Identification Of Bacteria Research Articles

RESIST ACINETO test for the rapid detection of NDM and OXA acquired carbapenemases directly from blood culture in Acinetobacter species.

The incidence of bloodstream infections with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) could be very high in some countries such as the Balkans or Southeast Asia. In case of positive blood cultures with Gram-negative bacteria, the use of the RESIST ACINETO test could prove highly beneficial for the rapid identification of these imipenem-resistant bacteria and their antibiotic resistance mechanisms. In addition, it is now well established that New-Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM) carbapenemase-producing isolates can have increased MICs of cefiderocol, which is an alternative treatment for these infections. This test may also allow the optimization of treatment based on the type of carbapenemase present. Finally, the RESIST ACINETO test is a rapid, easy-to-use, and cost-effective assay that demonstrates excellent performance in detecting the major acquired carbapenemases present in the Acinetobacter species.

Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria from Ready to Eat Fast Foods from Kothanur, Bangalore.

Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria from Ready to Eat Fast Foods from Kothanur, Bangalore.

Personalized identification of autism-related bacteria in the gut microbiome using explainable artificial intelligence

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects social interaction and communication. Emerging evidence links ASD to gut microbiome alterations, suggesting that microbial composition may play a role in the disorder. This study employs explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) to examine the contributions of individual microbial species to ASD. By using local explanation embeddings and unsupervised clustering, the research identifies distinct ASD subgroups, underscoring the disorder's heterogeneity. Specific microbial biomarkers associated with ASD are revealed, and the best classifiers achieved an AU-ROC of 0.965± 0.005 and an AU-PRC of 0.967± 0.008. The findings support the notion that gut microbiome composition varies significantly among individuals with ASD. This work's broader significance lies in its potential to inform personalized interventions, enhancing precision in ASD management and classification. These insights highlight the importance of individualized microbiome profiles for developing tailored therapeutic strategies for ASD.

Isolation and Molecular Identification of Novel Chicken Feather Degrading Bacteria Bacillus tropicus KRKJVR 5

The isolation and molecular identification of a novel chicken feather-degrading bacterium, Bacillus tropicus KRKJVR 5, were conducted to explore its potential in biotechnological applications. Soil samples collected from various sites in Suryapet district, Telangana, were screened using the enrichment culture method to identify potential keratinolytic producers. A total of ten bacterial isolates were initially identified, out of which five isolates demonstrated significant feather degradation on feather-containing agar media. Among these, Isolate 5 exhibited the highest keratinase activity, completely degrading feathers within 48 hours and producing 8.66 U/ml of keratinase, as determined by the Azocasein assay. Morphological and biochemical tests characterized Isolate 5 as a rod-shaped, Gram-positive Bacillus species with positive results for spore staining, Voges-Proskauer, catalase, starch hydrolysis, and carbohydrate fermentation tests, and negative results for indole, methyl red, citrate, H2S, and urease tests. Definitive genetic identification through 16S rRNA sequencing and comparison with the NCBI database confirmed Isolate 5 as Bacillus tropicus KRKJVR 5, with a 92% similarity to other Bacillus tropicus strains. The sequence data was submitted to NCBI and assigned the accession number PP859287. These findings highlight the potential of Bacillus tropicus KRKJVR 5 for efficient keratin degradation, making it a promising candidate for various industrial and environmental applications.

ITO-Coated Vertical Nanowires-Based Biosensors for the Label-Free Detection of Escherichia coli

A major concern in public health is the direct in-situ detection of pathogenic bacteria in food, beverages, and the air [1]. This study utilizes ITO-coated vertical nanowires (ITO-VNWs) as sensing substrates for the detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli). The innovation in this research lies in the direct detection of various concentrations of E. coli using boronic acid (BA)-modified ITO-VNWs connected to a benchtop E4980A precision LCR meter. Impedance spectra were expressed in terms of real and imaginary parts, corresponding to resistance (R) and reactance (X). Serial dilutions of E. coli were prepared in saline for bacterial enumeration and tested using the standard plate count method. Subsequently, 100 μl of each bacterial dilutions (107, 106, 105, 104, 103, 102, and 101 CFU/ml) were applied to BA-modified ITO-VNWs. In summary, BA-modified ITO-VNWs demonstrated accurate and distinct detection of varying concentrations of E. coli. This accomplishment highlights the promising potential of our BA-modified ITO-VNW biosensor for precise bacterial detection across diverse applications. Further exploration and optimization of this platform could lead to advancements in the rapid and specific identification of pathogenic bacteria, making it an invaluable tool in the realm of public health and environmental safety. REFERENCES [1] A. Ahmed, J.V. Rushworth, N.A. Hirst, P.A. Millner, Biosensors for whole-cell bacterial detection, Clin Microbiol Rev 27(3) (2014) 631-46. Figure 1

Antimicrobial susceptibility in bacterial isolates from water and agricultural products of the Chanchán river, Chimborazo Province, Ecuador

Introduction: river contamination with pathogenic and multidrug-resistant microorganisms is a public health issue due to its impact on health and its potential to transmit infectious diseases. Objective: To determine the presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in irrigation water samples and agricultural products from the Chachán River. Method: a descriptive, non-experimental study with a quantitative and cross-sectional approach was conducted. Water samples were collected from six different points, and pH and temperature were measured. Additionally, 13 agricultural product samples from the same points were analyzed. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria were performed using the VITEK2 system and amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Results: a total of 17 bacterial strains were isolated from the water samples, 16 of which (94 %) belonged to the order Enterobacterales, including Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Morganella morganii, and Citrobacter diversus. From the agricultural products, 24 bacteria were isolated, including species of Klebsiella, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Enterococcus faecalis. Antimicrobial resistance was observed in various strains, notably P. mirabilis, C. diversus, and P. vulgaris with multiple resistances. Resistance was also identified in pathogenic strains such as Yersinia enterocolitica, Plesiomonas shigelloides, and Aeromonas hydrophila. Conclusions: the Chachan River and the agricultural products irrigated with its waters contain multidrug-resistant bacteria, posing a significant risk to public health. It is crucial to implement control and monitoring measures to reduce the spread of these pathogens and ensure food safety

Viruses and Non‐Woven Polymers: Surface Properties and Future Perspectives in Sampling for Wastewater‐Based Epidemiology

AbstractEnvironmental disease monitoring initiatives such as wastewater‐based epidemiology can offer a unique perspective on the health status of a population. Such efforts are being increasingly utilized to guide public health initiatives and to aid in controlling the spread of infectious diseases. Key to these approaches is the sampling and identification of viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens. Advanced material technologies can be explored for the development of materials suitable for sampling, leading to the retention and detection of viruses. Here, how the surface interactions between viruses and adsorbent materials can inform the future development of effective, novel materials to aid in sampling viruses for wastewater‐based epidemiology are considered. This review provides a summary of the surface properties of viruses along with their physiochemical interactions with adsorbent materials at the solid‐water interface. Also discussed are the properties of non‐woven polymer membranes, a newer material technology being employed for the retention of viruses, with a focus on virus‐capture applications in aqueous environments.

Investigation of different methods in rapid microbial identification directly from positive blood culture bottles by MALDI-TOF MS.

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition, and rapid and accurate identification of the causative microorganisms from blood cultures is crucial for timely and effective treatment. Although there are many studies on direct identification from blood cultures with MALDI-TOF MS, further standardization is still needed. In our study, we analyzed the performance of three different preparation methods and compared by using two analysis modules of the Bruker Biotyper MALDI-TOF MS for direct identification of bacteria from numerous positive blood culture bottles. The literature reports a limited number of studies that compare different preparation methods for direct blood culture identification, processing a large number of blood samples concurrently and evaluating the same samples as in our study. Moreover, although SDS is used very frequently in medical laboratories, there are few studies on direct identification from blood culture bottles. In our study, the highest correct identification rate was observed with the SDS method.

Identification of promising lactic acid bacteria for the fermentation of lupine‐ and faba bean‐based substrates to produce refreshing protein‐rich beverages—A strain screening

AbstractLupines and faba beans are rising stars among legumes as sources of valuable, vegan plant‐based proteins. To enter new application areas like the production of protein‐rich refreshing beverages, the typical beany aroma impression has to be overcome, and the sensory appearance has to be improved, as it can be accomplished with lactic acid fermentation. An extensive strain screening of 70 lactic acid bacteria from 16 genera was performed to identify suitable strains to transform substrates made from lupines and faba beans into refreshing beverages and to improve their sensory characteristics. By analyzing carbohydrate utilization, production of organic acids and aroma compounds, and sensory appearance, 22 strains for lupine and eight strains for faba bean were preselected. Subsequently, the most suitable strains (five for lupine and three for faba beans) were identified by a trained sensory panel, and finally their growth kinetics were discussed. Generally, the aroma profile varied highly with the utilized strain. However, by selecting suitable strains, the beany impression can be highly reduced and pleasant aroma impressions (e.g., fruity and buttermilk) can be added. Most strikingly, it was proven that using germinated lupines and faba beans instead of raw ones can bypass the usual growth restriction, and the strain selection can be focused exclusively on sensory aspects. This opens the option to use strains usually excluded for the fermentation of legumes due to their lack of utilization of the legume‐typical α‐galactosides.

Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections in Pregnancy Association with C -Reactive Protein

Objectives: this study investigates the identification of bacteria that cause urinary tract infections (UTIs) in order to evaluate their resistance to multiple drugs (MDR) and the occurrence of C-reactive protein in UTIs during pregnancy. Methods: in this study, analyzed urine and blood samples from 120 pregnant women in Al Samawa City to identify bacteria causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) during pregnancy. Escherichia coli is the most common pathogenic bacterium, responsible for UTIs connected to pregnancy. C-reactive protein is a highly responsive protein that is used to detect infectious or inflammatory disorders. Results: out of the total sample, 102 (85 %) were positive for different types of bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Coagulase negative staphylococci, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter cloacae complex, Kocuria rhizophila, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Conclusion: the study found that nitrofurantoin is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, while cephalexin is ineffective against them. This study recorded the highest CRP concentration above normal range in pregnant women infected with K. pneumonia, followed by pregnant women infected with P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis, in contrast lowest CRP within normal range in non-pregnant women 44 specimens (control), at p. value < 0,05

Prosthetic joint infection caused by Mediterraneibacter gnavus following total knee arthroplasty, challenges in anaerobic bacteria identification

BackgroundMediterraneibacter gnavus is a Gram positive, non-sporulated, obligate anaerobe diplococci. It was first described in 1974 by Moore et al. (under the name Ruminococcus gnavus) from faeces and contents of the gastrointestinal tract of humans. It is a relatively common member of the human gut microbiota, nevertheless its role as a pathogenic bacterium has not been completely elucidated yet and it seems to depend on numerous factors, including those of the host. Here we present a case of prosthetic joint infection following total knee arthroplasty by M. gnavus.Case presentationA 74 years old patient was admitted to the emergency department presenting with acute onset of left knee pain and swelling 20 days after total left knee arthroplasty. Follow-up revealed erythema and oedema without signs of fluctuation or purulent discharge from the surgical wound and elevated inflammatory reactants. Synovial fluid was taken for bacterial culture and antibiotic treatment with ceftazidime and daptomycin was established. Examination of the synovial fluid revealed abundant polymorphonuclear leucocytes, without visualizing bacteria. After four days of incubation, anaerobic culture exhibit growth of small, grey, umbilicated colonies in pure culture on Schaedler agar. The microorganism was identified as R. gnavus by MALDI-TOF (Bruker Daltonics) and M. gnavus by 16S ribosomal bacterial sequencing. The isolated showed susceptibility to the most commonly used anaerobicidal antibiotics except for clindamycin. Surgical treatment and infection source control included DAIR (debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention) and vacuum assisted therapy. The patient was discharged after six weeks with a 3-month course of oral amoxicillin as consolidation therapy. Subsequent follow-up revealed adequate wound healing with no signs of infection.ConclusionsMediterraneibacter gnavus have been reported as the causal microorganism in a range of human infections, nevertheless its identification remains challenging. Infection of prosthetic joints by anaerobic microorganisms is uncommon and is not considered in its empirical antibiotic treatment, thus, correct and swift identification of anaerobic bacteria in these cases is paramount.

Genomic characterisation of a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae co-harbouring blaNDM-1, blaKPC-2, and tet(A) isolated from the bloodstream infections of patients

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), a superbug that can be difficult or impossible to treat, has become a worldwide problem. This study presents the first report of a CRKP strain carrying a plasmid co-harbouring blaNDM-1, blaKPC-2, and tet(A) and the subsequent analysis of its genomic features. Isolation and identification of bacteria, antimicrobial susceptibility test, whole genome sequencing, and conjugation experiments assay were conducted in clinical epidemiological investigations and plasmid genetic characterisation analysis. A total of 116 strains of bacteria were isolated from patients with bloodstream infections (BSI) between 2018 and 2023. A total of 89.66% of the isolates were carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), with the majority (75/116) being CRKP. Among these, a novel plasmid co-harbouring blaNDM-1, blaKPC-2, and tet(A) simultaneously was found in CRKP46, and the three genes mediated conjugation by IS26, ISAba125, and IS26, respectively. This plasmid conferred carbapenem resistance to E. coli J53 after conjugative transfer, which was 2 times greater than that of CRKP46. The present study identified the occurrence of a rare plasmid co-harbouring blaNDM-1, blaKPC-2, and tet(A), and the spread of these genes was mediated by the corresponding mobile elements. The increased carbapenem resistance created by this novel plasmid challenges public health security and poses a potential threat to human health; therefore, it deserves attention.

Isolation and Identification of Xylanase Producing Bacteria from Soil Samples of Kerala

Microorganisms play a very vital role in the biological recycling of plant bio-matter. Xylan is the second most plentiful polysaccharide and is found as an interface between lignin and other polysaccharide in the secondary cell wall. When these polysaccharides are hydrolyzed by a suitable strain of bacteria it will become an end to many environmental issues and had many useful applications such as in paper and pulp industry, food and feed industry, bread quality improvement, agro waste treatment, seed germination, generation of bio-fuels etc. To isolate a suitable strain of bacteria which possess good xylanase activity several samples of soils were collected from various regions of Kerala and were undergone a three step enrichment process. In the primary screening 85 bacterial strains were obtained. 22 isolates produces clear zone during plate assay using beech wood xylan. The isolates which possess more than 0.5cm clear zone were undergone final screening process and the strain PSS 1 showed the maximum enzyme activity of 112.38 U/ml.

Isolation, identification, and evaluation of intestinal bacteria in Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Isolation, identification, and evaluation of intestinal bacteria in Macrobrachium rosenbergii

The Identification of Oral Cariogenic Bacteria through Colorimetric Sensor Array Based on Single-Atom Nanozymes.

Effective identification of multiple cariogenic bacteria in saliva samples is important for oral disease prevention and treatment. Here, a simple colorimetric sensor array is developed for the identification of cariogenic bacteria using single-atom nanozymes (SANs) assisted by machine learning. Interestingly, cariogenic bacteria can increase oxidase-like activity of iron (Fe)─nitrogen (N)─carbon (C) SANs by accelerating electron transfer, and inversely reduce the activity of Fe─N─C further reconstruction with urea. Through machine-learning-assisted sensor array, colorimetric responses are developed as "fingerprints" of cariogenic bacteria. Multiple cariogenic bacteria can be well distinguished by linear discriminant analysis and bacteria at different genera can also be distinguished by hierarchical cluster analysis. Furthermore, colorimetric sensor array has demonstrated excellent performance for the identification of mixed cariogenic bacteria in artificial saliva samples. In view of convenience, precise, and high-throughput discrimination, the developed colorimetric sensor array based on SANs assisted by machine learning, has great potential for the identification of oral cariogenic bacteria so as to serve for oral disease prevention and treatment.

Multispectral pathogens detection in food using multiplex hyperbranched saltatory rolling circle amplification

Foodborne illnesses caused by Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus are a significant public health concern, leading to societal and economic repercussions. It is important to develop a simple and straightforward bacteria detection and identification method. A triple-probe multiplex rolling circle amplification technique has been developed to simultaneously detect Salmonella Typhimurium and S. aureus. This method utilizes fluorophore-labeled long padlock probes targeting S. Typhimurium invA and S. aureus glnA specific genes, along with a pH-based detection approach for direct visual identification. The multiplex hyperbranched saltatory rolling circle amplification assay at 30 °C has showed promising results with synthetic targets within 30 min and real bacteria within 2 h after establishing the detection settings. The assay is specific for S. aureus and S. Typhimurium, with a limit of detection of 39 μM for fluorescence and 78 μM for colorimetric. In the simulative test of this method for the detection of S. Typhimurium and S. aureus in milk, the limit of detection for the fluorescence signal after 2 h of amplification was 10 CFU/mL and 5 CFU/mL, respectively. The detection method was evaluated to be stable enough to detect pathogen for 3.29 months. Consequently, this triple-probe-multiplex rolling circle amplification method displays notable specificity, sensitivity, as well as ease of interpretation when testing food samples for harmful pathogens.

Isolation and identification of postharvest pathogenic bacteria of Syzygium samarangense and antibacterial test of essential oils

With Syzygium samarangense as the test subject，postharvest pathogenic bacteria were isolated，purified，and identified. Their pathogenicity was determined using Koch's postulates，and the antibacterial activity of 36 types of plant essential oils against highly pathogenic bacteria was assessed. The findings indicated that a highly pathogenic fungus was isolated and identified from naturally existing S. samarangense, labeled LW3-1. The pathogenicity rate of strain LW3-1 reached 100% within 2 days of inoculation, and molecular biology identified it as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Among the 36 essential oils, clove, geranium, myrrh, rose and sophora flavescens essential oils (1000 μl/L) had the most significant antibacterial effect on the LW3-1 strain, with an antibacterial rate of 100%. The antibacterial rate of 500 μl/L clove essential oil against the LW3-1 strain was still >85% after 12 days of treatment. In summary, it is determined that the pathogenic bacteria causing postharvest diseases of l S. samarangense is C. gloeosporioides, which is highly pathogenic. 500 μl/L clove essential oil has the best inhibitory effect on C. gloeosporioides.

Isolation and Molecular Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Annona muricata L

Isolation and Molecular Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Annona muricata L

Isolation and identification of postharvest pathogenic bacteria of nectarine and antibacterial test of essential oils

With 'Rose Red' nectarine as the test subject，postharvest pathogenic bacteria were isolated，purified，and identified. Their pathogenicity was determined using Koch's postulates，and the antibacterial activity of 28 types of plant essential oils against highly pathogenic bacteria was assessed.The results showed that a highly pathogenic pathogenic fungus TBZ1-9 was isolated and identified from peach fruits and had a high genetic relationship with Fusarium oxysporum. Among the 28 essential oils, mustard and Achyranthes essential oil (1000 μl/L) had the most significant antibacterial effect on strain TBZ1-9, with an antibacterial rate of 100%.500 μl/L Achyranthes essential oil had the best inhibitory effect on the TBZ1-9 strain, and the antibacterial rate was still >85% after 12 days of treatment. In summary, it was determined that the pathogen causing postharvest diseases of nectarines is Fusarium oxysporum, which is highly pathogenic. 500 μl/L Achyranthes essential oil has the best inhibitory effect on F. oxysporum.

Isolation and identification of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria from Daqu and mining of bacteriocin gene

Isolation and identification of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria from Daqu and mining of bacteriocin gene