported herein, we document the occurrence of a previously not observed 11-metal cluster correlated with the presence of Yb in the MOFs, coexisting with a commonly encountered 9-metal cluster. We demonstrate the utility of these materials as intricate optical tags with both rapid and in-depth screening techniques, utilizing orthogonal identifiers across composition, emission spectra, and emission decay dynamics. This work highlights the important effect of linker selection in controlling the resulting photoluminescent properties in MOFs and opens an avenue for the targeted design of highly complex, multifunctional optical tags.

A tractable non-adaptative group testing method for non-binary measurements

The original problem of group testing consists in the identification of defective items in a collection, by applying tests on groups of items that detect the presence of at least one defective element in the group. The aim is then to identify all defective items of the collection with as few tests as possible. This problem is relevant in several fields, among which biology and computer sciences. In the present article we consider that the tests applied to groups of items returns a load, measuring how defective the most defective item of the group is. In this setting, we propose a simple non-adaptative algorithm allowing the detection of all defective items of the collection. Items are put on an n × n grid and pools are organised as lines, columns and diagonals of this grid. This method improves on classical group testing algorithms using only the binary response of the test. Group testing recently gained attraction as a potential tool to solve a shortage of COVID-19 test kits, in particular for RT-qPCR. These tests return the viral load of the sample and the viral load varies greatly among individuals. Therefore our model presents some of the key features of this problem. We aim at using the extra piece of information that represents the viral load to construct a one-stage pool testing algorithm on this idealized version. We show that under the right conditions, the total number of tests needed to detect contaminated samples can be drastically diminished.

Противодействие незаконному обороту археологических предметов в Российской Федерации: проблемы правового регулирования и правоприменения

To date, extensive judicial practice in cases of administrative offenses qualified under Article 7.15.1 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation cannot be called unambiguous. It has exposed a number of fundamental problems that need to be resolved. 1. The problem of identification by a specialist or expert of things seized from a person suspected of making a transaction with archaeological objects. The relevance of this problem arises from the uncertainty of the definition of "archaeological objects", as well as the absence of any universal methodology for classifying movable things as archaeological objects. The expert's opinion on the belonging of a thing to the number of archaeological objects, regardless of the circumstances of acquisition, is based on its age. The presence of oxides and impurities on the object is interpreted as proof of its origin from the cultural layer. However, such an approach to the identification of antique items removed from the cultural layer or from the person against whom the proceedings on an administrative offense are being conducted is far from indisputable. 2. Turnover of archaeological objects. In the descriptive and motivational part of judicial acts, archaeological objects are often defined as having the status of things withdrawn from circulation. At the same time, the presumption of State ownership applies to archaeological objects lying on the surface of the earth, in the ground or under water. Based on a systematic analysis of the norms regulating relations regarding the turnover of archaeological objects, it can be concluded that the federal legislator, in strictly stipulated cases, allowed the possibility of civil turnover of a certain part of the movable archaeological heritage. In this regard, archaeological objects should be classified as objects of civil rights, limited in circulation. 3. The objective side of the administrative offense. The basis for initiating a case of an administrative offense under Article 7.15.1 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation should be the fact of a transaction with an archaeological object. Otherwise, the proceedings initiated in the case are subject to termination due to the absence of an event of an administrative offense or the composition of an administrative offense. At the same time, judicial practice abounds with examples of judicial decisions in the absence of the fact of the transaction. 4. Recognition of the right of ownership of individuals and legal entities to movable antiquities by virtue of the statute of limitations. With regard to things in private possession, created in the recent past (XIX – XX centuries), as well as numismatic and other collections whose belonging to archaeology, taking into account the information feature, is very doubtful, the right of private ownership should be recognized due to the acquisition prescription.

Prevare u finansijskim izveštajima

It is a well-known fact in the scientific and professional public that there is no perfect financial reporting. The complexity of the company's operations on the one hand and the impossibility of monitoring the development of accounting rules to record every business situation that occurs during the business year on the other hand, open room for maneuver for the occurrence of fraud in financial statements. Managers, accountants, internal and external audit are responsible for fraud in the financial statements. Certain positions in the financial statements are a frequent target of fraudsters. In this paper, we will analyze which are the items that are a frequent target of fraudsters. The aim of the research in this paper is to point out the manipulation techniques and instruments for fraud prevention in financial statements. The research methods used in this paper are: analytical method, statistical method, induction method and deduction method. The results of this research are a systematic presentation of the identification of individual items in the financial statements and instruments for their prevention. Based on the conducted research, we conclude that the most important thing for those responsible for compiling and examining items in the financial statements is ethics.

Use of a non-probabilistic online panel as a control group for case-control studies to investigate food and waterborne outbreaks in Lower Saxony, Germany.

Established methods of recruiting population controls for case-control studies in infectious disease outbreak investigations are resource- and time-intensive, and are often subject to bias. The online panel have recently gained interest as an easy and timely method to select controls. We examined the feasibility, suitability and reliability of using an online panel to select controls for case-control studies as part of investigations of diffuse food and waterborne outbreaks. In January 2019, we deployed a web survey by email to the 277 members of a non-probabilistic online panel in Lower Saxony, Germany. We questioned them on basic sociodemographic characteristics and eating habits. They were frequency matched to cases on sex and age. Their food exposures were compared to those of traditionally recruited controls of four historical case-controls studies, which successfully investigated food and waterborne outbreaks. We used logistic regressions to assess the association between the food exposures and the disease (odds ratios). The use of a control panel successfully led to the identification of the food items in three of the four historical outbreak investigations, and their recruitment benefitted from increased speed and limited costs. Timely outbreak investigations would enable rapidly implementing control measures. We recommend the further evaluation of using panellists as controls in parallel case-control studies and case-panel studies.

Automated Identification Algorithm Using CNN for Computer Vision in Smart Refrigerators

Machine Learning has evolved with a variety of algorithms to enable state-of-the-art computer vision applications. In particular the need for automating the process of real-time food item identification, there is a huge surge of research so as to make smarter refrigerators. According to a survey by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), it has been found that 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted by consumers around the world due to either food spoilage or expiry and a large amount of food is wasted from homes and restaurants itself. Smart refrigerators have been very successful in playing a pivotal role in mitigating this problem of food wastage. But a major issue is the high cost of available smart refrigerators and the lack of accurate design algorithms which can help achieve computer vision in any ordinary refrigerator. To address these issues, this work proposes an automated identification algorithm for computer vision in smart refrigerators using InceptionV3 and MobileNet Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures. The designed module and algorithm have been elaborated in detail and are considerably evaluated for its accuracy using test images on standard fruits and vegetable datasets. A total of eight test cases are considered with accuracy and training time as the performance metric. In the end, real-time testing results are also presented which validates the system's performance.

UHF RFID: Retail Store Performance

The development of UHF RFID technology has reached significant performance advancement in the last 20 years. Both tags and readers are now improved with better sensitivity levels providing a potential for achieving greater tag read ranges. However, the performances of the technology are also limited by complexity and electromagnetic (EM) properties of the environment in which the system operates. The aim of this contribution is to evaluate how well the state-of-the-art UHF RFID systems behave in an actual retail store environment rather than in a controlled anechoic setting. An extensive empirical study is performed and data for the performance analysis are collected from both a commercial reader and an USRP-based sniffer. It is shown that physical and MAC layer should be considered cooperatively in order to improve the overall system performance. Specifically, although the tag responsiveness depends on the products’ EM properties as well as the number of products and their relative position in the basket, still the appropriate reader mode of operation can ensure a reliable and stable reading process. For the item identification and localization in the smart IoT stores, the EM properties of retail products should be taken into account in the data classification.

Speedy Detection Module for Abandoned Belongings in Airport Using Improved Image Processing Technique

Recently, in computer vision and video surveillance applications, moving object recognition and tracking have become more popular and are hard research issues. When an item is left unattended in a video surveillance system for an extended period of time, it is considered abandoned. Detecting abandoned or removed things from complex surveillance recordings is challenging owing to various variables, including occlusion, rapid illumination changes, and so forth. Background subtraction used in conjunction with object tracking are often used in an automated abandoned item identification system, to check for certain pre-set patterns of activity that occur when an item is abandoned. An upgraded form of image processing is used in the preprocessing stage to remove foreground items. In subsequent frames with extended duration periods, static items are recognized by utilizing the contour characteristics of foreground objects. The edge-based object identification approach is used to classify the identified static items into human and nonhuman things. An alert is activated at a specific distance from the item, depending on the analysis of the stationary object. There is evidence that the suggested system has a fast reaction time and is useful for monitoring in real time. The aim of this study is to discover abandoned items in public settings in a timely manner.

Toward cost-efficient tolerancing of 3D-printed parts: a novel methodology for the development of tolerance-cost models for fused layer modeling

Tolerance allocation methods significantly contribute to the qualification of Additive Manufacturing (AM) for (small-)series production ensuring high performance and efficiency. However, their usage prerequisites the availability of quantitative, reliable information on the impact of the assigned tolerances on the resulting manufacturing costs. The given article proposes a novel methodology for the systematic development of tolerance-cost curves for a cost-efficient tolerancing of 3D-printed parts. The proposed structured workflow aims at serving as a general guideline for both researchers and practitioners, while the exemplarily chosen perspective from Fused Layer Modeling (FLM) illustrates its adaption to a specific AM technology. The indirect, non-apparent interrelations between tolerances and resulting costs are modelled with the aid of an activity-based cost model, whereas the individual costs elements are mapped as function of the values for the machine-specific process parameters for AM, e.g., layer height or printing speed, which are required to achieve the assigned design tolerances. The total procedure covers all relevant steps, viz. the identification and quantification of the single cost items, the design of benchmark artifacts, adapted to given manufacturing and measuring techniques, the empirical determination of data on cost and geometrical accuracy by design of experiments and tolerance-cost curves. Its exemplary application to an academic use case shows its general applicability and benefits, but also its current limitations.