Identification Of Categories Research Articles

A socio-spatial perspective of multi-dimensional poverty in Delta state, Nigeria

This paper examined the socio-spatial factors influencing the severity of multi-dimensional poverty at the household level with a view to untangle the variations over space. Studies of multi-dimensional poverty at the household level rarely focus on multiple deprivations, poverty severity and variation in the distribution of multi-dimensional poverty. Stratified sampling technique was adopted while 2521 households were randomly selected for the survey. Geographical information system (GIS), principal component analysis (PCA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine urban poverty variations experienced. Multi-dimensional poverty was measured based on deprivations in more than 50% of multi-dimensional indicators adopted. The most deprived households were found in delta south senatorial district with a severity index of 1729. The severity index of deprived households varies from 0.1729 in Delta South Senatorial District to 0.1463 in Delta North to 0.1418 in Delta Central along education, health and living standard dimensions. The result of the ANOVA based on further analysis of the extracted components in the PCA is statistically significant at p ≤ 0.001 with F value of (F = 527.305). Identification of different poverty categories and inclusion of the multi-dimensionally poor in poverty reduction policies is vital to the eradication of poverty in Delta state.

Equivariant dendroidal sets

We extend the Cisinski-Moerdijk-Weiss theory of $\infty$-operads to the equivariant setting to obtain a notion of $G$-$\infty$-operads that encode "equivariant operads with norm maps" up to homotopy. At the root of this work is the identification of a suitable category of $G$-trees together with a notion of $G$-inner horns capable of encoding the compositions of norm maps. Additionally, we follow Blumberg and Hill by constructing suitable variants associated to each of the indexing systems featured in their work.

Development of Mathematical Models for Identification of the Category of the Technical Condition of Building Constructions on the Basis of Fuzzy Logic

Статья содержит обоснование актуальности и необходимости разработки экспертных систем оценки технического состояния строительных объектов. Представлено описание структуры, методов построения и принципов работы нечеткой экспертной системы определения категории технического состояния строительных конструкций. Особенность описания состояния строительной конструкции заключается в неопределенности, источниками которой могут быть: невозможность точного измерения контролируемых величин; неточность исполнительских действий; невозможность четкого описания ситуации и т. п. Принятие решения о состоянии связано с решением задачи при весьма нечетких исходных данных, связанных с приблизительными «лингвистическими» характеристиками входных параметров (дефектов и повреждений конструкции, прочности материалов и пр.). Процесс определения категории технического состояния представляется как совокупность взаимосвязанных этапов (подзадач) решения поставленной задачи. Для оперативного выполнения этих этапов с помощью системного онтологического анализа произведена интеграция соответствующих подзадач в виде многоуровневой иерархической структуры (онтографа). Иерархический принцип позволяет упорядочить декларативные знания по этапам и скоординировать результаты решений соответствующих подзадач, используя разнородные информационные потоки. Построение формальных схем и моделей решения задач, характеризующихся недостаточностью информации, противоречивостью и малой достоверностью при обследовании строительных объектов, позволяет выполнять теория нечетких множеств и ее приложения. Определение четкого значения категории технического состояния предусматривает использование модели нечеткого логического вывода Мамдани. Формирование соответствующих баз знаний по Мамдани, в которой все значения входных и выходной переменных заданы нечеткими множествами, не вызывает трудностей у эксперта. Результаты исследований использованы при разработке исследовательского варианта экспертной системы для оценки технического состояния железобетонных изгибаемых элементов. Апробации и верификация программы проводилась на реально существующих конструкциях эксплуатируемых зданий и сооружений.

Identification of Crucial Risks Categories in Construction Projects in Tanzania

Identification of Crucial Risks Categories in Construction Projects in Tanzania

A Stepwise Procedure to Define a Data Collection Framework for a Clinical Biobank.

Current guidelines for clinical biobanking have a strong focus on obtaining, handling, and storage of biospecimens. However, to allow for research tying biomarker analysis to clinical decision making, there should be more focus on collection of data on donor characteristics. Therefore, our aim was to develop a stepwise procedure to define a framework as a tool to help start the data collection process in clinical biobanking. The Radboud Biobank (RB) is a central clinical biobanking facility designed in accordance with the standards set by the Parelsnoer Institute, a Dutch national biobank originally initiated with eight different disease cohorts. To organize the information of these cohorts, we used our experience and knowledge in the field of biobanking and translational research to identify research domains and information categories to classify data. We extended this classification system to a stepwise procedure for defining a data collection framework and examined its utility for existing RB biobanks. Our approach resulted in the definition of a three-step procedure: (1) Identification of research domains and relevant questions within the field that may benefit from biobank samples. (2) Identification of information categories and accompanying subcategories that are relevant for answering questions in identified research domains. (3) Reduction to an efficient framework based on essentiality and quality criteria. We showed the utility of the procedure for three existing RB biobanks. We developed guidelines for the definition of a framework that supports the standardization of the biobank data collection process. Connecting the biobank database to pertinent information collected from the electronic health record will improve data quality and efficiency for both care and research. This is crucial when using the corresponding biospecimens for scientific research. Further, it also facilitates the combination of different clinical biobanks for a specific disease.

Value proposition analysis applied to military training airplane design concept

Among the current first-line Western fighter aircraft are the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor, Dassault Rafale, F-35 Lightning II, and Eurofighter Typhoon. On July 31st, 2015, the first F-35 squadron was declared ready for deployment after intensive testing by the United States military. However, since the First Gulf War the geopolitical scenario shows the predominance of a new type of conflict and the recent combat operations require different aircraft characteristics when compared with cold war-era types. The present work analyzes the market for military training/light attack aircraft over several decades, taking into account this environment. The authors of the present work believe that only innovative new designs can justify the substitution of current aircraft types in service. Thus, traditional market analysis considering replacement of existing fleets may not suffice to estimate the market potential of each new proposal. The market profile obtained is the result of profound analysis of the global fleet of trainer aircraft and their missions combined with geopolitical and economic forecasts. At first, the analysis carried out here considered a macro view of the market. A segmentation was proposed, after the identification of the major categories. The second part of the study uses the value proposition concept and analyzes the market perspectives for each of four suggested value propositions, through a bottom-up analysis. The value propositions summarize how a product differs from the others, and what a product can offer to a prospective customer. Thus, successful companies will be those who can identify the most interesting slices of the market and address the right product to them. The proposed method helps to offer more value to the customer for the same price, increasing competitiveness. Considering the phases and duration of aircraft design, the identification of the best value proposition during the product conceptual design is crucial to find out the best suitable configuration to the market. In this process, engineers and designers need to be provided with full freedom not only to suggest the value propositions, but also to maximize the chosen proposition throughout the project. The article concludes that the engineering shall be fully integrated into the market analysis as a way to both optimize the market potential of the new product.

Investigation of Aspect Based Turkish Sentiment Analysis Subtasks – Identification of Aspect Term, Aspect Category And Sentiment Polarity

Geleneksel olarak doküman veya cümle seviyesinde yürütülen duygu analizi çalışmaları, hedef tabanlı duygu analizi çalışmalarının ortaya çıkması ile yeni bir seviyeye taşınmıştır. Hedef tabanlı duygu analizi (Aspect based sentiment analysis) kısaca, bir metnin içinde yer alan farklı duyguların ilgili oldukları hedef varlıklar ile birlikte tespit edilmesi olarak tanımlanabilir. Güncel tanımlamalar, hedef tabanlı duygu analizini, üç temel alanla (hedef terim, hedef kategori ve duygu sınıfı) temsil edilen duygu tanımlama gruplarını belirlemeyi amaçlayan aşamalı bir görev olarak betimlemektedir. Bu makalede, Türkçe hedef tabanlı duygu analizi konusunda yapılan incelemeler sunulmaktadır. Yürütülen çalışmalar, ABSA 2016 yarışmasındaki görevler (1- Hedef kategori belirleme, 2- Hedef terim belirleme, 3- Hedef kategori ve hedef terimin aynı anda belirlenmesi ve 4- Duygu sınıfı belirleme) takip edilerek tasarlanmış ve yine burada sağlanan Türkçe restoran yorumları veri kümesi üzerinde değerlendirilmişlerdir. Hedef kategori, hedef terim ve ikisinin aynı anda belirlenmesi görevleri için, kelime vektörleri (word vectors) ve doğal dil işleme çıktıları (sözcük ve cümle analizi bilgileri) kullanan koşullu rastgele alanlara (CRF – conditional random fields) dayalı bir dizilim etiketleme algoritması tasarlanmış ve her üç görevi de tek aşamada çözebildiği gösterilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar ile bu ilk üç görev için literatürdeki en yüksek başarımların elde edildiği görülmüştür: Hedef kategori belirlemede %66,7 F1-skoru, hedef terim belirleme %53,2 F1-skoru, hedef kategori ve hedef terimin aynı anda belirlenmesinde %46,7 F1-skoru. Bunun yanı sıra, duygu sınıfı belirleme için cümle analizi sonucunda hedef terime yakın kelimelerden özellik seçimine dayalı bir lineer sınıflandırma yöntemi sunulmuş ve literatürde sınırlı sistemler tarafından raporlanan en başarılı sonuç (%76,1 F1-skoru) elde edilmiştir.

Identification of pain categories associated with change in pain in patients receiving placebo: data from two phase 3 randomized clinical trials in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis

BackgroundPain is the principal clinical symptom of osteoarthritis (OA), and development of safe and effective analgesics for OA pain is needed. Drug development of new analgesics for OA pain is impaired by substantial change in pain in patients receiving placebo, and more data describing clinical characteristics and pain categories particularly associated with this phenomenon is needed.The purpose of this post-hoc analysis was to investigate clinical characteristics and pain categories and their association with radiographic progression and placebo pain reduction (PPR) in OA patients as measured the Western Ontario and McMasters Arthritis (WOMAC).MethodsPooled data from the placebo groups of two phase III randomized clinical trials in patients with knee OA followed for 2 years were analyzed. Differences between individual sub-scores and pain categories of weight-bearing and non-weight bearing pain over time were assessed. Selected patient baseline characteristics were assessed for association with PPR. Association between pain categories and radiographic progression was analyzed.ResultsThe reduction of pain in placebo-treated patients was significantly higher in the composite of questions related to weight-bearing pain compared to non-weight-bearing pain of the target knee. Baseline BMI, age and JSW were not associated with pain change. Pain reduction was higher in the Target knee, compared to the Non-Target knee at all corresponding time-points. A very weak correlation was found between weight-bearing pain and progression in the non-target knee.ConclusionsThese results indicate that the reduction in pain in patients treated with placebo is significantly different between pain categories, as weight-bearing pain was significantly more reduced compared to non-weight-bearing pain. Further research in pain categories in OA is warranted.Trial RegistrationNCT00486434 (trial 1) and NCT00704847 (trial 2)

A life cycle assessment data analysis toolkit for the design of novel processes – A case study for a thermal cracking process for mixed plastic waste

The earlier in the development of a process a design change is made, the lower the cost and the higher the impact on the final performance. This applies equally to environmental and technical performance, but in practice the environmental aspects often receive less attention. To maximise sustainability, it is important to review all of these aspects through each stage, not just after the design. Tools that integrate environmental goals into the design process would enable the design of more environmentally friendly processes at a lower cost. This paper brings together approaches based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) including comparisons of design changes, hotspot analysis, identification of key impact categories, environmental break-even analysis, and decision analysis using ternary diagrams that give detailed guidance for design while not requiring high quality data. The tools include hotspot analysis to reveal which unit operations dominate the impacts and therefore should be the focus of further detailed process development. This approach enables the best variants to be identified so that the basic design can be improved to reduce all significant environmental impacts. The tools are illustrated by a case study on the development of a novel process with several variants: thermal cracking of mixed plastic waste to produce a heavy hydrocarbon product that can displace crude oil, naphtha, or refinery wax or be used as a fuel. The results justified continuing with the development by confirming that the novel process is likely to be a better environmental option than landfill or incineration. The general approach embodied in the toolkit should be applicable in the development of any new process, particularly one producing multiple products.

Fuzzy c-means segmentation of major vessels in angiographic images of stroke.

Patients suffering from ischemic stroke develop varying degrees of pial arterial supply (PAS), which can affect patient response to reperfusion therapy and risk of hemorrhage. Since vessel segmentation may be an important part in identifying PAS, we present a fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering method to segment major vessels in x-ray angiograms. Our approach consists of semiautomatic region of interest (ROI) delineation, separation of major vessels from capillary blush and/or background noise through FCM clustering, and identification of the major vessel category. This method was applied to a database of x-ray angiograms of 24 patients acquired at various frame rates. The ground truth for performance evaluation was the designation by an expert radiologist selecting image pixels as being vessel or nonvessel. From receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, area under the ROC curve (AUC) was the performance metric in the task of distinguishing between major vessels and blush or background. When clustering data into three categories and performing FCM segmentation on each ROI separately, the AUC was 0.89 for the entire database and [Formula: see text] for all examined frame-rates. In conclusion, our method showed promising performance in identifying major vessels and is anticipated to become an integral part of automatic quantification of PAS.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) for assessment of qualitative classification of Norway spruce in temperate forest stands

The study investigates the potential of UAV-based remote sensing technique for monitoring of Norway spruce health condition in the affected forest areas. The objectives are: (1) to test the applicability of UAV visible an near-infrared (VNIR) and geometrical data based on Z values of point dense cloud (PDC) raster to separate forest species and dead trees in the study area; (2) to explore the relationship between UAV VNIR data and individual spruce health indicators from field sampling; and (3) to explore the possibility of the qualitative classification of spruce health indicators. Analysis based on NDVI and PDC raster was successfully applied for separation of spruce and silver fir, and for identification of dead tree category. Separation between common beech and fir was distinguished by the object-oriented image analysis. NDVI was able to identify the presence of key indicators of spruce health, such as mechanical damage on stems and stem resin exudation linked to honey fungus infestation, while stem damage by peeling was identified at the significance margin. The results contributed to improving separation of coniferous (spruce and fir) tree species based on VNIR and PDC raster UAV data, and newly demonstrated the potential of NDVI for qualitative classification of spruce trees. The proposed methodology can be applicable for monitoring of spruce health condition in the local forest sites.

Family composing the soundtrack of its reintegration: a theoretical model.

to understand the meaning of the family's reintegration attributed by the family experiencing it and to construct a representative theoretical model of this experience. this is a qualitative study, conducted with four families with a total of 20 interviewees, with Symbolic Interactionism as theoretical framework, Grounded Theory as methodological, participant observation and the experience of musical making, mediating the interview as strategies of data collection. a comparative analysis of the data led to the identification of the main category and to the construction of the theoretical model TRYING TO REBUILD WHAT WAS BROKEN. the family experiencing reintegration lives a process of reconstruction that allows to revisit situations of abandonment and review the behavior of caring and re-meaning of family coexistence. For the health professional, this study invites to think about this theme and to review the concept of family, in order to create their own sense of care.

Conceptual framework of an assessment of an economic impact of an enterprise

In the context of the “middle income trap” discussion and promotion of domestic enterprises, the paper proposes a method aiming at identification and calculation of benefits of national economy that are brought by an enterprise. Research method consists of identification of categories impacting value added created by a firm and of testing such a tool using financial statements of three public companies. Scoring an enterprise bases upon sum of taxes and remuneration of labour and capital, i.e. corporate income tax, salaries and other benefits of employees, as well as capital accumulation together with profit shared among domestic residents. In order to take into account the scale of an enterprise and to measure efficiency of production factors’ use, this sum is then divided by firm’s assets’ value. Conclusions cover the conformation of leaving aside the nationality of firm owners, inquiry into the degree of accuracy in which the method corresponds to the economic reality and potential inclusion of additional criteria of measuring social impact of an enterprise.

Terminological Field “Surgical Instruments” of German Language as Result of Cognitive Activity of Specialist

This article focuses on the influence of cognitive activities of a medical specialist on formation and development of the terminological field “surgical instruments” of the German language. The terminological field “surgical instruments” of the German language was analysed by means of definitional, categorical, conceptual analysis, as well as by means of the method of frame modeling. It was found that the identification of categories of the terminological field “surgical instruments” helps us to understand the correlation of cognitive and linguistic structures, since the form and the content of the term contain information about the mechanism of the process of nomination. Frame is a group of categories and cognitive features. It contains certain terminological units that specify the instrument, indicate the form, size and its other characteristics.

How I started home schooling: founding stories of mothers who home school their children

Home schooling has become increasingly widespread in recent decades. Much research has been conducted regarding different aspects of the practice, including parents’ reasons for choosing home schooling. These are often quantitative studies that directly examine these reasons and frequently cite rational reasons. In contrast, the present research is a qualitative study that examined stories in order to understand the initial reasons underlying the decision of parents to educate their children at home. An analysis of interviews with 25 mothers who home school their children yielded numerous reasons for home schooling, including some that have not been cited in the research literature. Unlike previous studies, the present examination indicated two categories: rational, deliberate change and arbitrary change. The use of open research tools that indirectly inquire about the reasons for choosing home schooling enabled the identification of a second category, arbitrary change. The implications of these results for researchers of home schooling, home-schooling families and policy-makers are discussed.

Variability in the Syntax of Idioms

Given that the meaning of idioms is not predictable from the literal meaning of their parts, we can broadly define idioms as expressions with a non-compositional interpretation. Since language is a compositional system, this characteristic of idioms might suggest that they are atomic building blocks of language with no internal syntax. However, that turns out not to be the case. This paper explores the syntax of English verbal idioms and their degree of compositionality. Idioms do have an internal syntactic structure that is actually variable to an extent and, despite being superficially similar, different idioms exhibit different syntactic properties. The topics discussed include the variability of determiners in idioms, the subcategorisation of idioms based on their relative compositionality into two groups that behave differently with respect to their syntactic flexibility, and the identification of grammatical categories that are obligatory components of certain idioms but not others.

Barriers perceived by health directors for evidenced-based decision-makingObstáculos percibidos por los directores de servicios de salud para la toma de decisiones basada en la evidencia

RESUMOObjetivo.Identificar as barreiras para tomada de decisão baseada em evidências na prevenção de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis segundo a percepção dos administradores de saúde no estado do Paraná.Métodos.Foram realizadas entrevistas por telefone com 20 diretores de regionais de saúde, por meio de um roteiro semiestruturado. As entrevistas foram realizadas em 2015 e tiveram duração média de 23 minutos. Após transcrição, o conteúdo das entrevistas foi analisado para identificação de categorias.Resultados.Foram identificadas duas categorias de barreiras, organizacionais e pessoais. As barreiras organizacionais mais frequentes foram: “falta de planejamento e gestão” e “características regionais e culturais da população”. As barreiras pessoais mais frequentes foram: “falta de incentivo e dificuldades para trabalhar com evidências científicas” e “falta de capacitação e qualificação profissional”.Conclusão.Sugere-se reforçar o apoio aos profissionais de saúde através de cursos de capacitação técnica que envolvam esforços políticos e científicos e que atendam as prioridades de saúde da comunidade.

Las ciudades en la gobernanza global multinivel: una aproximación teórica

The performance of cities as an efficient and influential political force in multilevel global governance is becoming more and more relevant in this millennia; for example, in the provision of solutions to local problems that can be tailored globally, and vice-a-versa. This is one of the manifestations of the potential of cities within global governance, and from there the opportune approach of an agenda of investigation of the context of the city in relation to its role in the global context beyond the Paradiplomacy and the Global City approaches. That in turn implies an identification and analysis of categories of key investigation such as: image, agency, and identity, with the objective to generate not only points of debate, but more importantly a theoretical proposal that later supports the approach of empirical work that is necessary to set and confirm the budgets of the city within the context of multilevel global governance.

Sharing End-of-Life Care Preferences with Family Members: Who Has the Discussion and Who Does Not.

Research suggests that greater engagement in family discussions concerning end-of-life (EOL) care preferences could improve advance care planning and EOL outcomes. However, a substantial number of people have not had such discussions. The study's objective was to understand attitudes and experiences influencing engagement in discussions of EOL care preferences with family members, including the role of healthcare providers in such discussions. We conducted focus group interviews with 36 non-Hispanic White, African American, and Hispanic community-dwelling participants. Participants were divided among groups to explore differences between those who had or had not engaged in EOL care discussions. Atlas.ti version 7 was used to analyze data employing an open-coding method. Participants' mean age was 70 (range: 58-87); three-fourths were female (n = 27). Twenty were white, non-Hispanic; 10 were African American; and 6 were Hispanic. Four themes emerged from the data, (1) being proactive or passive/reactive; (2) perceiving discussion of death as normal or abnormal; (3) response to family resistance/disconnection; and (4) knowledge acquired. A fifth theme, the role of healthcare providers in family EOL care discussions, resulted from facilitators' questions. Theme examination led to identification of a central category, decision-making. It is important to understand the differing experiences and attitudes of those who do or do not engage in EOL discussions. Research is needed on healthcare practitioners' use of decision-making tools to help patients discuss their EOL care preferences with family and others, the goal of which is to provide care consistent with patients' goals.

DLP: REDUCED RISK OF LEAKAGE OF CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION OF THE BANK

Research application of DLP-system for protection of confidential information, a methodology for adapting the DLP-system to the specific activities of the organization, comparative analysis of the results of standard and adapted DLP-systems in the Bank. Developed: a technique for analyzing information security events, algorithm for responding to identified events, methodology and procedures for adapting the standard DLP-system to the specifics of the Bank’s activities. The methodology for adapting a standard DLP-system to the specifics of the Bank’s work consists of the following activities: identification of critical corporate information categories, audit of information systems, description of current risks and their assessment, introduction of rules for Bank’s critical information and setting up a DLP system in accordance with the specifics of the Bank’s work. Modernization of the configuration of a standard DLP-system includes the following procedures: selection of confidential information of the Bank based on membership criteria, setting up detection, creating perimeters and developing an algorithm for responding to identified information security events in the Bank. The algorithm is designed to improve the efficiency of the response of information security officers in cases of incident detection and describes the stages of the subsequent actions. The results of the research prove that using an adapted DLP-system significantly reduces the number of false positives, increasing the accuracy of detecting confidential information and reducing the risk of leakage of critical information outside the corporate network. The application of the adapted DLP-system in the Bank allowed to increase the speed of response of information security specialists to the information security events detected by the DLP-system adapted to the Bank, and also allowed the DLP-system to transition from the copy mode to the blocking mode of illegitimate transfer of information.