Philosophical Ideas Research Articles

O pojęciu pojęcia i używaniu nazwy „pojęcie” w literaturze prawniczej

The article deals with the history of the perception of the essence of the concept from antiquity to modern times and the mutual relationship between the concept and the name as two vertices of the so-called “semantic triangle”. The pretext to discuss these issues is quite common in legal literature treating a concept as a synonym for a name and even using the terms “concept” and “name” interchangeably. The author investigates the origins of such erroneous practice, presents its most common manifestations and tips on how to avoid this type of logical and semantic errors. The research methodology includes analysis of philosophical ideas, ordinary language philosophy and thought experiments.

Exploring collective agency: a methodological approach to becoming differently1

ABSTRACT Our main objective here is to show the methodological usefulness of philosophical ideas. Concretely, drawing on theoretical analyses related to the concept of social structuring processes (Elder-Vass) and becoming differently (Gilles Deleuze), we argue that the social struggles of Afro-Latin American women can be interrogated in their role of transforming normative identities and fostering innovative communitarian dynamics that enable adaptation and transformation. The central thesis is that embracing a social construction perspective characterised by fluidity, adaptability, and solidarity can offer an alternative philosophically grounded methodological framework capable of addressing the complexities of race, gender, and social justice in Latin America. In the context of the recent necessity to rethink mobilisation and social movements, our findings highlight the significance of structuring processes over identity differentiation and the importance of networked activities in facing systemic challenges. Ultimately, this study contributes to the possibility of moving towards more complex accounts of the plurality communitarian arrangements becoming active in the middle of reality changes and mutual efforts to deal with them.

After eco-theocide: the shift from ecological conservation to eco-theological conversation in Amitav Ghosh’s The Living Mountain

Abstract Challenging the ontological dualism of being and thing, the article underscores the constant movement of “energy” between these two categories by reading Amitav Ghosh’s The Living Mountain within the paradigms of New Materialism, Shakta-Tantra and an eco-theological conceptualization of “energy”. Drawing on several post-secular philosophical ideas like “ecosophy” and “cosmotheandric spirituality”, it explores the alternative, Indigenous modes of communication with and through the divine Earth, which were gradually destroyed by seductive capitalism, resulting in eco-theocide and environmental disaster. This mode of eco-theological conversation with “material” nature diverges from the discourse of sustainable “conservation” used by late capitalism to underplay the history of ecological injustice. Finally, this article also plans to situate Ghosh’s The Living Mountain within the living traditions of mountain worship prevalent in different parts of India.

An Indigenous Strategy of Inquiry supporting Networked Learning

This paper answers two questions: What philosophical ideas in an Indigenous research paradigm serve as relational 'spaces' for a boundary-crossing Strategy of Inquiry? How do these underpinnings align with Wenger's expanded theory of Communities of Practice, a common theory within Networked Learning? Finding easily available guidance into theoretical frameworks and methods working from Indigenous philosophical underpinnings has proven to be a challenge. However, in Networked Learning there are several theories aligning well with Indigenous philosophy of which Wenger's expanded theory on Communities of Practice serves as one example highlighted in this paper. In finding relational 'spaces', ontological, epistemological and axiological underpinnings in an Indigenous research paradigm has been identified through Indigenous researchers' writings, relating those to Wenger's ideas. The findings in this paper are to be considered as a starting point for further discussions and investigations. They are not aimed at offering a complete picture, rather as something that can be widened as the boundaries between different paradigms are crossed. The readings show that an Indigenous research paradigm is called for when conducting research within an Indigenous context, especially as an Indigenous researcher, but can also inform other research paradigms, offering a boundary-crossing paradigm proliferation. Several relational 'spaces' are identified and accounted for. By looking for relational 'spaces' between an Indigenous research paradigm and Networked Learning, this paper serves as a boundary-crossing object between different paradigms, providing an outline of an Indigenous Strategy of Inquiry for a research study on remote, 1-9, Sami language education where networked learning is promoted.

ИСТОРИКО-ПРАВОВОЙ АСПЕКТ ИНСТИТУТА МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО МИРОТВОРЧЕСТВА

The article provides a retrospective analysis of the genesis of the Institute of international peace-keeping. The works of philosophers, politicians and public figures are considered in this article. The above-mentioned persons have made a significant contribution to the development of the idea of in-ternational peacemaking. The rudiments of the regulatory framework of the first international treaty are analyzed, which considered the principles of international peacekeeping and mechanisms for the prevention of military conflicts. The conclusion is formulated that the genesis of the Institute of inter-national peacemaking began with the ideas of scientists, politicians and philosophers about peace and cooperation, developed through the creation of the first international organizations and peaked with the founding of the United Nations, which became the central forum for coordinating efforts to maintain peace and security in the world community.

Philosophical and legal ideas of F.M. Dostoevsky in modern legal doctrine A. I. Bastrykin, R. F. Ismagilov, V. P. Salnikov. The idea of goodness in the works of F.M. Dostoevsky and its influence on the development of the philosophy of law (to the 200th anniversary of F. M. Dostoevsky) / opening speech by A. I. Aleksandrov. 2nd, rev. and exp.

In the presented review, the authors provide a doctrinal content characteristic of the current ideas and scientific provisions of the monograph by A. I. Bastrykin, R. F. Ismagilov, V. P. Salnikov “The idea of Goodness in the works of F. M. Dostoevsky and its influence on the development of the Philosophy of Law (to the 200th anniversary of F. M. Dostoevsky”. It is noted that this scientific work is devoted to a complex of currently relevant philosophical and legal problems, related to the understanding of goodness and evil. until now has this topic not found its worthy philosophical and historical-legal justification, as well as unambiguous perception and interpretation both among scientists and among various social groups of Russian society. The authors of the review note that the appearance of the second edition of the monograph is positive for science and practice, and also the fact that this work once again raises questions traditional for the domestic intelligentsia in the philosophical and legal discourse.

Философия поэзии: проблемы изучения (обзор материалов «круглого стола»)

On October 24, 2023, as part of the scientific project of the A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences “Literature through Philosophical Prism: the History of Russian Lyrics in V. Solovyov’s Aesthetics”, supported by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF, project No. 23-28-00800), with the participation of the Moscow State Budgetary Institution of Culture “‘A.F. Losev House’ – Research Library and Memorial Museum” and with informational support from the journal “Voprosy Filosofii”, an International Round Table “Philosophy of Poetry: Problems of Study” was held. During the round table, the following groups of questions were discussed: 1) How do literature and philosophy interact in Russian lyric poetry from the late 18th to the early 20th century, and what are the connections between philosophical ideas reflected in contemporary philosophical concepts prevalent in the intellectual environment? How was poetry perceived and interpreted by Russian philosophers (Vl. Solovyov, N.A. Berdyaev, S.N. Bulgakov, A.F. Losev, S.L. Frank, and others), and what are the forms of influence of their philosophical-aesthetic systems on poetic creativity, including through literary criticism? 2) What are the theore­tical foundations and chronological boundaries of the existence of “philosophical poetry”? What are the similarities and differences between “philosophical poetry” and “poetry of thought”? What is the relevance and what are the epistemological possibilities of poetic anthropology, ontology, and gnoseology? 3) What are the mechanisms for generating philosophically rich symbols and mythologems in poetry? What are the teleological foundations of artistic rhythm? What function do the spatial-temporal coordinates that form the artistic world of lyric poetry serve?

Research on the Translation and Influence of LiaoZhai ZhiYi in 20th Century Russia

With the accelerated exchange of different civilizations in the context of globalization, the overseas dissemination of Chinese classic literature is also playing an increasingly important role in shaping national cultural confidence. Since the beginning of the 21st century, cultural exchanges between China and Russia have become increasingly close, and the two countries have also invested key attention in the relationship between Russian literature and Chinese literature. In the past, research on the Russian translation of Chinese literature was mostly limited to the field of translation and cultural customs, while there was a lack of attention to the phenomenon of Chinese literature entering the creation of Russian writers. This leads to a lack of concrete and clear experience and theory in exploring the overseas dissemination of Chinese classic literature and promoting mutual learning and learning among different civilizations in the new situation of cultural exchange. Liaozhai Zhiyi represents the highest achievement of ancient Chinese classical short stories and is also an outstanding representative of Chinese supernatural and legendary novels. This article intends to provide an overview of the dissemination process of Pu Songling's " LiaoZhai ZhiYi " in 20th century Russia from a historical perspective, using a literature review method; On this basis, comprehensively accepting theories, comparative literary principles, etc., this study analyzes the influence of "LiaoZhai ZhiYi" on contemporary Russian literature in the 20th century, as well as the reasons and motivations behind this phenomenon. Research has found that since the beginning of the 20th century, the motivation to seek a national way out and reshape national values has driven Russia to turn its attention to China, and the characteristics of legendary supernatural novels have garnered a lot of attention; As a result, "LiaoZhai ZhiYi" formed a continuous and tumultuous process of dissemination in Russia, with Alexeyev's translation having the greatest impact; On this basis, 20th century Russian literature has formed a phenomenon of displacement or displacement in terms of characters, cultural symbols, philosophical ideas, etc., providing specific references for mutual learning and mutual learning between different cultures.

Metaphysical Conceit Analyses Of Selected Poems By John Donne’s

Metaphysical is a literary genre that combines philosophical ideas with emotional depth and deep analyses of nature. One of the famous authors in this genre is John Donne, who is known for his profound themes, distinctive style, and skillful use of conceit in his poetry. This paper aims to explore the influence of John Donne's work on metaphysical poetry and assess the contribution and striking elements of metaphysics in his selected poems by examining Donne's use of conceit. The research aims to examine how John Donne influenced the poetry of metaphysics and explore the assessment of his literary endeavors as well as metaphysical elements. The research has uncovered new perspectives from a metaphysical standpoint on religion, the universe, love, and death.

Japanese Philosophy as the Result of History of the National Spiritual Tradition

This article explores the essence of Japanese philosophy, which has evolved through the convergence of various intellectual traditions, including Shintoism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism. These spiritual foundations have deeply influenced Japanese self-perceptions, societal relations, and governance structures. Employing a dialectical method combined with the principle of complementarity, this study examined the development of Japanese philosophy, particularly during the Meiji (1868-1912) and Taisho (1912-1925) periods, highlighting the integration of Western philosophical ideas. Key contributions from thinkers such as Nishida Kitaro, who sought to merge Western concepts with Eastern traditions, are discussed. This study also emphasizes the importance of traditional Japanese arts and bodily synthesis in shaping philosophical thought. The unique ability of Japanese philosophy to adapt and transform diverse intellectual traditions is a central theme, illustrating its capacity to generate new meanings and approaches. The continuous influence of medieval categories and modern developments showcases a holistic approach that integrates both old and new perspectives. This adaptability is crucial in addressing contemporary issues such as the interaction between information culture and historical spiritual traditions. The study concludes that the flexibility and integrative nature of Japanese philosophy, exemplified by figures such as Nishida Kitaro and Imamichi Tomonobu, remain vital for contemporary philosophical discourse.

Tourette Syndrome: A Catalyst for Operationalizing Neurodiversity.

Our goal, taking Tourette syndrome as a case example, is to introduce neurologists to, and motivate discussion on, the neurodiversity paradigm. This philosophical construct considers some neurologic conditions in diversity, instead of simply disease. Moving from philosophical idea to empirical construct draws from patient and family perspectives on (1) quality of life and discrimination, (2) disability pride, and (3) unique profiles of different patient cohorts. Listening to patient voices, attending to family, advocacy group, and societal views on neurologic disorders can strengthen precision neurology practice. Dialogs on neurodiversity, including antitherapy sentiments, offer to enhance neurologic care, patient agency, and autonomy; encourage respectful communications with patients who challenge the idea their condition is pathologic; and to set the stage for future empirical investigations and practice guidelines.

SAD geographies: Making light matter

This paper addresses the relationship between light and mental health through a multifaceted inquiry into the complex and contested condition of ‘Seasonal Affective Disorder’ (SAD). It does so by first charting a disciplinary neglect of seasonal depression in ‘geographies of mental health’, followed by a consideration of broader philosophical ideas about human sensibilities and the place of light in life. These interpretative resources are brought into correspondence with both clinical debates about the legitimacy of SAD as a phenomenon and the role of culture in the experience of light-affected sadness. The paper culminates by outlining a future research agenda for a cultural geography of SAD in the context of climate-changed environmental light.

The influence of the ideas about human nature on attitudes towards charity in conservatism

This article analyzes approaches to the problem of charity and human nature that have developed within conservative political philosophy. The study analyses the philosophical and religious ideas which constituted the foundation for the categories, conceptions and key values of conservatism. An overview of the historical context and organizational principles in philanthropy is also provided. The study is based on texts by representatives of conservative political philosophy of the 19th–20th centuries, analysis of charitable practices, and analysis of institutions in the field of social policy. Conservative political philosophy generally encourages charity, but due to the different perceptions of human nature within conservatism, divergences arise between thinkers who can be divided into liberal conservatives and paternalists. The first group of contradictions is related to the perception of the personality of the recipient of assistance. Liberal conservatism most often relies on Protestant arguments and perceives poverty as a problem that requires a solution and associates it with character defects. Paternalistic conservatism retained the idea of an “economy of salvation” from Catholicism, when the poor repaid the rich with prayers for help, and saw poverty as a form of social service and, therefore, an option for the complete development of the individual. The second group of contradictions is related to the perception of the personality of the benefactor. According to the paternalistic interpretation, charity is considered a targeted service and a means for consolidating hierarchical relationships. In liberal conservatism, attention is paid to the problem of human propensity for evil, and, consequently, to the question of organizing charity through mechanisms that would minimize arbitrariness. Both approaches are primarily concerned with the protection of order and property, and differ both from liberalism, which speaks of freedom of contractual relations between autonomous individuals, and from socialism, which expects that changes in property ownership will change the human nature and eliminate the need for private charity.

Technology of formation of professional subjectivity of the future teacher

The article considers the issues of forming the professional subjectivity of future teachers. The article presents an analysis of the literature on the studied issues related to the subjectivity of the student (works by A.V. Beloshitsky, E.N. Volkova, A.V. Gvozdeva, M.V. Isakov, A.D. Kariev, L.G. Maidokina, etc.). Taking into account the specifics of the conditions of vocational pedagogical education, the author’s definition of the professional subjectivity of the future teacher was proposed, which is considered as a complex integrative personality quality that allows the future teacher to make an independent professional choice, plan, organize and evaluate his activities and the activities of students. The article examines the technological aspects of the formation of professional subjectivity of students-teachers. The theoretical and empirical substantiation of the technology of formation of professional subjectivity of future teachers in the process of mastering the content of pedagogical disciplines was presented. The issues of development of pedagogical technologies reflected in the works of V.P. Bespalko, M.V. Klarin, G.K. Selevko, V.A. Slastenin and others were considered. The article describes the components of the developed technology: the conceptual part (philosophical ideas of the subject and the subjectivity of personality, concepts of formation of professional subjectivity of a future specialist, etc.), the substantive part (goals of technology implementation and the content of education), the procedural part (a set of stages, organizational forms and teaching methods used educational technologies). The article also describes the implementation of the stages of technology for the formation of professional subjectivity of future teachers in the process of mastering the content of pedagogical disciplines by students (preparatory, activity, reflexive). The results of the implementation of technology for the formation of professional subjectivity of future teachers in experimental work are presented.

From mono to multi-causality: Towards a comprehensive perspective on understanding death

Cause-of-death statistics are an age-old source of information for health policy and medical research. In these statistics, the presentation of data is based on the idea of an underlying cause of death, i.e. one (“the”) cause of death per deceased. This idea reflects an 18th Century causal thinking and is less and less applicable to contemporary patterns of dying in high income countries with an aging population suffering from chronic diseases and multi- or comorbidity at the end of life. Therefore, today's clinical reality calls for an innovation of cause-of-death statistics. For this, I will consider contemporary philosophical ideas on causality and their application to death. I will argue multi-causality is a more comprehensive way to understand death than mono-causality, implying a change of perspective with regard to current cause-of-death statistics.

Syncopated Chronologies: Architectural Conservation and Spectral Documentation

AbstractFrom its very inception, architectural preservation, and the specialist conservation practices that have evolved to support it, have occupied a shifting territory of constant quantification and continually evolving legislation. Architectural designer Cameron Stebbing evokes a menagerie of philosophical ideas used to illustrate and explore the notion that traditional recording techniques ignore hidden and veiled presences within our built environment.

Xue Baochai and Marya Bolkonskaya: a comparative analysis of the characters of the novels of Cao Xueqin and Leo Tolstoy

The article is devoted to the comparison of the images of the characters of Xue Baochai in Cao Xueqin's novel "The Dream in the Red Chamber" and Marya Bolkonskaya in Leo Tolstoy's epic "War and Peace". In Cao Xueqin's novel, a full-fledged image of Xue Baochai was created as the "ideal woman" in relation to traditional society. In the novel by L. N. Tolstoy, among a number of female images, the essence of which is revealed through the "dialectic of the soul", Marya Bolkonskaya is a woman with a kind heart and strong religious beliefs. To date, there have been no attempts in literary studies to compare the formation of a female characters in Russian and Chinese literature. It seems possible to compare two female characters in terms of their appearance and psychological traits, the philosophical ideas of the authors, as well as to identify the problem of the influence of the historical period in which the characters live. When writing the article, the method of comparative analysis was used, this allowed to identify the common and special in literary works. Using this method, similar life paths of the characters of the novels and different ways of depicting them were revealed. The novelty of the research lies in an attempt to compare the images of the characters of two literary masterpieces describing different eras and countries. The main conclusions of the author of the article are as follows: Cao Xueqin, who was influenced by traditional Chinese ideas, created a complex and tragic image of Xue Baochai and revealed the nature of the position of a woman within the framework of feudal social relations; L. N. Tolstoy, in the process of creating the image of Mary Bolkonskaya, followed Christian ideals, endowing the character with virtues; Due to the difference of the authors' life experiences and ideological views, as well as the socio-economic conditions of their formation and development, the fates of the characters of their works also differ.

ТРАДИЦИОННАЯ ЭСТЕТИКА И ФИЛОСОФИЯ «НОВОЙ МУЗЫКИ» КИТАЯ

The present study analyses the correlation between traditional aesthetics and the philosophy of China's "new music". The author provides a brief characterisation of national ideas of philosophy and aesthetics, special attention among which is paid to the concepts of "philosophy", "wisdom", "knowledge", "heaven", "earth", "man" and "unity". Their manifestation was found in the compositions, musical techniques, and performances of Tian Jianping, Zhou Wenzhong, and Qiu Xiaosong, who drew not only on philosophical and aesthetic national ideas but also on the contents of the Book of Changes. As a result, it is found that philosophical and aesthetic thinking has a broad influence on national composers, as many of them are now adhering to the principle of "returning to the roots". These outstanding composers have demonstrated the contemporary transformation of national philosophy and aesthetics through their unique musical language and creative methods. Their works are not only a tribute to tradition, but also a glimpse into the future, reflecting the ways of modernising and internationalising folk music by absorbing the essence of world music through the heart. In doing so, the manifestation of certain themes of Chinese aesthetics is presented in an organisational form based on their relationship with central philosophical concepts. We must realise that these themes are not only a means of artistic expression, but also a bridge between past and future, East and West. In today's multicultural world, Chinese "new music" not only carries the mission of inheriting the cultural heritage of the millennium, but also meets the challenge of innovation and development in the new era. By analysing the relationship between traditional aesthetics and philosophy of Chinese "new music", this study reveals an important fact: folk music innovation is not a rootless tree, but rooted in deep cultural soil, drawing on the nourishing environment of history and philosophy.

PHILOSOPHICAL AND ETHICAL METHODOLOGY OF L. I. PETRAZYSKI’S LAW THEORY

The article is devoted to the large-scale L. I. Petrazyski’s theory of law, which is filled with new ideas that introduced into methodology, psychology and philosophy of law. The article is targeted to explore the mental structure of consciousness developed by Petrazyski, which is adaptable to a wide range of legal norms and subjective standards for assessing the content of legal experience. Methodology and methods. The dialectical method of discussion was used, supplemented by the deductive method and the method of critical analysis. Results. According to Petrazyski, law itself contains a dichotomy of individual imperative and external instructions for fulfilling duties. Understanding of internal imperative is formed in the mind under the influence of legal experience gained in everyday life. On this basis, an intuitive right is formed that determines a person’s attitude to social activities and personal behavior. The idea of ​​intuitive law runs through all of Petrazycki’s works, which gives him the opportunity to build the concept of a historically inextricable connection between morality and law, resulting in the correct formation of legal norms, changes in social life, and movement towards the common good and justice. It is concluded that Petrazyski’s main contribution to the theory and philosophy of law lies in his firm belief in the unity of law, morality and psychology, as a distinctive characteristic of intuitive law from positive law. Practical implication. The results of the work can be used for further research into Petrazyski’s philosophical and legal ideas of law.

UGALI AND UBUNTU: A CULINARY JOURNEY THROUGH BELONGING IN THE SELECT WORKS OF NGUGI WA THIONGO

Ubuntu emphasises the value of interpersonal relationships, group accountability, and interdependence. Ubuntu essentially represents the ideas that a person's identity is shaped by their relationships with other people and that a community's health is a prerequisite for a person's personal health. It is a tenet that fosters compassion, empathy, and teamwork in order to advance social cohesiveness and peace. Ubuntu is a prominent African philosophical idea that has received international popularity, especially in relation to debates over social fairness, leadership, and how to resolve conflicts. Ngugi wa Thiong'o explores deep themes of identity, community, and belonging in her chosen works by deftly combining the ideas of Ugali and Ubuntu. A common dish in many African cultures, ugali signifies more than just sustenance, it is a symbol of community, nourishment, and the shared experiences of meals spent together. The African ideology of Ubuntu, which states, "I am because we are," emphasises the interconnectedness and shared humanity of communities. This culinary tradition symbolises this principle. In the context of Kenya's sociopolitical environment, Ngugi's stories explore the lives of people who struggle with colonial tyranny, cultural upheaval, and the desire for autonomy. Ngugi highlights the value of community values and solidarity as crucial for overcoming adversity and restoring cultural identity through his moving stories.