Secure Identification Research Articles

The Critical View of Safety: Why It Is Not the Only Method of Ductal Identification Within the Standard of Care in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.

The Critical View of Safety: Why It Is Not the Only Method of Ductal Identification Within the Standard of Care in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.

Simulation of physically unclonable function based on disordered photonic structure

Physically unclonable function (PUF) is a novel physical security object consisting of disordered structure that cannot feasibly be cloned. It is a very promising and trustworthy solution for the field of hardware security. Here we present a simulation of disordered photonic PUF by calculating the scattered distribution of the electromagnetic field. The uniqueness and tamper-evident properties of disordered photonic PUF are demonstrated, which are very important for many applications such as secure authentication, identification and cryptographic key generation.

Hand Tremor Based Biometric Recognition Using Leap Motion Device

In this paper, the applicability of hand tremor-based biometric recognition via leap motion device is investigated. The hypothesis is that the hand tremor is unique for humans and can be utilized as a biometric identification. In order to verify our hypothesis, spatiotemporal hand tremor signals are acquired from subjects. The objective is to establish a live and secure identification system to avoid mimic and cloning of password by attackers. Various feature extraction methods, including statistical, fast Fourier transform, discrete wavelet transform, and 1-D local binary pattern are used. For evaluating recognition performance, Naive Bayes and Multi-Layer Perceptron are utilized as linear-simple and nonlinear-complex classifiers, respectively. Since the conducted experiments produced promising results (above 95% of classification accuracy rate), it is considered that the proposed approach has the potential to be used as a new biometric identification manner in the field of security.

Paper] Fuzzy Commitment Scheme-Based Secure Identification for JPEG XR Images under Various Compression Ratios

Paper] Fuzzy Commitment Scheme-Based Secure Identification for JPEG XR Images under Various Compression Ratios

Examining career orientations at the University of Debrecen

The paper endeavours to give a narrower definition of the orientation of ‘career’. The survey to be discussed examines a sample of 116 full time students of economics and has career anchor analysis as its focus. The study details the result of a questionnaire-based survey, which was carried out with respect to the carrier of university students and was supplemented by surveying motivation, value and work value as well. The analysis finds that “security, stability and organisational identification” are judged to be the primary career anchors among the members of the majority sample. This means that the respondents feel ready to identify themselves with the company and are looking for security to be provided by long term employment, regular earnings and by steady career advancement. The cluster analysis of the questionnaire differentiates four groups: Leaders, Specialists, Entrepreneurs and Employees. The results showed that the Leaders have high capacities of leadership, creativity and autonomy. The Specialists show highly developed functional capabilities in general and they seem to like challenges. The Entrepreneurs have outstandingly high scores concerning autonomy and entrepreneurial creativity. The members of the cluster of the Employees are characterised by a high expectation of security and stability and by low levels of managerial capability and entrepreneurial creativity. Discriminant analysis was applied to select the distinguishing features that can set the clusters apart from each other. The motivations, values preferences and work values inventory will consolidate the differences between the clusters of the career anchors. Using the method in high education within special trainings could be the practical utilization of the study. On the basis of the results a questionnaire can be compiled, which could help uncertain students relating to their carriers and future orientation containing information in connection with their carrier orientation, motivation, value preferences and work value.
 JEL code: I21

Major phytopathogens and strains from cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) are differentiated by MALDI-MS lipid and/or peptide/protein profiles.

Phytopathogens are the main disease agents that promote attack of cocoa plantations in all tropical countries. The similarity of the symptoms caused by different phytopathogens makes the reliable identification of the diverse species a challenge. Correct identification is important in the monitoring and management of these pests. Here we show that matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) in combination with multivariate data analysis is able to rapidly and reliably differentiate cocoa phytopathogens, namely Moniliophthora perniciosa, Phytophthora palmivora, P. capsici, P. citrophthora, P. heveae, Ceratocystis cacaofunesta, C. paradoxa, and C. fimbriata. MALDI-MS reveals unique peptide/protein and lipid profiles which differentiate these phytopathogens at the level of genus, species, and single strain coming from different hosts or cocoa tissues collected in several plantations/places. This fast methodology based on molecular biomarkers is also shown to be sufficiently reproducible and selective and therefore seems to offer a suitable tool to guide the correct application of sanitary defense approaches for infected cocoa plantations. International trading of cocoa plants and products could also be efficiently monitored by MALDI-MS. It could, for instance, prevent the entry of new phytopathogens into a country, e.g., as in the case of Moniliophthora roreri fungus that is present in all cocoa plantations of countries bordering Brazil, but that has not yet attacked Brazilian plantations. Graphical Abstract Secure identification of phytopathogens attacking cocoa plantations has been demonstrated via typical chemical profiles provided by mass spectrometric screening.

Path analysis on effects of nurses′ organizational atmosphere in comprehensive tertiary hospitals on nurses′ career identification

Objective To improve nurses′ career identification by investigating the role of nurses′ organizational atmosphere of tertiary hospitals in nurses′ career identification. Methods This was a cross-section study. 435 random-selected nurses from a comprehensive tertiary hospital in Tianjin were surveyed. The general information of them was collected, and all of them completed the scale of hospital atmosphere, scale of team psychological security, scale of work satisfaction, and scale of identification. Results The score of organizational atmosphere, team mental security, work satisfaction, and identification were (111.83±20.15), (56.93±7.18), (123.54±15.52), and (103.40±17.90) respectively. The relations between those elements were analyzed by pattern analysis, which showed that hospital atmosphere not only impacted the career identification directly, but also influence the career identification through improving team psychological security and work satisfaction. Conclusions Nursing administrators can promote nurse′s career identification by creating an harmony environment, improving psychological security and work identification. Key words: Nurses′ organizational atmosphere; Team psychological security; Work satisfaction; Career identification; Mediating effect; Path analysis

Towards a complete chaotic map‐based mobile RFID authentication protocol with efficient anticollision tag indexing

AbstractRadio frequency identification technology is one of the modern popular emerging technologies proven to advance a wide range of applications in both academia and industry. However, potential security risks, privacy issues, and efficiency are still open challenges that must be addressed seriously to achieve enhanced protection. In this paper, we show that the Akgün et al. protocol remains unsafe and imperfect in terms of the security issue and database identification efficiency. We, first, demonstrate that the Akgün et al. protocol suffers from a stolen/lost reader attack, which could expose users to some life threatening situations and unwanted collection of sensitive private information. Second, we found that all indexing identification‐based protocols and exceptionally the Akgün et al. protocol cannot be used properly when the collision of tag index occurs, which exhibits a low efficiency in the database entry identification process. As the Akgün et al. protocol is almost perfect, it is worthy to be enhanced. Therefore, towards a complete and secure mobile radio frequency identification authentication protocol, we propose efficient solutions that could overcome the aforementioned security problem and offer high identification efficiency using efficient anticollision procedure based on dynamic linked list data structure principle. Via informal and formal security analysis, we show that the improved version is insensitive to the most common attacks and is more efficient than the existing schemes in the literature. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

THE CIRCUMGALACTIC MEDIUM OF SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES. I. FIRST RESULTS FROM A RADIO-IDENTIFIED SAMPLE

ABSTRACT We present the first results from an ongoing survey to characterize the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of massive high-redshift galaxies detected as submillimeter galaxies (SMGs). We constructed a parent sample of 163 SMG–QSO pairs with separations less than ∼36″ by cross-matching far-infrared-selected galaxies from Herschel with spectroscopically confirmed QSOs. The Herschel sources were selected to match the properties of the SMGs. We determined the sub-arcsecond positions of six Herschel sources with the Very Large Array and obtained secure redshift identification for three of those with near-infrared spectroscopy. The QSO sightlines probe transverse proper distances of 112, 157, and 198 kpc at foreground redshifts of 2.043, 2.515, and 2.184, respectively, which are comparable to the virial radius of the ∼1013 M ⊙ halos expected to host SMGs. High-quality absorption-line spectroscopy of the QSOs reveals systematically strong H i Lyα absorption around all three SMGs, with rest-frame equivalent widths of ∼2–3 Å. However, none of the three absorbers exhibit compelling evidence for optically thick H i gas or metal absorption, in contrast to the dominance of strong neutral absorbers in the CGM of luminous z ∼ 2 QSOs. The low covering factor of optically thick H i gas around SMGs tentatively indicates that SMGs may not have as prominent cool gas reservoirs in their halos as the coeval QSOs and that they may inhabit less massive halos than previously thought.

The Inequality Effect of Urbanization and Social Integration

On the basis of the China Social Survey (CSS2011) and related urban statistics, this article conducts an analysis of the “unequal” effects of urbanization and of problems in rural migrants’ social integration with urban residents in the course of their urbanization. We found that although the increased rate of population urbanization did not produce a significant difference between “rural migrants” and “city people” in terms of income, migrants fare considerably worse than city people with regard to social security, cultural life, psychological acceptance and status identification. This kind of inequality transforms the original urban/rural dual structure into a new dichotomy that divides urban dwellers into the migrant population and residents with urban household registration, thereby impeding social integration. This finding will help us understand the causes of the social barriers in current urbanization and may provide theoretical and empirical reference material for “new-type urbanization,” particularly as it relates to the transformation of the rural migrant population into urban citizens.

Dual Authentication of a Human Being from Simultaneous Study of Palm Pattern and IRIS Recognition

Objective: The present study deals with a dual authentication of a human being from simultaneous analysis of iris pattern and single side of the palm of same person which is expected to form some basis in the dual biometric based authentication to avoid fraudulent activities. Methods/Statistical Analysis: For iris pattern matching, a thorough denoising by LOG Gabor filter of 7X7 dimension is used. Subsequently edge linking and iris boundary detection is carried out by local processing. For palm detection, in the current study the features of front portion of the palm are considered. The tool that will be used for the development purpose is MATLABR2016a, and emphasis will only be on the software for performing recognition. Findings: In the front side, the various mounts, creases, some deep uneven spaces and wrinkles in the human wrist are evaluated. The recognition rate for the human iris pattern has been observed to be around 95.5% while that of palm has yielded 91.99%. Application/Improvement: The aim of the study is to provide better social security and proper identification i.e. authentication of a particular person especially when one biometric is lost due to some severe accident.

Widespread exploitation of the honeybee by early Neolithic farmers

The pressures on honeybee (Apis mellifera) populations, resulting from threats by modern pesticides, parasites, predators and diseases, have raised awareness of the economic importance and critical role this insect plays in agricultural societies across the globe. However, the association of humans with A. mellifera predates post-industrial-revolution agriculture, as evidenced by the widespread presence of ancient Egyptian bee iconography dating to the Old Kingdom (approximately 2400 BC). There are also indications of Stone Age people harvesting bee products; for example, honey hunting is interpreted from rock art in a prehistoric Holocene context and a beeswax find in a pre-agriculturalist site. However, when and where the regular association of A. mellifera with agriculturalists emerged is unknown. One of the major products of A. mellifera is beeswax, which is composed of a complex suite of lipids including n-alkanes, n-alkanoic acids and fatty acyl wax esters. The composition is highly constant as it is determined genetically through the insect's biochemistry. Thus, the chemical 'fingerprint' of beeswax provides a reliable basis for detecting this commodity in organic residues preserved at archaeological sites, which we now use to trace the exploitation by humans of A. mellifera temporally and spatially. Here we present secure identifications of beeswax in lipid residues preserved in pottery vessels of Neolithic Old World farmers. The geographical range of bee product exploitation is traced in Neolithic Europe, the Near East and North Africa, providing the palaeoecological range of honeybees during prehistory. Temporally, we demonstrate that bee products were exploited continuously, and probably extensively in some regions, at least from the seventh millennium cal BC, likely fulfilling a variety of technological and cultural functions. The close association of A. mellifera with Neolithic farming communities dates to the early onset of agriculture and may provide evidence for the beginnings of a domestication process.

Scientific analysis of a calcified object from a post-medieval burial in Vienna, Austria

Calcifications commonly occur in association with soft tissue inflammation. However, they are not often discussed in palaeopathological literature, frequently due to problems of identification and diagnosis. We present a calcified object (40×27×27cm) found with a middle-aged male from a post-medieval cemetery in Vienna. It was not recognized during excavation, thus its anatomical location within the body remains unknown.The object was subject to X-ray, SEM and CT scanning and compared to historic pathological objects held in the collection of the Natural History Museum Vienna. Two of closest resemblance, a thyroid adenoma and goitre were subject to similar analytical techniques for comparison. Despite similarities between all objects, the structure of the object most closely conforms to a thyroid tumor. Nevertheless, due to similar pathophysiological pathways and biochemical composition of calcified soft tissue, a secure identification outside of its anatomical context is not possible.The research further highlights the fact that recognition of such objects during excavation is crucial for a more conclusive diagnosis. Historic medical records indicate that they were common and might therefore be expected to frequently occur in cemeteries. Consequently, an increasing the dataset of calcifications would also aid in extending the knowledge about diseases in past human populations.

Human Identification Based on Geometric Feature Extraction Using a Number of Biometric Systems Available: Review

<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Biometric technology has attracted much attention in biometric recognition. Significant online and offline applications satisfy security and human identification based on this technology. Biometric technology identifies a human based on unique features possessed by a person. Biometric features may be physiological or behavioral. A physiological feature is based on the direct measurement of a part of the human body such as a fingerprint, face, iris, blood vessel pattern at the back of the eye, vascular patterns, DNA, and hand or palm scan recognition. A behavioral feature is based on data derived from an action performed by the user. Thus, this feature measures the characteristics of the human body such as signature/handwriting, gait, voice, gesture, and keystroke dynamics. A biometric system is performed as follows: acquisition, comparison, feature extraction, and matching. The most important step is feature extraction, which determines the performance of human identification. Different methods are used for extraction, namely, appearance- and geometry-based methods. This paper reports on a review of human identification based on geometric feature extraction using several biometric systems available. We compared the different biometrics in biometric technology based on the geometric features extracted in different studies. Several biometric approaches have more geometric features, such as hand, gait, face, fingerprint, and signature features, compared with other biometric technology. Thus, geometry-based method with different biometrics can be applied simply and efficiently. The eye region extracted from the face is mainly used in face recognition. In addition, the extracted eye region has more details as the iris features.</span>

Device-independent two-party cryptography secure against sequential attacks

The goal of two-party cryptography is to enable two parties, Alice and Bob, to solve common tasks without the need for mutual trust. Examples of such tasks are private access to a database, and secure identification. Quantum communication enables security for all of these problems in the noisy-storage model by sending more signals than the adversary can store in a certain time frame. Here, we initiate the study of device-independent (DI) protocols for two-party cryptography in the noisy-storage model. Specifically, we present a relatively easy to implement protocol for a cryptographic building block known as weak string erasure and prove its security even if the devices used in the protocol are prepared by the dishonest party. DI two-party cryptography is made challenging by the fact that Alice and Bob do not trust each other, which requires new techniques to establish security. We fully analyse the case of memoryless devices (for which sequential attacks are optimal) and the case of sequential attacks for arbitrary devices. The key ingredient of the proof, which might be of independent interest, is an explicit (and tight) relation between the violation of the Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt inequality observed by Alice and Bob and uncertainty generated by Alice against Bob who is forced to measure his system before finding out Alice’s setting (guessing with postmeasurement information). In particular, we show that security is possible for arbitrarily small violation.

Identification of Occupational Health, Safety, Security (OHSS) and Environmental Performance Indicators in port areas

This paper aims at defining a set of indicators to be applied in port areas on the topics of Occupational Health, Safety, Security (OHSS) and Environment. The techniques used to identify and select the OHSS indicators involved two different approaches: (i) a bottom-up method, where an extended and in-depth analysis was performed in order to assess the current indicators applied by ports and, (ii) a top-down approach, mainly based on legislation and regulations as well as the feedback from stakeholders of the port and shipping industry. The bottom-up approach analysed a total number of 526 ports, allowing the identification of the most frequent indicators used by them. The top-down approach collected valuable opinions and suggestions from the port community members. A consensus between the results obtained in the two approaches was reached in order to provide ports with the most adequate and implementable indicators. The Environmental Performance Indicators (EPIs) have been selected based on the results of previous research projects plus further discussions with port stakeholders. The information provided in this paper can be considered as a preliminary attempt to promote port performance measurement in these four sensitive fields.

PAC learning of arbiter PUFs

The general concept of physically unclonable functions (PUFs) has been nowadays widely accepted and adopted to meet the requirements of secure identification and key generation/storage for cryptographic ciphers. However, shattered by different attacks, e.g., modeling attacks, it has been proved that the promised security features of arbiter PUFs, including unclonability and unpredictability, are not supported unconditionally. However, so far the success of existing modeling attacks relies on pure trial and error estimates. This means that neither the probability of obtaining a useful model (confidence), nor the sufficient number of CRPs, nor the probability of correct prediction (accuracy) is guaranteed. To address these issues, this work presents a probably approximately correct (PAC) learning algorithm. Based on a crucial discretization process, we are able to define a Deterministic finite automaton (of polynomial size), which exactly accepts the regular language corresponding to the challenges mapped by the given PUF to one responses.

Ultrasonic attenuation characteristics and a new method of identification of metal materials

Metallic materials are widely used in aerospace, medical, nuclear energy, mechanical manufacturing and other critical areas. For security applications, it needs to use qualified metallic materials. Therefore, it requires an extremely high resolution security identification technology. In addition, there needs to be an identification of the precious metallic cultural relics and metallic materials used in military equipment. Firstly, the effects of sampling rate on the stability of attenuation spectrum are discussed at the same frequency, and the effects of microstructure characteristics of metal materials on ultrasonic attenuation coefficient also are studied. Tests and calculations show that the more stable ultrasonic attenuation spectrums can be obtained at the higher sampling rates. Secondly, a new method to identify metallic materials using ultrasonic technology is developed in this paper. Taking some metallic materials with similar ingredients at the same heat treatment temperature and some of the other metallic materials with the same ingredients but at different heat treatment temperature for examples, the method for identification of metallic material based on the calculation of correlation coefficient of the attenuation spectrums between two metallic materials is investigated. The results show that the correlation coefficient of the attenuation spectrums in between of the same metallic materials is greater than that of in between of different ones. As a result, a conclusion can be drawn that the correlation coefficient of ultrasonic attenuation spectrums is applicable for identification of metallic materials. Compared with the conventionally physical and chemical identification methods, the proposed method for identification of metallic materials in this paper is nondestructive, accurate, rapid, and pollution-free.

Exploring biometric technology adoption in a developing country context using the modified UTAUT

Biometric technology BT is a component of information security and person identification. Individual acceptance and adoption of BT is fundamental to successful implementation of BT by organisations. There has been a fairly moderate but improving pace of adoption of technology in developing countries. This study investigates factors affecting users' intention to use BT in a developing country based on the modified version of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology UTAUT. Results show that simpler biometric methods e.g., fingerprinting have higher level of utilisation than more complex ones e.g., DNA. The intention to adopt biometrics is influenced by perceived ease of use, security, resource facilitating conditions, self-efficacy, and compatibility. Technology facilitating condition and awareness were found to exert some level of impact, while perceived usefulness, awareness, peer influence and complexity did not show any statistical influence on the intention to adopt BT.

A Comparative Study of Different Biometric Features

In human identification biometrics is one of the biggest tendencies. Nowadays, in many real applications like forensic, security and other identification and recognition purposes biometrics is widely used. Here we have discussed and comparisons of different biometric features along with their uses. In biometrics fingerprint is the most widely used. Even further multimodal biometrics can improve the reliability and performance of biometric authentication. Keywords: Biometric System, Identification, Recognition