Identification Of Critical Points Research Articles

Sustainable Watershed Management: Assessing the Impact of Data Precision on Sediment Transport in the Oostanaula Creek Watershed, Tennessee

This study applies the WaTEM/SEDEM model, a watershed-scale model based on the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), to enhance sustainable watershed management by identifying high-erosion-risk areas for targeted mitigation at various scales. It focuses on identifying potential errors in using statewide or worldwide land use data layers derived from remote-sensing algorithms and inaccuracies in the spatial distribution of cropland and soil types resulting in misinterpretation of sediment yields. These model limitations emphasize the need for field validation and precise input data, particularly stream data, to improve the reliability of these models. The study examines hydrologic rainfall-runoff processes in Tennessee’s 182 km2 Oostanaula catchment using various data sources, including the National Land Cover Database (NLCD), the European Space Agency WorldCover dataset (ESA), and manual field surveys. Three modeling scenarios were evaluated, with and without stream topology corrections, using the WaTEM/SEDEM model. It details the global data used, the methodology of the field survey, the simulation and validation of data, and the critical point identification. Significant discrepancies in long-term sediment transport predictions were found, depending on the land use data source. This study addresses watershed model validity and potential errors and recommendations for the use of globally available data.

The impact of Rashba spin-orbit coupling in charge-ordered systems

We study the impact of the Rashba spin–orbit coupling (RSOC) on the stability of charge-density wave (CDW) in systems with large electron-phonon coupling (EPC). Here, the EPC is considered in the framework of the Holstein model at the half-filled square lattice. We obtain the phase diagram of the Rashba–Holstein model using the Hartree–Fock mean-field theory, and identify the boundaries of the CDW and Rashba metal phases. We notice that the RSOC disfavors the CDW phase, driving the system to a correlated Rashba metal. Also, we employ a cluster perturbation theory (CPT) approach to investigate the phase diagram beyond the Hartree–Fock approximation. The quantum correlations captured by CPT indicate that the RSOC is even more detrimental to CDW than previously anticipated. That is, the Rashba metal region is observed to be expanded in comparison to the mean-field case. Additionally, we investigate pairing correlations, and the results further strengthen the identification of critical points.

Life cycle assessment of a LiFePO4 cylindrical battery.

Reduction of the environmental impact, energy efficiency and optimization of material resources are basic aspects in the design and sizing of a battery. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize the environmental impact associated with the life cycle of a 7.47 Wh 18,650 cylindrical single-cell LiFePO4 battery. Life cycle assessment (LCA), the SimaPro 9.1 software package, the Ecoinvent 3.5 database and the ReCiPe 2016 impact assessment method were used for this purpose. Environmental impacts were modelled and quantified using the dual midpoint-endpoint approach and the "cradle-to-gate" model. The results showed the electrodes to be the battery components with the highest environmental impact (41.36% of the total), with the negative electrode being the most unfavourable (29.8 mPt). The ageing, calibration and testing process (53.97 mPt) accounts for 97.21% of the total impact associated with the production process's consumption of energy, and 41.20% of the total impact associated with the battery. This new knowledge will allow a more detailed view of the environmental impact of cylindrical cell LiFePO4 batteries, favouring the identification of critical points to enhance their sustainable production.

Physical and chemical calculations of steelmaking processes and predictive models for the production of clean steel

The results of physicochemical calculations of steelmaking processes for the production of clean steels deoxidized with aluminum are presented. The efficiency of the calculations was achieved using as the main scientific idea the position on the leading role of the oxidation potential in the metal – slag – gas system, while controlling the external supply of oxygen from the atmosphere, materials, slag and refractories. The advantage of this idea lies in the fact that thanks to it it provides a quick identification of critical points in developed and existing technologies, and determines effective ways to solve emerging quality problems in clean and ultra-clean steels. An approach is considered to improve the technology of clean steel production, including elements of mathematical and thermodynamic models, as well as algorithmic approaches for building static models using machine learning technology to improve efficiency in steelmaking technologies. For the application of the presented approach it is necessary to prepare the data set before-hand, as well as to carry out the interpretation of the results of machine learning, based on fundamental laws and physical and chemical processes occurring in steelmaking production. As a result of the thermodynamic calculations performed in the STM program, measures were developed for the production of clean steels. On the examples of the production of thin slabs and billets search and confirmation of significant technological parameters in the formation of steel-making defects due to non-metallic inclusions was carried out using methods of in-depth analytics and machine learning

A Flexible Heat Exchanger Network Synthesis Method Adapted to Multi-Operation Conditions

This paper presents a flexible HEN (heat exchanger network) synthesis methodology for designing a multiperiod HEN with streams involving phase changes. The methodology is based on an MINLP (mixed integer nonlinear programming) model, identification of critical points, and flexibility index analysis considering phase changes. A nominal multiperiod HEN topology is constructed in the first step. Then each process operating condition’s critical points and flexibility index are calculated to verify the feasibility of the designed HEN under multiple operating conditions. To verify the validity of the method, the proposed methodology will be applied to a case study on an ammonia synthesis process heat transfer network design based on renewable energy. The results show that the method can obtain a flexible heat transfer network that is cost-effective and adaptable to multi-condition production for green ammonia synthesis.

Transition of patients with metabolic bone disease from paediatric to adult healthcare services: current situation and proposals for improvement

BackgroundThere are currently no models for the transition of patients with metabolic bone diseases (MBDs) from paediatric to adult care. The aim of this project was to analyse information on the experience of physicians in the transition of these patients in Spain, and to draw up consensus recommendations with the specialists involved in their treatment and follow-up.MethodsThe project was carried out by a group of experts in MBDs and included a systematic review of the literature for the identification of critical points in the transition process. This was used to develop a questionnaire with a total of 48 questions that would determine the degree of consensus on: (a) the rationale for a transition programme and the optimal time for the patient to start the transition process; (b) transition models and plans; (c) the information that should be specified in the transition plan; and (d) the documentation to be created and the training required. Recommendations and a practical algorithm were developed using the findings. The project was endorsed by eight scientific societies.ResultsA total of 86 physicians from 53 Spanish hospitals participated. Consensus was reached on 45 of the 48 statements. There was no agreement that the age of 12 years was an appropriate and feasible point at which to initiate the transition in patients with MBD, nor that a gradual transition model could reasonably be implemented in their own hospital. According to the participants, the main barriers for successful transition in Spain today are lack of resources and lack of coordination between paediatric and adult units.ConclusionsThe TEAM Project gives an overview of the transition of paediatric MBD patients to adult care in Spain and provides practical recommendations for its implementation.

Identifikasi Titik Kritis Kehalalan Bahan Nabati Dan Produk Turunan Bahan Nabati

Materials derived from plants (vegetable) are basically halal because there is no shari'a argument which specifically mentions the prohibition of the types of materials derived from plants, but if they have been processed using additives or processing aids that are not halal then the status of the product may become non-halal. . This paper uses a review of literature from various main references in the criteria for halal certification and knowledge of materials and processing of plant-based products. Identification of critical points for vegetable ingredients can be analyzed using a decision tree for identifying critical points for halal vegetable ingredients. Products derived from vegetable materials can be contaminated with unclean/unclean materials if there are additional ingredients and processing. The various processed plant food products in this article are complemented by the results of a study identifying their critical points starting from dried plant materials, wheat flour to starch and its derivatives. Vegetable ingredients are doubtful and their halal status needs to be criticized if they have undergone processing and the use of additional ingredients.

Sistem Identifikasi Titik Kritis Halal Menggunakan Algoritma Forward Chaining

<p align="center"><strong>Halal products are obligatory to be used by people who are Muslim. When viewed in terms of the number of the Muslim population in the world and Indonesia, halal products have very potential economic opportunities. However, halal products have the risk of becoming non-halal if the accompanying process and storage do not follow halal rules. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the critical halal point, the point where the potential for such change occurs. So far, identification is made manually, of course there will be opportunities for identification errors to happen and it will take a relatively long time. To overcome these problems, identification can use a computer-based system. Forward chaining is an algorithm that is suitable for identifying halal points, because in SJH LPPOM MUI there is a decision tree for identifying halal critical points which is carried out in the same forward sequence as the forward chaining algorithm process flow. The development of a halal critical point identification system is carried out using the Software Development Life Cycle V-model method, the PHP programming language and the MySQL Database Management System. The system was successfully tested using Whitebox testing, including unit testing, integration testing, and overall system testing. Then testing using Blackbox testing techniques by comparing the results of identifying critical points using the system with the results of identifying critical points manually producing the same results. User satisfaction testing was also carried out using the End User Computing Satisfaction method and obtained an average satisfaction score of 86.53%.</strong></p>

Process Optimization of the Selected Business Using a Process Approach

The aim of our research was to optimize the existing process approach of the selected small business (SME), due to the desire for long-term effectiveness, cost-efficiency, and market competitiveness. SMEs have several specific characteristics related to their limited size, lower level of diversification, low capital strength, limited market, and higher risk. On the other hand, they are more flexible, as they can adapt quickly to new conditions, have closer contact with customers and are very important for economy employment. Due to inevitable need of business management improvement and performance optimization, a process snapshot was performed to obtain the existing process approach. Based on the snapshot, identification of critical points was perpetuated, which enabled obtaining basic decision-making information. Based on the latter, a critical analysis of necessary furtherance’s was carried out: improvements of specific activities and elimination of redundant or unnecessary activities. For the purpose of real SME environment improvement of performance, we made a proposed problem solution, which represents an improved and optimized process approach for all of the fundamental processes of the company, based on the ISO 9001:2015 standard. Proposed optimized process approach was implemented immediately but gradually. The results were measured based on the overall number of proposed improvements (through the implemented renewed process approach) and the number of improvements that had been implemented by the time this research was conducted. It is estimated that the proposed solution has already been implemented (certain activities completely, others partially) in 62%. Even due to the partial implementation of optimized process approach, the business’s results have improved. This is reflected in increased market demand by 7% due to more efficient, faster order fulfillment and increased income by 3,5%, compared to the previous two years. The latter emphasizes the importance of a process approach implementation, which affects the improvement of productivity and efficiency, increases knowledge sharing amongst employees, enables collaborative workplace, flexibility and agility of the company, easier compliance with regulations, improves customer experience, reduces costs, and enables higher revenues.

Integrated system for the proactive analisys of risk infection in patient’s surgical route

Abstract Background The most common hospital safety incidents are Hospital-Acquired-Infections (HAI) and among these Surgical Site Infections (SSIs). Our study proposes the use of a proactive system to manage risk combining the new Risk Identification Framework by WHO (IPCAF), the Lean method and the hospital’s Procedure Analysis. Each of the methods has pros and cons, and there is no existing literature that researches the concurrent use of all three methods. We focused on analysing patients’ surgical route to demonstrate that using an integrated system for preventing SSIs delivers enhanced results and significantly contibutes to a reduction in occurence of SSIs. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study from 18 March 2019 to 20 April 2019 at Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Federico II di Napoli, Italia (Europa). The study is structured in 3 phases: Phase 1- application of proactive risk management tools (18 March- 15 April 2019); Phase 2-integration of results with the elaboration of a single system for proactive risk management (15-20 April 2019); Phase 3- collection of epidemiologic data concerning SSI. We used the incidence of surgical site as efficiency indicator (1-10 March 2022). The endpoints identified were: Primary Endpoint: a reduction of infection occurrence in surgical sites Secondary Endpoint: identification of critical points and control points within the surgical process with relevant corrective measures Results The rate of incidence of SSIs was selected as the efficacy indicator for the system. Our study recorded a 2.40% incidence rate for SSIs in 2020, compared to an incidence rate of 3.80% in 2018 and of 3.5% in 2017. Conclusions Considering the economic impact of the infections, along with the increased incidence of mortality and morbidity, employing all available tools to try and reduce SSIs incidence becomes paramount. A small reduction can produce significant cost savings that can be invested in other prevention programs. Key messages • Integrated system in proactively and promptly identifying risks related to patients’ surgical routes is effectiveness. • The system can be adapted to different healthcare settings, to prevent adverse incidents by employing a risk management strategy, and to further enhance existing strategies.

Identifikasi Titik Kritis Kehalalan Bahan Hewani dan Produk Turunan Hewan

The halalness of processed food products is largely determined by the halalness of the materials used in the manufacturing process. Foodstuffs of animal origin and their derivative products are very critical for their halal status. Various processed animal-derived products such as meat, bone, skin, blood, fur/hair and offal can be processed into various products. The use of a decision tree on the status of halal can be used to facilitate the identification of critical points for the halalness of animal-derived products. An understanding of types of halal animals, slaughter methods according to Islamic law and the potential for contamination with unclean or unclean materials is the main focus of this article to provide guidance in ensuring animal-derived products meet halal criteria. A deeper understanding of the halal aspects of animal-derived products is expected to contribute to producing products that meet halal criteria.

INNOVATIVE WAYS TO MANAGE FINANCIAL RISKS IN E-COMMERCE AND DIGITAL MARKETING

The article substantiates methodological recommendations for financial risk management in the process of e-commerce and digital marketing. The importance of identifying digital and financial risks during the entire interaction between the client and the company based on the client's travel map is proved. Thanks to the proposed methodological recommendations, the company can systematically approach the risk management process, based on 3 stages: identification of critical points (recording of risk events) at the points of contact of customers; identifying the causes of risk events in the risk chain; elimination of the causes of risk events in the risk chain. Key Principles of Financial Risk Management in E-Commerce and Digital Marketing Proposed It has been proven that financial risk management in e-commerce and digital online marketing meets modern market demands, which is necessary to maintain brand loyalty and increase sales.

Participatory Action Research on empowerment in older women: A theoretical-methodological analysis

This article aims to conceptually and methodologically analyse the use of Participatory Action Research (PAR), through field research, in order to increase knowledge about it, and to illustrate its strengths and weaknesses to encourage its use in Health Sciences.Within qualitative methodology, PAR can be used as a tool for the analysis of change and transformation, whose objective is the emancipation and liberation of people who find themselves in an oppressive social context.The assessment of this approach is based on field research with older women who sought to improve their self-care through empowerment. For this purpose, PAR was undertaken, consisting of 22 sessions and two individual telephone calls where qualitative and quantitative data generation tools were used; all this through the most critical modality of PAR. In an exercise of reflexivity, modifications and improvements in the intervention were detected to work with older women in future research.The analysis carried out makes it possible to generate new knowledge on PAR for future research thanks to the identification of critical points: the link generated, the adaptation of tools to older women, and the handling of the high volume of data produced.

Youth labor market: sociological analysis of the interaction between employers and students (on the example of the Nizhny Novgorod region)

The work is devoted to the study of the problem of youth employment on the example of the labor market of Nizhny Novgorod. Purpose of the study: identification of critical points of inconsistency in the perception of effective interaction in the labor market between employers and young professionals. To solve this problem, an empirical study was carried out, which included a survey of university students to assess their employment prospects, as well as a series of expert interviews with representatives of HR departments of commercial companies about the goals and value of hiring young specialists. The results of the study revealed a number of factors complicating the process of employment of young specialists: the discrepancy between their expectations and the requirements of employers, the lack of tools for effective job search, self-presentation skills at different stages of employment, an insufficient level of development of professional competencies, as well as a lack of experience interactions in a corporate format. Within the framework of the study, it was found that a key contradiction begins to form at the stage of partnership interaction between a higher educational institution, a student and an employer, even in the process of professional training of a specialist. Employers confirm their readiness to include student youth in the process of updating the professional experience. However, there is little interest in the participation of students in internship programs offered by employers, since the factor of financial well-being in the present is of paramount importance for students, as opposed to the ability to form a competitive advantage for employment in the future.

Koncentracija kapitala na tržištu osiguranja i pretpostavke solventnosti

The subject of this paper is the analysis of the concentration of capital on the insurance market in the Republic of Serbia and the identification of critical points in the analysis of insolvency of insurers. The necessity of economic and social protection of the interests of insured persons in conditions when the business of insurance companies is objectively exposed to a large number of risks can be achieved only if insurance companies meet extremely strict solvency requirements. In addition to the requirements for the adequacy of recognized liabilities and capital adequacy requirements, insurance companies are additionally faced with a number of special requirements, including requirements relating to the matching of assets, capital and liabilities. Although capital adequacy is the strongest type of guarantee, ie the ability of the insurance company to settle its future obligations based on claims, payments of insured amounts and other obligations, in essence compliance means that the insurer has additionally met the requirements regarding the amount and relative relations between assets, capital and liabilities, within assets or liabilities, as well as the relative relationship between certain categories of assets and capital and liabilities. The aim of this paper is to point out that for the insurer, in addition to capital adequacy and adequacy of technical reserves, the existence of financial balance is essential, ie the establishment of structural and maturity matching of assets, capital and liabilities. The structure of the paper provides insight into the analysis of capital concentration and fulfllment of capital requirements of insurers operating in the insurance market in Serbia, but also consideration of solvency assumptions and insight into the methodological apparatus used in the process of insolvency and security analysis of insurers.

RISK ANALYSIS OF EDUCATIONAL PROJECTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION

Modern education is undergoing a time of fundamental change: it is progressing, changing and being filled with new types of educational services. All types of activities of higher education institutions can be considered through the prism of project activities, especially educational projects. Educational projects of higher education institutions face a set of different risk groups, which differ in place and time of occurrence, the degree of impact on the project, the consequences, the composition of internal and external factors. Therefore, a very important area of research in educational activities is to reveal the nature and structure of risks of educational projects, features, factors on which the successful implementation of projects in educational institutions depends. The author analyzes the key positions on this issue: systematized and singled out groups of external and internal risks of educational activities, comprehensively revealed the system of external risks and proposed possible mechanisms for responding to them, outlined the range of losses (economic, social, political and pedagogical) that are the result of risky events; systematized risk groups (external and internal) and their factors of influence that are characteristic of educational projects; assessed risks according to the probability of impact on the project, identification of critical points with a list of unacceptable risks; the matrix of probability of risks importance with the subsequent definition of the most priority risk events is constructed. For effective implementation of educational activities in the field of higher education, it is necessary for higher education institutions to identify risks beforehand, which will reduce uncertainty in the educational institutions activities, determine the direction of movement, which should focus on management, personnel, methodological, research, financial, technological and organizational resource.

Prosthetic joint infections and legal disputes: a threat to the future of prosthetic orthopedics

Prosthetic joint infections (PJI) represent one of the major problems in orthopedic prosthetic surgery. The incidence of PJIs varies according to the site of intervention, and different published case studies report occurrence at 0.5 to 3.0% in the event of first implants, with a significant greater risk in the case of prosthesis revisions. The diagnosis of prosthetic infections is seldom simple, needing a multi-specialist approach, which includes the accurate collection of patient anamnesis, its clinical evaluation, the evaluation of inflammation biomarkers, and the use of imaging techniques. It is essential to identify the bacteria responsible for the infection not only for an accurate diagnosis, but also to select the correct antibiotic treatment. Failure to identify the bacteria involved makes it impossible to establish targeted systemic antibiotic therapy. In developed countries such as Italy, the right to health is guaranteed by the Constitution, where the institutions that provide health services must be staffed by a team of medical professionals that can guarantee the safest possible health pathways. Risk management represents the set of actions aimed at improving the quality of the care provided, the adherence to guidelines and good care practices with the final objective of guaranteeing patients’ safety. All hospitals, including the ones where prosthetic orthopedic surgery is performed, must adopt clinical risk management procedures which, through prospective tools aimed at preventing errors and complications and by retrospective methods, permit the identification of critical points in the different phases of the process and propose actions for improvement. The constant increase in litigation for malpractice in Western countries, especially in Italy, calls for special attention to the problem of PJIs and the in-depth assessment of medico-legal problems, also considering the new legislative initiatives in the field of medical malpractice. Hospitals need to tackle the onset of PJIs in a transparent and linear fashion by constantly informing the patient on their progress.

Resilience Assessment and Critical Point Identification for Urban Water Supply Systems under Uncertain Scenarios

The urban water supply system environment is becoming more complicated and unpredictable than ever before in the context of global climate change and expanding urbanization. Existing studies have adopted either static or dynamic approaches to assess the resilience of water supply systems without combining the two. Previous literature mostly establishes rigid quantitative metrics for resilience assessment, often without depicting the dynamics and adaptability of system resilience. For example, these studies usually fail to provide a critical point for identifying system resilience. To accurately describe the dynamics and adaptability of water supply system resilience under uncertain scenarios, in this study, we constructed a comprehensive framework based on the qualitative assessment of the input parameters, combining static and dynamic assessment, with the latter playing a dominant role based on the system perspective of pressure–state–influence–response. Taking Qingdao as a case study, we combined this framework with the system resilience theory, and statically assessed the five types of capitals and three attributes of resilience with the capital portfolio approach (CPA). Then, we dynamically assessed the resilience of urban water supply systems and identified critical points with the dynamic socio-technical model coupled with system resilience and the fitting analysis method. The results are as follows: (1) the static assessment results demonstrate an imbalanced development in the levels of the five types of capitals (financial capital, management efficiency, infrastructure, available water resources, and adaptation) and three attributes (robustness, recoverability, and adaptability) in the water supply systems of Qingdao. (2) The dynamic assessment results show that the current resilience trajectory of the water supply systems in Qingdao is that of a city in transition. (3) The fitting analysis shows that robustness (RB) has a linear relationship with resilience, recoverability (RE) has a non-linear relationship with resilience, and the critical points are RB = 0.70 and RE = 1.20. The research findings provide a reference for studying resilience mechanisms, internal attribute relationships, and resilience enhancement measures of urban water supply systems.

Rational allocation of the resource designated for comprehensive safety assurance at an enterprise: the problem statement

Introduction. Corporate resources translate into a strong in-house capacity that ensures sustainable production processes. We present a novel integrated area of activity, whose purpose is to solve problems by identifying the factors of influence, coming from employees of versatile departments (structural units) and focused on industryspecific (sectoral) functions that are part of the comprehensive safety system of an enterprise.Methods of research. The author employed the established methods of comprehensive safety assurance to analyze a number of approaches. He also explored the features of their application. The author also substantiated the choice of the Lagrange multiplier method, used to formulate the problem of rational allocation of the resource designated for the sustainable performance of functions that assure the comprehensive safety of an enterprise.Problem statement. The author addresses the problem of rational allocation of the resource (the labor potential), considered as a factor of influence produced on the sustainable performance of industry-specific (sectoral) functions that comprise the system of comprehensive safety of an enterprise. An exemplary solution. The author offers an example that represents a description of the process of consecutive identification of critical points that are relevant to the impact (a coefficient) produced by the personnel on the sustainable performance of industry-specific (sectoral) functions that contribute to the comprehensive safety of an enterprise.Conclusions. Solutions for specific tasks, forming part of a methodologically described problem, will make it possible to develop a methodology for the synthesis of the comprehensive safety which is adaptable to different conditions of operation of an enterprise (day-to-day operations, as well as threats and emergencies of natural and man-induced origin), and each is of great economic importance for Russia.

METHOD OF OBTAINING BIOACTIVATED SUPPLEMENTS FOR FOOD ON THE BASIS OF SEEDS SEAFLOWS

An original method of treating sea buckthorn seeds has been proposed, which allows to increase the biological value of the feedstock. The analysis of the bioactivation of sea buckthorn seeds in vitro allowed us to identify common methodological approaches in the registration of the initial stages. As a criterion for the effectiveness of swelling and tempering parameters, the bioactivation ability was analyzed. The process of bioactivation of sea buckthorn seeds was investigated by the dynamics of changes in the geometric parameters of seeds, using the automated Zerno program and determining the microstructure. The study of the microstructure of seeds is of great importance to identify the relationship between the structure and their biological value. Identification of critical points makes it possible to integrate the process, and taking into account the morphological features, microstructure and chemical composition of seeds – the content of protein, fat, vitamins allows you to navigate the dynamics of the bioactivation process. A method for producing bioactivated sea buckthorn seeds involves soaking the seeds, sonication, aging for 24 hours, drying and grinding. Under the influence of its own enzymes, the morphology and microstructure of the anatomical parts of the seeds undergoes irreversible changes. The bioactivation method improves the quality of sea buckthorn seeds by increasing their biological value.
 The modernization of the technological process for the treatment of sea buckthorn seeds, which allows to obtain an innovative product while maintaining functional properties.
 The technical result of bioactivation of sea buckthorn seeds is to improve the quality of the finished product, reducing the duration of the process, increasing the biological value of seeds, expanding the range of food additives of plant origin.