Young People's Ideas Research Articles

Family Values in the Perceptions of Modern Youth

The article is devoted to the study of modern youth's ideas about family values. The problem of family values is again becoming relevant and in demand in the context of the proclamation of the priority of education, the implementation of working programs of education at all levels of education, which have a single conceptual and value basis for the organization of the educational process, including on the basis of the axiological approach. The analysis of the content of the concept of “family values” is carried out in the context of studying the regulatory legal documentation regulating the activities of educational institutions of higher education in the field of education, and other sources on the basis of an interdisciplinary approach to understanding the categories of “value”, “family values”. The theoretical substantiation of the essay as a method of studying students' ideas about family and family values is given, the structure of analysis and interpretation of the results are given. The conclusions of the study of students' ideas about family values will make it possible to form the image of the family, to identify family values, their place and role in the life values of young people, to identify trends in the development of young people's ideas about family values, to determine the prospects in educational work with students in the formation of traditional national values.

VALUE BASES OF FORMATION AND STRENGTHENING OF THE ALL-RUSSIAN IDENTITY IN THE PERCEPTIONS OF YOUNG PEOPLE

The article presents some results of the author's sociological research on the problems of determining the value bases for the formation and strengthening of the all-Russian identity in the perceptions of young people, conducted within the framework of the project "Youth in Interethnic Communications: Intolerance, Tolerance, Dialogue" in 2020, 2021 and 2022. The focus of this paper is the analysis of the axiological foundations of the national idea as the basis of all-Russian identity in the assessments of young people aged 16-21. It has been substantiated that young people's ideas about national goals reflect both interests directly related to the life of young people themselves (education, living conditions, etc.) and national interests (ecology, health, eradication of corruption, friendship of the country's peoples, etc.). It was revealed that the majority of young people, regardless of gender and age, place (urban/rural) and region of residence, realize the need for the existence of national ideas that integrate Russians, and in general positively assess the possibility of social integration. The leading ideas-integrators were analyzed, including terminal values: health, decent and comfortable life, as well as values symbolizing the most important social problems of Russian society: property stratification and inequality, poverty, education, corruption. Gender and regional differences in young people's assessments of the importance of integrative values for strengthening the all-Russian identity were characterized. The integrative potential of young people was assessed. The article reveals the peculiarities of young people's attitude to the national goals broadcast by the state, as well as the prospects and the degree of social subjectivity of young people in the context of solving the problems of social integration.

Medical and Psychological Issues of the Formation of Young People's Ideas about A Healthy Lifestyle in the Family

The articledescribes the medical and psychological issues of the formation of young people's ideas about a healthy lifestyle in the family, and comments on the observance of the rules of personal hygiene

ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНАЯ КАРЬЕРА В ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯХ СТУДЕНТОВ ЮГА РОССИИ

The period of study at a university is one of the defining stages in the formation of young people's ideas about career advancement. The article deals with the ideas of student youth of the South of Russia about a professional career. The empirical basis for the analysis is the materials of sociological surveys conducted in the winter of 2020 in the Rostov Region, Stavropol Territory, Adygea, Dagestan and Kabardino-Balkaria (a total of 2670 students were surveyed). The article shows that the perception of a professional career differs according to the ethno-territorial segments of the youth of the South of Russia. In economically more developed subregions with a predominantly Russian population, individualism and achievement in professional and career advancement are more often manifested, career building is more important for students. In the republics of the North Caucasus, young people are more often focused on the resources and interests of the family (paternalism), as well as ascriptive characteristics in the professional field and career, which is less important for students.

The present conditions for formation of the financial economic culture of Russian youth

The article is devoted to analysis of attitudes and ideas of young people about their own well-being and opportunities for implementation of financial behavior in the context of the prevailing socio-economic conditions, as well as a private assessment of these conditions and their prospects. The empirical basis of this work was the results obtained within the framework of two research projects, namely 1) research work within the framework of the State assignment for 2021 "Financial and economic culture as a parameter of the economic system: research methods and evaluation criteria" and 2) the author's sociological study "Economic culture of modern Russian youth", 2022. Youth, as the most creative and active part of society, is the driving force in the development of all spheres of society's life, and its attitude to the surrounding reality, in particular, to the socio-economic structure of our country, to the Russian elite, and the authorities sets the vector of transformational impact on both the State and society as a whole. The data obtained as a result of the conducted research reflect the negative assessments and young people's views on the future of the Russian economy and social sphere. In particular, this is expressed in low assessments of the actions of Russian elites and low trust in the State and state sources of information, that indirectly indicates that the respondents choose other sources of information for making economic decisions, and this can lead to new problems and risks associated with the quality of these sources, transformation of attitudes, values and behavior, including that in the financial market. This fact, first of all, serves as a signal to the State, which, according to the authors, should act as a conductor of all social processes in the country: economic, social, political, legal, spiritual and ideological, military, informational, environmental and others.

Essential components of the image of the future of the country in the representations of the youth

The article analyzes the goals, which the Russian youth think are important to achievement for the best future of the country. Their foundations are the ideas of young people about the meanings of different aspects of reality - affordable qualified health care as a guarantee of a high quality of life; families as the basis of confidence and security; living space as an environment for a comfortable life; labor as a source of material well-being; balance of rights and obligations of citizens as a factor in the consolidation of society; education as a condition for social advancement; an active civil society as a condition for democratization in the country; authorities capable of ensuring the achievement of these goals as a guarantee of the country's sustainable development. The priority goals that are mostly significant are a strong family, living space, high-quality healthcare, and effective government. The differentiation of these goals by groups of young people depending on gender, age, education, financial situation, type of settlement has shown sustainability of these ideas. An analysis of the connection between young people's ideas about goals that are significant for the future of the country, with a self-assessment of changes in their living conditions, showed a deterioration in terms of the financial situation of the family, job security, employment, medical care, recreation conditions, with some improvement in the same indicators. The relationship of these indicators with positive and negative emotional states of young people - reliability, confidence, anxiety, indignation, anger, indifference and confusion was revealed. The main factors in the regulation of stress are mainly changes in the material conditions of family life and guarantees of employment and employment.

HUMAN CAPITAL AND THE REFORM OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA

At present, the world economy is characterized by the transition to the VI Kondratiev cycle. The most important factors for the success of this transition are human capital and education capital, as well as the education system as the sphere of their formation. To ensure that the education system meets the new requirements, it needs to be reformed. The state of the Russian education system is determined by its recent belonging to the Bologna system. The introduction of the principles of the Bologna system is an unfortunate example of the “transplantation” of a borrowed institution. The failure is caused by the radical differences in the philosophy of education of the Bologna system from the traditional one for Russia. In the context of the commercialization of higher education, the quality of applicants and graduates has decreased, and higher education has devalued in general. The authors prove that education is a public good and should not be commercialized. Among the problems of the development of the modern system of higher education, which must be overcome in the course of reform, the authors include the lack of funding, the uneven regional distribution of financial support for universities, which leads to a number of negative social and negative consequences. Another problem that needs to be addressed is the non-optimal age structure of the teaching staff. The severity of this problem is so high that it threatens to create a "break in traditions". The article analyzes the factors of low attractiveness of the profession of a higher education teacher for young people: low wages compared to other areas of activity; official information on the excess proportion of the population with higher education; the specifics of young people's ideas about the possibility of obtaining the fullness of information from the Internet, etc.

Сравнительный анализ представлений молодежи об имидже сотрудников органов внутренних дел Российской Федерации

The article presents the results of studying the public opinion of young people about the image of an employee of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation, which is an important component in the work to correct the prevailing negative stereotypes and form a positive image of the Russian police.
 Since the opinion of representatives of such an important part of Russian society as youth should be studied and taken into account to determine the directions of this work, during the study, using the method of non-standardized survey, an analysis of young people's ideas about the image of an employee of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation was carried out, 52 cadets of the educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and 52 students of higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation were interviewed to solve this problem. Moscow.
 The results of the study indicate that the cadets of the educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and university students have a significantly different attitude towards the police, if most of the cadets noted a positive attitude, then the students showed a negative or neutral attitude towards the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. Therefore, the task of increasing the authority of the police and trust in it among young people is paramount.

Rural and urban youth: do the socio-cultural gaps remain?

The purpose of this work is search for arguments for the validity of the hypothesis about leveling in the youth environment of the socio-cultural gaps traditional for urban and rural areas, realized in the family and social spheres of life. The work focuses on young people's ideas about territorial identity, cultural and leisure practices and forms of civic engagement, and the desirable form of partnership (marriage) relations. The information base of the study was survey data of young people aged 18-35 living in urban and rural areas of Vologda oblast. Youth is a socio-demographic group that forms the basis of the human potential of population. Globalization, digitalization, virtualization, large-scale projects for development of social infrastructure, road repairs and at the same time space compression (urbanization) significantly affect the worldview and lifestyle of young people. In addition, due to the successful experience of distance learning and employment formats, the impetus for the development of which was the COVID-19 pandemic, a hypothesis has arose about the convergence of the socio-cultural characteristics of urban and rural youth. In view of the consistently representative proportion of rural youth (a quarter of the group), the continuing centripetal nature of migration, and the importance of understanding the differences between urban and rural spaces, the study seems to be relevant for both theory and practice of youth policy. On the basis of sociological survey data, it was revealed that the urban and rural youth have similar views on family and marriage. Young people are focused on having few children and are tolerant of cohabitation. However, rural youth are more "family-oriented", when conditions are created, they are more ready for having many children and labile for support measures. Urban residents have a more pronounced territorial identity, although collectivism is more often manifested by rural residents. Further development of digitalization, new remote forms of education and employment, provision of public and other services, will facilitate holding back young people in rural areas, stimulate reurbanization (most likely, in suburbanization formats), thus reducing the socio-cultural gap between the city and the village.

A study of leadership in today's youth environment

Subject. This article examines the internal processes in the organization and the leadership attributes. Objectives. The article aims to study the phenomenon of leadership based on the analysis of the opinions of students of top Russian universities about the factors that form leadership skills, and compare the results obtained with leadership theory. Methods. For the study, we used a comparative analysis and generalization. Results. The article presents the results of a sociological survey of students, highlighting the ideas of young people regarding the important skills and attributes of a modern leader. Conclusions. A democratic management style that contributes to the manifestation of the abilities of all team members is most acceptable for the younger generation.

Особенности Я-концепции и образа героя у современной молодежи

Introduction. This article describes the image of the “hero” as perceived by modern youth. The authors analyze the structure and specifics of the connection between the image of the “hero” and the images of “I-real” and “I-ideal” among high school students. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on a sample of 176 high school (grades 10 and 11) students in Belgorod Region. The study was carried out according to a quasi-experimental design. In the first part of the study, the subjects wrote an essay to answer two questions: “Who can be called a hero today and why?” and “Who is an ordinary modern person and why can they be called so?” In the second part, the subjects filled out the tests “Who am I?” and “Who is the Hero?” (both are modifications of the test by M. Kuhn and T. McPartland). In the third part, the subjects filled out the Aspects of Identity Questionnaire (AIQ-IV) by J. M. Cheek and L. R. Tropp for the “real I”, and its modifications for the “ideal I” and the image of the “hero”. Conclusion. The study revealed that high school students often choose real people as images of “heroes”. The images of “heroes” are not included in the ideas of young people about the ideal and do not play an essential role in the identification processes. Modern young people want a calm, balanced and unremarkable life. Their lives do not involve striving for lofty ideals and restless heroism. The experiment also revealed that high school students consider the hero to be an active figure who is in the public eye. “Willingness to sacrifice something for the sake of others” was found to be the leading quality in the image of the “hero”. In the subjects’ view, the hero has nothing to do with work, and labour is the lot of an ordinary modern person. The respondents tend to consider the image of the “hero” to be outside of time or in the past. They view this image as having almost no ties to the context of modernity.

The image of Russia in the consciousness of Russian youth: peculiarities of the value-semantic code of cultural representations

The study involved 98 representatives of Moscow youth; 116 of Perm youth and 104 of Tyumen youth. A total 318 respondents, 44% young men and 56% young girls, aged 18 to 25. The 49 bipolar psychosemantic scale of the study describes the image of the country in terms of its strength and authority in the international arena, activity in transformations and various aspects of assessment. Respondents evaluated the images of “Russia-country”, “Future Russia”, “USA”, “China”. The categorical structures of young people's social representations about the country's image, identified in all three regions, have three substantively comparable factors: 1) “Welfare, progressiveness of the country”, 2) “Level of social distance”, 3) “Civilizational attribution”. The value-semantic component in the structure of young people's ideas fixes the cultural codes of Russian civilization: “beauty”, “generosity”, “mercy”, “kindness”, “spirituality”, “morality”.

COMMUNICATIVE AND LEGAL NIHILISM AS A PHENOMENON DISCREDITING THE COMMUNICATIVE-LEGAL CULTURE OF YOUTH: SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

The article is devoted to the study and analysis of young people's ideas about communicative and legal nihilism and ways to overcome it as factors that discredit the communicative and legal culture of young people. The paper analyzes various concepts that reveal the foundations of the definitions of "nihilism", "communicative nihilism" and" legal nihilism". Thus, it is noted that nihilism is a socio-cultural negative phenomenon based on the denial of everything that exists, or some aspects of life (legal, communicative, cultural, etc.). Based on this, the article points out that among the main reasons for the manifestation of the nihilistic attitude are: incorrect interpretation and interpretation of the norms of law and the rules of communication, unwillingness to master the communicative and legal foundations, as well as distrust of the legislation. At the same time, taking into account these reasons for the nihilistic attitude, which lead to the inability to understand the laws, communicative nihilism is manifested, which is "ideological passivity", "communicative skepticism", which is expressed in discrediting the oral and written statements and actions of other persons and authorities. The article also describes the results of the author's sociological survey, which indicate the presence of a high degree of nihilistic manifestations in society in relation to legal norms (laws) and rules for the implementation of communicative interaction. Such destructive tendencies cause concern for our bright future, since nihilistic trends destroy values, moral ideals, in general, and in particular the process of forming a communicative and legal culture of young people, inspired by the spirit of tolerance, tolerance for everything different. In conclusion, the author draws conclusions about the importance and necessity of preventing communicative and legal nihilistic manifestations in the youth environment, and also indicates the mechanisms for their prevention.

Children and Young People as Activist Authors

Children and young people, including individual activists such as Greta Thunberg and Xiuhtezcatl Martinez, as well as larger groups such as March for Our Lives and It's Not Your Fault, are raising their profile and advancing their political agendas through social media, protests, and speeches. This article examines the ways in which their arguments draw on three forms of ethical underpinning: equity claims to the same rights as adults, assertions of unique rights or protections based on child status, and projections into a future adulthood to demand protection of the environment. While some adults have welcomed and lauded young people's political involvement, others object to the very idea of young people's presence in the political arena. Youth activism has been met with expressions of concern over supposed naïveté or vulnerability, as well as contempt and even aggression toward children who would disrupt an adult-dominated hierarchy through their action, speech, and writing

МЕЖНАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ В МОЛОДЕЖНОЙ СРЕДЕ КАБАРДИНО-БАЛКАРСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ

Kabardin-Balkaria remains one of the most difficult republics in terms of interethnic relations. Their aggravation may pose a real threat not only to Kabardin-Balkaria itself, but also to the peace and tranquility of the entire north Caucasus. A characteristic feature of the social and political life of modern Kabardin-Balkaria is the inextricable link between the ethno-confessional situation, youth activity and the problem of interethnic relations. Studying the ideas of young people about the state of interethnic relations, the characteristics and factors of their formation, about the reasons and ways of the spread of national extremism will make it possible to develop more effective strategies in the field of regulating interethnic relations that are adequate to the needs and interests of one of the most active groups of the population. This article uses the data of a sociological survey of youth in the KBR, conducted in October-November 2019 by the department of organization of work with youth of the Kabardin-Balkarian state university. The developed program and research tools make it possible to answer a number of questions about the state and prospects of the development of interethnic relations in the youth environment of the Kabardin-Balkarian Republic. Research data indicate that the majority of respondents blame the escalation of tensions in Kabardin-Balkaria on those political forces and organizations (national, extremist) that make political capital on the accentuation of intergroup differences and the exploitation of xenophobia. It should be emphasized that the respondents do not give unambiguous answers to many questions. A comparative analysis of these results does not allow us to identify a certain sequence and patterns in the nature of the spread of nationalist and religious extremist views among young people of various ethnic groups and places of residence. At the same time, the results of the survey illustrate the tendency of youth preferences for tolerant interaction of all ethnic groups of the republic.

Городской вандализм в восприятии молодежи: эмпирическое исследование атрибуции его причин

The research is devoted to the attribution of the reasons of vandal behavior by urban youth. Quantitative content analysis of respondents' statements (text-mining) on the presented photos of vandalized urban environment, the indicators of respondents' perception of "negative assessment of vandalism" and "explanation of vandal behavior reasons" formed on its basis, as well as the scale of "World image" assessment formed for research purposes are the information collection method. The research sample includes young people from the cities of Yekaterinburg and Moscow. Yekaterinburg, Moscow, St. Petersburg (N=193), aged from 18 to 35 years (M=21.2 years, SD=4.1 years), consisting of men. The collected lexical array of utterances amounted to 6550 words (23657 signs), after generalization made 35 word forms, representing attitudes towards vandalism and typical attributions of its causes. The results of the study show the contradictions between the negative attitudes of young people to vandal behavior and the explanation of the reasons of vandalism, allowing it for the purpose of: a) self-expression, b) under the influence of aggressive emotions, as well as the experience of grief, resentment; c) opposing themselves to others. It is noted that the image of the world influences young people's ideas about the meaning of vandal behavior.

Protest Consciousness of the Russian Youth (on the Example of the Russian Far East)

In Russian history and culture, various kinds of protests and uprisings have always played an important role. One can recall periodical civilian riots and uprisings in the Russian Empire; the revolution of 1917 that changed the world history. Political processes in a country have often been a pendulum swinging between extremes such as passive loyalty and riot. In recent years, a relative stability of society and power has been achieved, the foundations of which are sometimes referred to as a social contract. However, the beginning of protest in Russian society is increasingly shows itself. The publication presents materials of semantic reconstruction of ideas about various forms of social protest among Russian youth. The study made it possible to reconstruct structural and informatory characteristics of young people's ideas about five significant forms of collective protest: petition, rally, strike, riot and uprising. Comparative analysis shows that the closest form of protest to young people is such a form of protest as a rally, such a form as a petition is also positively assessed. Young people don’t associate radical forms of protest, such as riot and uprising, with values and goals that are meaningful to them.

КОНТЕНТ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ СЕТЕЙ КАК ПРЕДИКТОР КОНСТРУИРОВАНИЯ ЖИЗНЕННОЙ МОДЕЛИ В СФЕРЕ ПРОФЕССИИ

A lot of modern psychological studies point to the inextricable link between the real and the Internet space in the context of the process of socialization of the individual, structuring the life scenario, in particular in the field of professional development. However, the integration of various predictors associated with the characteristics of the modern labor market and, as a consequence of career planning, life scenario is a methodological problem. To solve it, research design was applied, based on a combination of theoretical and empirical, quantitative and qualitative analysis. The aim of the study was the desire to clarify the role of the content of social networks in the formation of the life model of the professional sphere in the personal life space. It is suggested that the components of life models in the field of the profession broadcast on the Internet may be similar to the constructs already available in young people. The empirical research was carried out in several stages. At the first stage, semantic and content analysis of more than 170,000 posts over the past 2 years from the 20 most popular communities of the social network was carried out using special computer programs. The results of the analysis were the identified features of the components of the life model in the field of the profession, broadcast in the information space. At the second stage, the peculiarities of personal ideas of young people about building their own professional path, as well as the perception of the experience of parents’ professional activities were investigated. The sample consisted of 166 respondents; the average age was 21 years. The results obtained confirm the assumption about the similarity of the characteristics of the components of life models in the field of the profession, presented in the posts of Internet communities and the characteristics of the constructed life scenario in the field of the profession by the respondents themselves. The ideas about professional life and its further construction are probably associated with intergenerational transmission and traditional family values, the personal interests of a young person, his/her abilities, as well as with the tendencies learned in the process of intergenerational transmission of values and certain ideas in the circle of contemporaries presented on the Internet.

Education as an institution of national identity formation

The article touches upon the problem of the crisis of national-state identity of young Russian citizens. Digitalization fundamentally changes the functioning and reproduction of the culture, which underlies group, ethnic, national, and state identity. These changes may cause significant risks of destabilizing the state and its main institutions. The authors discuss the role of educational institutions in the reproduction and formation of new social values among young people and the following formation of the national-state identity. The empirical part of the study is aimed to identify the basis of national-state identity, which is the structure and content of social ideas about Russia among various groups of users of social networks aged 14–35 years, selected according to their gender, age, and educational background. The article presents the results of the empirical study of respondents’ social representations about Russia. It explains the correlation between the national-state identity and social representations of one’s country and indicates the structural-functional and contentmorphological characteristics of the social ideas of young people about Russia. It also reveals the differences in the social representations of young people from different population groups. The results make it possible to clarify the understanding of the pattern of Russian young people’s social thinking, which is responsible for the choice of identification images and predetermines the strength and direction of political attitudes that affect the political stability of Russia.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ СОХРАНЕНИЯ ИСТОРИЧЕСКОЙ ПАМЯТИ О ВЕЛИКОЙ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ВОЙНЕ В ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯХ МОЛОДЕЖИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ ЯРГУ ИМ. П.Г. ДЕМИДОВА)

The analysis of the mechanism of the formation of historical memory and pride in the ideas of young people at the present stage is in demand due to the fact that these social phenomena can help young people to a large extent realize their own involvement in the Motherland, in the fateful affairs of their ancestors, and are also focused on developing a sense of responsibility for the future. their state. Lacking knowledge and not having an idea of the experience of previous generations, it is not easy for people to maintain civic identity, adhere to and pass on traditions to future generations, foster spirituality and, in general, navigate society. The article outlines the relevance of the issue of preserving historical memory at the present stage, characterizes the relationship of scientific and practical aspects of the topic under consideration, provides an overview of authoritative publications on the issue under study. The author describes the state programs of the federal and regional levels, reflecting the directions of the patriotic education of the younger generation in the Russian Federation in general, and in the Yaroslavl region in particular. The practical significance of the work is substantiated by the results of a qualitative study, which fixes the peculiarities of perpetuating the memory of the events of the Great Patriotic War in the ideas of young students, as well as their attitude to mass commemorative events during the Victory Day celebration. An analysis of the results of focus group discussions revealed ambivalent features of the preservation of historical memory in the ideas of modern youth: along with the awareness of the tragedy of individual memories of events during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, a component of understanding the heroism of events and the fate of Soviet people is also recorded.