Idea Of Unity Research Articles

Бахтин, русская и христианская философия XIX века о единстве и индивидуализме

When studying and analyzing the works and ideas of Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin, most scholars usually do it on a pure literature sense. Indeed, Bakhtin is known as one of the leading figures in the 20th-century literary critic scholarship, he introduced some unique ways of literary analysis, such as dialogism, heteroglossia, and carnivalesque. He was also a deep researcher of the works of Fyodor Dostoevsky. As a rule, many scholars associate Bakhtin’s approach with the development of the Soviet literary-analytical method in socialist-Marxist art. Recently, however, more and more researchers have begun to take into account the influence of Bakhtin’s philosophical views on his literary studies. As a result, it was found that Bakhtin’s dialogism, heteroglossia, and carnival theory reveal a sense of social community, which might be considered as a response to the ideology of socialism. While criticizing this conclusion, the author of the article shows that the sense of collectivity, or unity, is not a specific element of socialist theory, since it has always been characteristic of Russian philosophy, including its pre-Soviet period. For example, the concepts “sobornost” introduced by Alexey Kho­myakov and “vseedinstvo” elaborated by Vladimir Solovyov greatly influenced Russian thought in the 19th and 20th centuries, and the sources of these ideas must be sought in Christianity. Bakhtin in the early period also actively participated in religious life, so it is most likely that his idea of unity goes back to these religious activities. The purpose of the article is to analyze to what extent religious-philosophical ideas exerted influence on Bakhtin’s work and how he applied them in his literary analysis (from abstract to practical), elaborating his unique religious-philosophical-literary theory.

The idea of unity in Turkish mythology and religious worldviews

The idea of unity in Turkish mythology and religious worldviews

Политика Российской империи против турков Анатолии в Туркестане (вторая половина XIX – начало XX веков)

With the strengthening of the colonial system in the Turkestan region, the tsarist administrationtightened control over the Turkic-Muslim peoples of the region. At the end of the 19th century andespecially at the beginning of the 20th century, new-method schools were opened in Turkestan, whichlater became the founders of the idea of unity of the Turkic peoples. According to intelligence information,during the study period, citizens of the Ottoman state were actively involved in the regionand were subjected to political persecution. The imperial administration promptly studied the scaleof the propaganda work of Turkish agents in the region, the degree to which the ideas of Turkismand Islamism penetrated into the consciousness of the indigenous Turkic-Muslim population. Fromthe information provided by the agents, it follows that after the Young Turk revolution in Turkestangovernorship, the Bukhara emirate and the Khiva khanate, the work of Turkish residents aimed at anti-Russian propaganda, pan-Turkism and pan-Islamism was significantly intensified. Having studied themain materials, the author carries out a comparative analysis of archival ametriles and comes to theconclusion that the subjects of the Ottoman state carried out Muslim educational activities, promotedIslam and the idea of unity of the Turkic-Muslim peoples. Their activities were based on cultural,linguistic and historical principles. Thus, this article sets the goal of disclosing certain aspects of theactivities of citizens of the Ottoman state in the Turkestan governor-general on the basis of intelligenceinformation of the tsarist administration.

Український визвольний рух на центрально-східному Поділлі 40-50-х років XX століття у пам’яті українців

Розкрито становлення та розвиток українського визвольного руху на центрально-східному Поділлі 40-50-х років ХХ ст. Реконструйовано розбудову оунівського підпілля на Поділлі. Розглянуто методи та шляхи поширення пропаганди, збереження пам’яті про ОУН й УПА в українському суспільстві у період Другої світової війни. Визначено місце та роль факторів формування історичної (національної) пам’яті про українських націоналістів в українському суспільстві. Зокрема охарактеризовано діяльність СБУ та УІНП у формування образу про ОУН та УПА в українському суспільстві.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ТА РОЗВИТОК ІДЕОЛОГІЇ СОБОРНОСТІ НА УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ЗЕМЛЯХ (НАПРИКІНЦІ ХІХ – НА ПОЧАТКУ ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ)

У статті характеризується процес формування та розвитку ідеології соборності на українських землях протягом кінця ХІХ – початку ХХ століття. Особлива увага приділена визначальним тенденціям розвою ідеології соборності на західноукраїнських і східноукраїнських землях. Наголошено, що активний розвиток культурно-просвітницького та громадсько-політичного руху на Галичині протягом другої половини ХІХ – початку ХХ століття підготував значне підґрунтя не лише для зміцнення української національної свідомості західних українців, а й – для їх активної участі в національно-визвольних змаганнях періоду 1917-1921 років. Зауважено, що протягом тривалого часу в Наддніпрянській Україні та на західноукраїнських землях поступово формувалися засади ідеологічної концепції, домінуючим чинником котрої були ідеї соборності, самостійності, просвіти народу та духовності.

ЛЮДИНОЗНАВЧЕ ОСМИСЛЕННЯ СОБОРНОСТІ УКРАЇНИ

На основі аналізу української історіографії 1991–2018 рр. висвітлюється методологія і сут- ність антропологічного підходу в дослідженні Соборності України, обґрунтовується переміщення уваги з конкретних подій і документів на їх учасників і творців, на людей, задіяних у процесах. Виділено три етапи історіографії Соборності: перший – 1991–2004 рр.; другий – між Помаранчевою революцією і Революцією Гідності і третій – сучасний. Відстежено домінуючі тенденції дослідження проблеми, зокрема: перехід від висвітлення Соборності як Акту Злуки до трактування її як тривалого і транзит- ного процесу; Соборність стала об’єктом міждисциплінарних досліджень; застосування цивілізацій- ного та антропологічного підходу до осмислення Соборності і перехід від студіювання історії подій до історії людей. Виокремлено три сегменти об’єкту людинознавчого погляду на проблему: ідейні натхнен- ники, організатори і учасники соборницького процесу; носії соборницької ідеї; дослідники Соборності. Висловлені пропозиції та рекомендації щодо подальшого дослідження Соборності, утвердження державної та духовної єдності українського суспільства.

THE IDEA OF «COMMUNITY» IN THE GOVERNMENT CONCEPTS OF GALICIA OF THE XIX – BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze and systematize the views of social and political thinkers of Galicia in the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. on the right and manner of organizing a nation-state as a cathedral. Method. The methodology includes a set of general scientific, special legal, special historical and philosophical methods of scientific knowledge, as well as the principles of objectivity, historicism, systematic and comprehensive. The problem-chronological approach made it possible to identify the main stages of the evolution of the content of the idea of catholicity in Galicia's legal thought of the 19th century. Results. It is established that the idea of catholicity, which was borrowed from church terminology, during the nineteenth century. acquired clear legal and philosophical features that turned it into an effective principle of achieving state unity and integrity. For the Ukrainian statesmen of the 19th century. the idea of catholicity became fundamental in view of the separation of Ukrainians between the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires. The idea of unity of Ukrainians of Galicia and the Dnieper region, formulated for the first time by the members of the Russian Trinity, underwent a long evolution and received theoretical reflection in the work of Bachynsky's «Ukraine irredenta». It is established that catholicity should be understood as a legal principle, according to which decisions are made in dialogue, by consensus, and thus able to satisfy the absolute majority of citizens of the state. For Galician Ukrainians, the principle of unity in the nineteenth century. implemented through the prism of «state» and «international» approaches. Scientific novelty. The main stages of formation and development of the idea of catholicity in the views of social and political figures of Halychyna of the XIX – beginning of the XX centuries are highlighted in the work. and highlighting the distinctive features of «national statehood» that they promoted and understood as possible in the process of unification of Ukrainian lands into one state. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in further historical and legal studies, preparation of special courses.

Features of submission of natural forms in articles of image images

The article introduces readers to the creative work of the Odessa jewelry workshop "Vobarzharium", whose characteristic handwriting is easily recognizable by the use of natural forms of minerals and the creation of frames in the form of metal nuggets with decorative galvanic copper deposition. Masters also use a combination of minerals and wood – the synthesis of natural materials creates unique concepts that embody the idea of unity of elements of nature, environmental friendliness and cleanliness of the environment. "Imaginarium" is a family workshop founded by Oksana Catholichenko and Sergey Ovchinnikov. Oksana is a specialty interior designer, also a designer of clothing; works with metals in jewelry. Sergei has a construction background, manufactures decorations of wood. Galvanics and jewelry were mastered by the masters independently, going through many information sources, experimenting, learning from their own mistakes. Natural forms in the work of the masters appear in different forms – in the form of raw minerals, synthesis of minerals and wood, the transmission of living creatures and plants in a realistic or stylized form. The history of becoming a jewelry workshop, the creative way of craftsmen, individual techniques of their work are considered. Specific examples are analyzed, the main artistic methods of natural forms transfer are revealed. Significant parallels are drawn between the fundamentally different concepts of decorating. It is determined that the attraction of raw materials gives the products of the master jewelers special organic, and the use of electroplating technology has made it possible to perfectly convey the structures of natural objects

Promotional Space or Public Forum: Protest Coverage and Reader Response in Team-Operated Media

As sports reemerge as a site for social protest, league- and team-controlled media are a new forum for the spread and consideration of political messages. In-house sites challenge established boundaries between journalism and promotional content, but they seek to engage readers by establishing themselves as credible sources, although judgments about credibility are ultimately up to the audience. This content and textual analysis uses social protest by athletes following comments by President Donald Trump about National Football League (NFL) players in September 2017 as a means of exploring the terms of engagement in team media between site producers and audience. In content produced about the protest, writers for NFL team sites stressed the ideas of unity and collaboration expressed by players and executives. Fan response on Facebook was harshly critical toward the protesting athletes, teams, and NFL. These findings suggest in-house media may amplify messages of social protest, but fans use their power in this space to contest those messages. At the same time, the use of in-house spaces as equivalent to newspaper comment sections further casts team media content as less overtly promotional.

Criticism against Ibn al-Arabī from among Sūfī’s: the Case of ‘Alā’ al-Dawla al-Simnānī

Criticism against Ibn al-Arabī from among Sūfī’s: the Case of ‘Alā’ al-Dawla al-Simnānī

Textbooks evaluation by Ur’s Theory

The objectives of this study are to: (1) describe the appropriateness of textbooks used by seventh grade junior high school with the criteria of good textbooks developed by Ur’s theory, and (2) reveal the strengths and weaknesses of each textbook. This research was conducted using evaluation research. The data was obtained through document analysis and interviewing expert. Ur’s theory was used to analyze the data. The objects of this research for analysis were two English textbooks; WERB and Bright for seventh grade junior high school. The research found out When English Ring a Bell meets eight criteria of a good textbook by Ur. They are: objectives explicitly laid out in an introduction, attractive layout and visual material, interesting and various topics, the content organization, and graded adequate guidance for the teacher, and readiness of the textbook. Bright meets all the criteria of a good textbook. The researcher also found the strength of WERB lies in its colorful and attractive layout and the textbook also presents various topics that motivate the students to practice actively. There is teachers’ book as guidelines. Meanwhile, the strength of Bright lies in clear layout, pictures and illustration, four skills are covered. Its main weaknesses are the dull color of this textbook and no teacher’s book is provided. The researcher concludes that Bright is better than WERB. This book is appropriate with criteria of good textbooks and used by teacher and student. It is available in many bookstores. Bright is also compatible in terms of coherence and unity of ideas among units and language content.

Choral creativity by Hanna Havrylets as a symbol of the togetherness of Ukraine (on the example of the musical and stage action “We will sow the Golden Stone”)

Choral creativity by Hanna Havrylets as a symbol of the togetherness of Ukraine (on the example of the musical and stage action “We will sow the Golden Stone”)

The idea of Unity and Ukrainian statehood (1918-1919)

The idea of Unity and Ukrainian statehood (1918-1919)

INFLUENCE OF THE KYIV METROPOLITANATE ON THE ATTEMPTS AT CHURCH UNION IN THE EPARCHY OF MUKACHEVO IN THE TIMES OF HYPATIUS POCIEJ AND JOSEF VELIAMYN RUTSKY

The study describes a prominent role of the Kyivan Metropolitanate led by Hypatius Pociej (1599-1613) and Josyf Veliamyn Rutsky (1613-1637) for the development of the Church unity idea in the Eparchy of Mukachevo. The author focuses in analyzing information about Mukachevo bishops' Sergij (1600 – c. 1619), Petronij (1623-1627), Ivan Hryhorovych (1627-1633) and Vasyl Tarasovych (1633–1651) conversance with the progress of the Church union in the Kyivan Metropolitanate. The paper examines a message about bishop's Sergij consecration in Rus’, that was, possibly, accomplished by Metropolitan Hypatius Pociej. The research gives an account of unionistic initiatives of the bishop of Peremyshl Athamasij Krupetskyj (1610–1652) in the monastery of Krasnyj Brid, which endured under the protectorship of the count John III Drughet in times of bishop Sergij. The study interprets both contacts of the Jesuits mission with this bishop and an affirmation about bishop's Petronij acquaintance with results of the Union of Brest during his living out of the Eparchy of Mukachevo. The author takes attention to an admission that Petronij conversed to Catholicism while he was in the Kyivan Metropolitanate after banishing from Mukachevo by Romanian prince Michael the Brave. The investigation explains data about bishop's Ivan Hryhorovych education in the Kyivan Metropolitanate (in Volodymyr-Volynskyi and Zamosc) and clarifies his contacts with Kyivan Metropolitan Josyf Veliamyn Rutsky. There is regard to the Mukachevo bishop's Vasyl Tarasovych close relations with Galicia. He was the first local hierarch, which officially converted to Catholicism, and he actively engaged Galician clergy for the popularization of the Church unity idea in his Diocese. The research clarifies that mentioned position of the bishop caused persecutions by the Protestant Prince George II Rakoczi. Volodymyr Moroz accepts the considered processes were manifestations of the Counter-Reformation or Catholic Reformation, while in the Eparchy of Mukachevo were actual strong influences of Protestant communities, Latin Church, and Kyivan Metropolitanate. The Kyivan Church then was already strengthened owing to reforms of the Metropolitan Josyf Veliamyn Rutsky, who became very active in enhancement eastern Catholic identity in Transcarpathia.

The Accuracy of Indonesian Language Rules in Exam Questions Made by Teachers in Junior High School (SMPN) 27 Medan Academic Year 2016-2017 and 2017-2018

Evaluation is the result of the teaching and learning process carried out by teachers and students. Assessment serves to measure students' understanding of the material given by the teacher. Evaluation or procurement activities also play an important role in improving the quality of learning. As for the accuracy of the use of the Indonesian language rules in the class and UAS test exam questions made by Indonesian Language teachers in SMP 27 for the last two years, namely in the total of 195 questions consisting of multiple-choice descriptions, it was found that 86 questions (44%) were not effective and 99 questions (51%) are effective. The most common mistake is the alignment and unity of ideas and economics. The accuracy of the use of the operational word in this study is quite good, because only 5 questions (3%) are incorrect and 190 other questions (97%) are stated correctly.

The benefits of prosody for music educators and students: Unpacking prosody and songwriting strategies in the classroom

Literary and linguistic prosody principles can provide music educators and students with constructive, time honoured, deeply creative songwriting strategies. This article is an opportunity to share a direct and unique classroom experience of teaching prosody within songwriting. Through discussing a personal songwriting and teaching practice grounded in prosody, this article will present recommendations for a specific pedagogy underpinned by prosody for use in the songwriting classroom. Within this article the principles of literary and linguistic prosody will be outlined and discussed alongside songwriting strategies such as writing from a title, matching stressed syllables to stressed beats, metre, song structure and rhyme. The principle of prosody will also be expanded to involve the idea of unity and will be explained in relation to songwriting areas including rhythm, harmony, melody and performance.

ДМИТРО ЧИЖЕВСЬКИЙ ЯК ІСТОРИК НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ЛІТОПИСАННЯ

The article is devoted to the study of D.Chyzhevsky’s contribution to the analysis of the artistic filling of ancient chronicles through the use of the stylistic method of analysis. An important conclusion is the assertion of the national chronicles of the eleventh and thirteenth centuries that their authors are highly educated, good connoisseurs of the Bible, ancient, Byzantine literatures, works by Homer, Joseph Flavius, George Hamartol, Joan Malalai, the Byzantine chronograph, Alexandria, especially popular in the princely environment, and the images of Alexander of Macedon, Darius, reproduced in it, as well as the image of Hercules, were close and exemplary for our princes. As for the brief history of national writing, D.Chyzhevsky, analyzing the historical and aesthetic canvas of the chronicles of the eleventh and eighteenth centuries, adequately and convincingly characterized the artistic value and originality of memorials, revealed the crucial importance in their creation of the high erudition available to the authors, the thorough knowledge of the history of Ukrainian and foreign, in particular of ancient, literatures; emphasized in the chroniclers the literary ability, heroic and patriotic abilities, national centrism and moral and religious nobility, attachment to traditions, a part of the literary and chronicles, which contributed to the writing of majestic epic paintings addressed to the depicted and described heroes of works. The historian of literature has convincingly proved that such a long-term development of the genre of the chronicles (XI-XVIII centuries) was facilitated by the content-artistic perfection of «The Tale of the Past Years», the talent of its founders, Nikon, Nestor, Sylvester, whose own work, the idea of unity of Russia in the struggle against internal and external enemies, which remained urgent throughout all subsequent centuries, and a significant conservatism of the genre, focused on the upbringing of historical generic, national, cultural memories, laid the solid foundations for the development of our entire national first literature which convincingly demonstrate chronicles, historical fiction themes XIX-XXI centuries. The own «History of Ukrainian Literature», the level and conclusions of the analysis of the chronicles D.Chyzhevsky scientifically reasonably developed the principle of national centrist, founded in his medieval works by M.Maksymovych and confirmed by the formation and development of our literary thought. In them, the doctrine proved that in the analysis of ancient writing, chronicles must use a stylistic approach to express their artistic, their aesthetic nature and value. The new thought of the scientist was his noteworthy that the chronicles have signs of the classical direction, characteristic of the works of the elite princely-Sarmatian and Cossack-Kozar tribes.

ХРИСТОЛОГІЧНІ ІДЕЇ В ЛІБЕРАЛЬНО-ПРОТЕСТАНТСЬКІЙ ТЕОЛОГІЇ

The article deals with the Christological problems of liberal theology, which is determined by the idea of unity of the divine and human origin; recognition of religion as a constituent part of culture; granting the prerogative of the historical method in theology over dogmatic. It was established that in recent times, representatives of the liberal Protestant school of exegesis modernized Christology, paying due attention to the terminology apparatus and the presentation of the New Testament plots on an easy to perceive language. A characteristic feature of modern Christology was the reproduction of the image of Christ as a religious teacher and the removal of supernatural elements from it. These ideas, in the form of theological modernism, were condemned by the Roman Catholic Church, but in the context of Protestantism they long existed in the ideology of religious liberalism. In this regard, liberalization in Christology manifests itself in the subjective reflection of the person of Jesus Christ and his activities, built on the experience of the researcher. The mind in this sense should be open to critical perception of information. Liberal theologians denied the doctrines of the Christian church, the content of which was not subject to scientific substantiation, in particular the embodiment of Christ, the Resurrection, the Ascension, the second coming. However, the correlation of religious faith with the latest scientific achievements, for many theologians, created a kind of challenge to adjust the centuries-old Christian tradition with the advent of time. Protestant theology allows you to adapt to the demands of the present, to introduce new tactics and strategies for its development. Having determined the Christological object of Divine worship as a mentor of morality, liberal theology generated modernist concepts that enhanced the morality of Christianity and formed the image of historical Christ. This position has become dominant in the Christological concepts of the representatives of the Tübingen Protestant School, the theology of mediation and new orthodoxy, and to a large extent reflected on the doctrinal basis of modern models of Christology in Christian theology. Given the bias of representatives of liberal theology in covering key aspects of the Christological doctrine of Jesus Christ, the followers of Protestantism launched a separate line of research, called the theology of mediation. The main task of this movement was to reconcile the ideological paradigm between Christian faith and scientific knowledge.

Ukrainian Unity, Regional Identity, and the “Russian World” in the Sociocultural Space of Donetsk Region in 2005—2013

The defeat encountered by the political powers supported by Russia during the presidential campaign in 2004, as well as the mass mobilization of the Ukrainian citizens for the defense of democracy, the European choice, and state sovereignty, made the Kremlin proceed to a more cruel scenario for implementing its policy in Donetsk region. The choice in favor of the aggressive strategies was also caused by the fact that the events of the Orange Revolution convinced Russian imperialists in the following: the hope for the appearance of at least somewhat active separatist movement in Donetsk and Luhansk regions could be fulfilled only through the financing of the pro-Russian groups directly by the Kremlin and its administrative-political support. For this purpose, the so-called “‘Dontesk Republic’ Community Movement”, fully controlled by Russian secret services and specializing in loud anti-Ukrainian provocations, similar to the fake declaration of the so-called “independence of Donetsk” in February 2009, was founded. It does not seem to be a coincidence that “Donetsk Republic” became the leading political force in the terroristic “DPR”.The concept of the “Donetsk identity”, according to which interests of Donetsk residents fully contradict with those of Galicia and Dnieper Ukraine, has become an ideological paradigm, aimed to legitimate Russian influence in the region, as well as to provide the criminal-oligarch leadership of the Party of Regions with the absolute power on the land of miners. The fundamental denial of the Ukrainian unity idea has become a key method for manipulating the consciousness of the local people.During 2005–2013, activists of the Ukrainian NGOs, political, cultural, and educational establishments, human rights advocates, members of the independent trade unions have made a great contribution to overcoming the influence of the Kremlin and its satellites in Donetsk region; however, their effort has not received respective support from Kyiv authorities.

COMMUNICATION AS PHENOMENON OF INTERACTION IN THE CONTEXT OF NEW EDUCATION PARADIGM

The article focuses on the necessity of reforming the system of education in Ukraine taking into account modern tendencies in the development of science and mentality. It has been paid attention on the necessity of new education paradigm creation, in which the reference point is communicative component as the unifying factor of interaction between linear and nonlinear study systems, education and development and other socio-cultural systems. It has been proved that modern studies of problem questions in the sphere of education directly or indirectly are related with the communicative process, which provides not just information exchange (its coding and decoding), interchange of positions, interests and views of communication participants, complicity on solving pedagogical tasks etc., but also the transformation of social consciousness and value-personal orientations. It has been conceptually analyzed communication as phenomenon of interaction in the context of new education paradigm. The scientific discourse of the notion “communication”has beenstudied, it hasbeen accentuated on its etymological analysis. It has been found the polysemy of the term “communication”, which is interpreted as connection, joining, massage, information, intercourse, relаtions, transfer etc., but the idea of unity, association, involvement, connection is a key for determining notions “communication” and “intercourse”. The definitions of the term “communication” through the prism of interaction as universal unifying factor of any systems or system elements have been outlined, its various modes in the context of theories, traditions and models have been considered. It has been defined the peculiarities of the specific form of communication, common in the modern academic educational space: the virtual one. According to its nature virtual communication – dialogical, interactive, nonlinear and global – makes possible the process of transfer information instantly and in different directions. It has been emphasized that in the process of virtual interaction any communicant can be also the sender, and the addressee, and the recipient, and the moderator, and the observer consistently and simultaneously, communicating on Logic of the Network. It has been established that the key problem in formation democratic principles of the personal oriented pedagogy is the sphere of interpersonal interaction of teachers and students (pupils): overcoming contradictions as a result of coordinating the actions of participants in the educational process, which are subordinated to the general purpose, by converging different positions, views, beliefs, interests etc. It has been generalized the understanding of communication as a universal principle of interaction, according to which modern systems of culture, including education, are reconstructed. It has been proved that the process of formation new communicative education system will be effective only on the condition of the interaction of communicative theories, models, traditions and innovations, specific forms of communication, which are character to the modern informational epoch. As a result of the analysis of a wide range of scientific literature on communication and special pedagogical one, in which the role of communicative strategies in the construction of the latest education paradigm is actualized, it has been emphasized that communication itself as a system-based factor of multi-vector interaction of system elements, combining the experience of natural and humanitariansciences, disciplines processes of education and self-education, synchronizes theory and practice, optimizes pedagogical action by harmonization interpersonal relationships, aligns ambivalent personal and interpersonal intentions in the universal integrated sphere – the communicative space.