Ideas Of Experts Research Articles

MOTIVATION OF TOURISTS AS PUSH AND PULL FACTORS TO VISIT SELECTED CHURCHES IN BULACAN

Different regions of the Philippines are regularly visited for relaxation purposes by travelers from all over the world based on previous study. In Bulacan, a province is known for its historical heritage, and you can see well-preserved examples of Philippine history from the past. The study focused on tourist motivation as a push and pull element for visiting specific churches in Bulacan. The study focused on tourist motivation as a push and pull element for visiting specific Bulacan churches. The data was collected from 100 tourists in Bulacan churches who were chosen at random to reflect the populace. The push-pull theory, which explains why tourists prefer one destination over another, was tested in this study. To fill in the study's research gaps, the researcher uses the expert ideas in developing the questionnaire. In this study, the researchers used the quantitative descriptive method. The descriptive research design refers to a set of research methods to investigate one or more variables that describe a group of people or a phenomenon. The survey was sent through various tourist Facebook groups. In addition, 100 visitors who visited the above churches in Bulacan were polled. Google Forms was used to disseminate the questionnaire. The findings of the study were beneficial to tourism students. It discussed the idea's pull and push, allowing them to determine tourist motives for visiting a specific location. This document provided students with the knowledge and a foundation for their studies. The paper's findings were used to determine tourist motivation for visiting Philippine places.

‘I want to be judged on my work, I don’t want to be judged as a person’: Inequality, expertise and cultural value in UK craft

This article focuses on the relationship between inequality, expertise and cultural value in UK professional craft. Drawing on interviews with ethnically diverse women makers, I explore how getting their craft skills recognised and valued as expertise hinders their ability to establish a full-time career in craft. This is because judgements of craft expertise are largely predicated on aesthetic codes and classifications which are historically racialised, gendered and classed. In order to address these exclusionary processes, I argue that expertise in craft, which refers to the practical skills of production and the capacities of the maker, should be more central to evaluative judgements. I draw on Janet Wolff’s work on community evaluation to discuss how evaluative judgements about craft expertise can be less universalizing and instead located within specific contexts and communities. I propose that community evaluation could help to reframe what ideas of craft expertise are and address existing inequalities in the sector.

<i>New Qing History</i> School: The Manchu Turn in American Historiography

The article gives a detailed overview of modern trends in the American Manchu studies. Special attention is given to theNew Qing History historiographic school, which during the 1980s and 1990s criticized the Sinicization theory on entirely new levels of theorizing during the 1980s and the 1990s. Despite existing differences in views, the experts share common approaches to the Qing studies: importance of the Manchu sources, comparison of the Qing dynasty with the other Early Modern empires of Eurasia, refusal to identify the Manchu regime with China and considering China only as one of the parts of the Empire, close attention to the identities issue in the Qing empire. This article analyzes the ideas of such prominent American experts in Manchu studies as Pamela Kyle Crossley and Mark C. Elliott, as well as some concepts of their teachers and predecessors. The central position of theNew Qing Historyschool is a statement of the importance of the Manchu factor in the functioning of the Qing state. The article also gives the critical response of supporters of the Sinicization theory to the theses prevailing among the American scholars. They express doubts about the dichotomy claimed by the New Qing History scholars between Manchu and Chinese identities. In their opinion, the process of sinicization includes not only Chinese but also other minor forms of identities, so the Manchus could preserve their own identity but still think of themselves as part of the Chinese civilization. Such criticism undoubtedly has common points with the modern Chinese political concept of the «Chinese family of the united nations». The author believes both approaches should be taken into consideration when researching Manchu and Chinese sources as part of the Qing studies.

Delphi technique between the easy theoretic and the difficulty application in scientific research and future studies

The application of Delphi technique in scientific studies and future scientific research gave it a great importance according to the efficiency and effectiveness of its results. It is able to find solutions to any research problem by following the methodological steps during its application, starting with the selection of experts and identifying the problem studied carefully to the results or the final report that prepared by the researcher based on the opinions and expert ideas. This technique combines between quantitative and qualitative way. It is based mainly on questionnaires distributed from two to four phases as a maximum, which contain open questions in its first phase and closed ones in the rest of the stages. Through this paper we will try to explain this technique, the steps that are based on it with its advantages, disadvantages and the difficulties of its application with a typical example explaining how to apply them.

Remaking the International Civil Service: The Legacies of British Internationalism in the United Nations Secretariat, 1945–7

Abstract While Great Britain’s influence upon the League of Nations Secretariat has been extensively studied, its role in the United Nations Secretariat has not received the same attention, despite high British representation in the organization’s first decades. This article examines concurrent debates on the location and staffing of the United Nations from 1945 to 1947 to argue that British officials saw representation in the United Nations administration as a way to extend the version of internationalism they had institutionalized at the League, based on ideas of administrative neutrality, expertise, and efficiency, which favoured Britain’s empire and global influence. These discussions illustrate a clear focus on administration, despite principles of staff neutrality and geographic representation, and despite the rise of the United States and anticolonialism. However, this article shows, these developments impacted the international civil service in ways that diminished Britain’s influence. It was in siting and staffing the new international organization that British officials realized their old tactics would no longer work, with implications for Britain’s world role and empire that extended far beyond the Secretariat.

The power of folk ideas in economic policy and the central bank–commercial bank analogy

ABSTRACT This article argues that policy-makers’ non-expert or ‘folk’ ideas can affect policy outcomes in a way that challenges the assumption of economic policy-making being guided by expert ideas emanating from the realm of economics and other sciences. To substantiate this argument, the article invokes literatures on audience costs as well as on economic folk theories to highlight the power of analogies and fallacies in the formulation of policy. While political economists have focused exclusively on the power of the ‘household analogy’ in the area of fiscal policy, much less is known about its monetary policy equivalent, which the article introduces as the ‘bank analogy’. Empirically, the analogy is assessed in the context of what is arguably a least likely case for the power of folk ideas to hold: the European Central Bank's governance of its balance sheet, the most powerful balance sheet in Europe.

Job Allocation of Rajawali Mas Family Members Based on Miner’s Entrepreneurial Personalities and Myer-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

This research is conducted to allocate Rajawali Mas family members into a fit job position based on Miner’s Entrepreneurial Personalities and Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). This research uses a quantitative descriptive research design. There are three participants chosen in this study, including the first generation of Rajawali Mas, the second generation of Rajawali Mas who join the business, and an expert in human resource management and family business. The questionnaire and interview are used to collect the data. The result of the study found that each family member who joined the Rajawali Mas business has different characteristics of entrepreneurship. Based on the Miner’s Test, Rajawali Mas family members possessed different types of entrepreneur route, such as the Personal Achiever, the Real Manager and the Expert Idea Generator, including a complex entrepreneur which is possessed by the CEO. Based on the MBTI, Rajawali Mas family member personality ranged to ISTJ, ESTJ, ESTP and ISFJ personality.

نماذج تطوير المناهج التعليمية وتوظيفها في تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها


 The rapid changes in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution prompted impacts on all aspects of life. As a result, it is necessary for those in the field of education, especially Arabic teaching, to quickly adapt to the changes. The objectives of this research are to describe the models of educational curriculum development presented by famous educational scholars, and to reveal their advantages and disadvantages, and to use them in developing curriculum for teaching Arabic to non-native speakers. The researcher used the qualitative approach and library research in which he studied the ideas of experts in the field of education and curriculum in particular. The data was collected by studying books written by experts in the education curriculum and journals about the curriculum in general and the language curriculum in particular. It was analyzed according to the opinion of Mills, Huberman, and Saldana. The results of this research are: (1) There are some educational curriculum models, namely Ralph Taylor, Hilda Taba, Wheeler, Oliva, and Doll models. (2) It is important to develop the Arabic language teaching curriculum by taking advantage of those models and taking into account their advantage and disadvantages. The conclusion of this research indicates that the curriculum plays an important role in the educational process. Therefore, it needs to be developed further.

PERANAN MOTIVASI ORANG TUA TERHADAP KELANJUTAN STUDI SISWA SMK NEGERI 3 TONDANO

THe purpose of this study using the method used is the method of description, which aims to explain the relationship between the role of motivation given by parents with the continuation of children's studies. This approach is based on a theoretical framework, the ideas of experts, as well as an understanding of their experiences, then developed into problems that are proposed to obtain justification in the form of data. The population in this study were all students of the PTB Department. The population in this study were all parents of grade 2 students at SMK Negeri 3 Tondano from 5 majors (Computers and Networks, Electricity, Automotive, Building, Wood Creative Crafts). The test results show that there is a major problem, namely the role of parental motivation which is sufficient to encourage children to do something positive in their formal education. Motivation is a complex of forces, drives, needs, statements, tension-building or other mechanisms that become and become desirable activities for personal goals. What will be achieved, the clearer how the motivational action is carried out. Motivational actions will be successful if the goals are clear and realized by the motivated party and in accordance with the needs of the motivated parent.
 Keywords: The Role of Parents' Motivation and Continuation of Students' Study.

ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL BUILDING DESIGN WITH A COVID-19 PROTECTION PROTOCOL

Islamic Boarding School building functions as a place of education for prospective ulama who are expected to be the disseminators of Islamic religious knowledge to the wider community. Coronavirus transmission was very fast in 2019-2022, so Islamic boarding schools must appeal to the government’s way of learning, one of which is to comply with the Covid-19 protection protocol. This study aims to get Islamic boarding school design with Covid-19 protection protocol. The method we did was survey and observation to initial research data, then made floor plans for the first and the second floors with AutoCAD according to a related party and expert ideas. Finally, with SketchUp Pro, a standard building design for the COVID-19 health protocol was obtained, such as the design of the top, 3D, side, and inside view. The design consisted of a bedroom in 8x8 meters with a height of 4 meters for 18 students with adequate ventilation and lighting. In every room and terrace, there is Covid-19 health protocol message. The area for hand washing with soap is located in the right and left wings of the bedroom. The stairs and doors for entry and exit are different. The rooms are arranged with one-way circulation of human movement. The corridor to come through the main stairs or the area near the bathroom goes down through the stairs near the ablution place. With this arrangement of beds, students' movement in the bedroom leads to another corridor from the direction of arrival. The students sitting on the bed can see the green view. They can move without colliding with each other, so it feels more relieved. They are targeted for activities in good health and lower disease transmission. As a result, students get more breathing space and behave more responsibly for personal health. For teachers and management, it is easier to carry out transmission tracing.

Diagnosis and prediction of failures in maintenance systems using fuzzy inference and Z-number method

In this research, a timely diagnosis and prediction mechanism for drill failure are provided to improve the maintenance process in drilling through fuzzy inference systems. Failures and decisions are based on information and reliability as well, and that affects the quality of decision-making. We apply the potential of if-then rules and a new approach called Z-number that considers fuzzy constraints and reliability at the same time. Exerting Z-number in this research took maximum advantage of reducing uncertainty for predicting failures. Additionally, this research has a practical aspect in maintenance systems by using if-then rules that rely on Z-number. The proposed approach can cover the expert idea during drill operation time simultaneously. This approach also helps experts encounter ambiguous situations and formulate uncertainties. Experts or drill operators can consider key factors of drilling collapse along with the reliability of these factors. The proposed approach can be applied to a real-life situation of human inference with probability for the purpose of predicting failures during drilling. Hence, this method has excellent flexibility for implementation in various maintenance systems.

An Investigation Into Safe Printmaking Methods With Etching Without Acid, For Art & Design For Higher Education Institutions In Pakistan

The purpose of this research was to explore healthy, environmentally friendly, effective, and economical alternatives to traditional acid-base printmaking practices. The research took place in Pakistan, where chemicals and acids are widely used for printmaking in Art & Design higher education institutions as well as in artist’s workshops. These approaches pose serious health and safety issues for teachers, students, and practitioners alike as well as causing environmental damage. However, no research on safer alternatives had been previously carried out in the country. The investigation filled this gap using a mixed-methods research design: a practice-led project focused on the design, development, and testing of an electro-etching machine made entirely from economical and locally available components; the opinions and ideas of experts and practitioners were gauged through questionnaires and structured interviews; and, finally, the technical and aesthetic qualities and possibilities of the proposed machine were tested and evaluated through a print workshop involving students, professors, and print artists. The research found that the proposed method met the inquiry’s main objectives, namely: to produce high-quality artistic prints using a safe and economical alternative to acid. The researchers conclude by arguing that the research has the potential to move educational and artistic practices in Pakistan away from unhealthy and damaging methods and towards safe and sustainable forms of print production.

Integrating quantitative and qualitative methodologies to build a national R&D plan using data envelopment analysis based on R&D stakeholders' perspectives.

The yearly increase in government R&D investment and top-down national R&D investment allocation requires a more quantitative decision-making system that maximizes R&D performance and efficient budget allocation. Sound decision-making is necessary at both the selection stage and the pursuit stage in order to maximize limited national R&D resources. We study Korean smart farms as an example to examine national R&D investment from the various R&D actors (academia, industry, and research institutes) perspectives. The objective of our research is to evaluate the theoretical efficiency of R&D investment on specific technologies in smart farms and compare the results with expert opinions where the reality is reflected. To be specific, our study is to provide the quantitative approach in making decision among policymakers by reflecting the field experiences and opinions. We use a data envelopment analysis with an assurance region model, which integrates an analytic hierarchy process and a data envelopment analysis. The weights of output in DEA model by the R&D actors are similar to the overall weight by all actors, implying that investment allocation decisions in the smart farm sector are not significantly affected by the R&D actors. We realized that the relative efficiency of some R&D technologies increases after reflecting qualitative ideas of experts. In reality, it is necessary to invest in these technology groups, but they excluded from top-down decision-making. This also shows that a government's top-down decision-making can distort its investment allocation. This study proposes a new approach to compensate for the difference between theoretical virtual prices and actual prices in data envelopment analysis. In particular, when comparing the only quantitative results on investment priorities with analysis results by additionally reflecting the opinions of experts in each sector, we found that the Korean government's investment priorities in the smart farm field are considerably distorted. Therefore, this study is expected to be used as an alternative for policy makers to compensate for the quantitative distortion might be caused by top-down national R&D investment decisions.

Health TrueInfo: A multilingual Android app and social media approach in tackling COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy in Bolivia, India, and Canada

COVID-19 vaccine misinformation has been fueling vaccine hesitancy, which has been one of the main factors in slowing down the vaccination rate (Loomba et al., 2021). An increase in vaccine hesitancy, especially among the vulnerable communities, will exacerbate the already overwhelming economic and health burden of COVID-19. The purpose of Health TrueInfo is to use knowledge translation strategies to implement evidence-based health communications via social media in order to tackle COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy among vulnerable populations in Bolivia, India, and Canada. The Health TrueInfo initiative is in collaboration with health experts and community members, asking them to create audiovisuals that convey powerful and culturally relevant messages to their communities. Such content combats local misinformation and encourages vaccine uptake. The audiovisual content is then uploaded to our multilingual Android app and social media platforms on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and LinkedIn.The concept of using social media to tackle misinformation was informed from systematic reviews, highlighting its potential by health organizations to combat prevalent misinformation as social media is widely used to share and seek health information (Chou et al., 2018; Suarez-Lledo & Alvarez-Galvez, 2021). Community engagement and searching grey literature were important methodologies to understand different local contexts of misinformation. For instance, to better comprehend how misinformation plays a role in increasing vaccine hesitancy among the Indigenous Quechua peoples in Bolivia, we collaborated with a Quechua social media influencer, who helped us create a skit inspired by the current local misinformation. Likewise, we have asked other stakeholders in healthcare like local teenagers, frontline doctors, and health experts to help create content addressing their respective communities. The knowledge translation strategies utilized here were to contextualize information, appeal to potential vaccine-hesitant groups, and use community engagement strategies like involving influencers to help us reach specific demographic groups and overcome linguistic and cultural barriers (Bella et al., 2021). One way to quantitatively estimate the impact of the project is through social media analytics. When contributors or influencers helped create audiovisuals and share with their followers, some of our content have reached over 1000 impressions and 200 views within targeted demographics. This initial success may imply how Health TrueInfo models the idea of health experts, social media influencers, and members of their own communities working together to reduce vaccine misinformation and hesitancy via creating multimodal social media contents, which in turn might help increase health and digital literacy, and battle social isolation. As health misinformation is a relatively new research field and vaccine hesitancy literature for countries like Bolivia and for the Indigenous communities in general are limited, Health TrueInfo can inspire participatory action research in countries and communities that are under-represented in the peer-reviewed literature to better understand different context-specific factors contributing to vaccine misinformation and hesitancy.

How to Be an Epistemic Trespasser

How to Be an Epistemic Trespasser

How Not to Be an Expert

How <i>Not</i> to Be an Expert

Proces cywilny w „nowym wydaniu”: prawno-historycznych uwag kilka w związku z nowelizacją kodeksu postępowania cywilnego (z dnia 4 lipca 2019 r.) i komentarzami doktryny

The article aims to formulate a legal-historical voice in the discussion about the amendment of the code of civil procedure (4 July 2019) and comments on the doctrine. Regulations introduced to the code on 4 July 2019 were under comprehensive discussion also in the interwar period. The pioneering concepts developed at that time concerned primarily: an obligatory reply to the statement of claim and preparatory proceedings, an obligation to tell the truth, the discretionary power of a judge, and abuse of the procedural rights clause. These original regulations were removed from the first Polish Code of Civil Procedure draft as too innovative for those times. However, the unrealized ideas of experts and their sources resulting from the preparatory materials are often much more valuable for studying the civil process than the adopted act. After reading the justification of the draft amendment of July 4, 2019, and the comments on the doctrine, one cannot help but feel that these gains of interwar science have been kept silent. The institutions introduced by the Act of 4 July 2019 were characterized as a manifestation of legal creationism and a manifestation of the hypertrophy of effectiveness in relation to the guarantee of a fair trial. Therefore, to discuss the recent actions of the legislator in reforming civil proceedings, it is worth adding a few remarks from the legal-historical perspective and comparative history of law, as they generally concern concepts and institutions that were designed almost 100 years ago.

PRIORITIZATION OF FOREST FIRE HAZARD RISK SIMULATION USING HYBRID GREY RELATIVITY ANALYSIS (HGRA) AND FUZZY ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (FAHP) COUPLED WITH MULTICRITERIA DECISION ANALYSIS (MCDA) TECHNIQUES – A COMPARATIVE STUDY ANALYSIS

Forests are important dynamic systems which are widely attracted by wild fires worldwide. Due to the complexity and non-linearity of the causative forest fire problems, employing sophisticated hybrid evolutionary algorithms is a logical task to achieve a reliable approximation of this environmental threats. This estimate will provide the outline of priority areas for preventing activities and allocation of fire fighters’ stations, seeking to minimize possible damages caused by fires. This study aims at prioritizing the forest fire risk of Wassa West district of Ghana. The study considered static causative factors such as Land use and land cover (which include forest, built-ups and settlement areas), slope, aspect, linear features (water bodies and roads) and dynamic causative factors such as wind speed, precipitation, and temperature were used. The methods employed include a Hybrid Grey Relativity Analysis (HGRA) and Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) techniques. The fuzzy sets integrated with AHP in a decision-making algorithm using geographic information system (GIS) was used to model the fire risk in the study area. FAHP and HGRA methods were used for estimating the importance (weights) of the effective factors in forest fire modelling. Based on their modelling methods, the expert ideas were used to express the relative importance and priority of the major criteria and sub-criteria in forest fire risk in the study area. The expert ideas were analyzed based on FAHP and HGRA. The major criteria models and fire risk model were presented based on these FAHP and HGRA weights. On the other hand, the spatial data of the sub criteria were provided and assembled in GIS environment to obtain the sub-criteria maps. Each sub-criterion map was converted to raster format and it was reclassified based on risks of its classes to fire occurrence. The maps of each major criterion were obtained by weighted overlay of its sub criteria maps considering to major criterion model in GIS environment. Finally, the map of fire risk was obtained by weighted overlay of major criteria maps considering to fire risk model in GIS. The results showed that the FAHP model showed superiority than HGRA in prioritizing forest fire risk of the study area in terms of statistical analysis with a standard deviation of 0.09277 m as compared to 0.1122 m respectively. The obtained fire risk map can be used as a decision support system for predicting of the future trends in the study area. The optimized structures of the proposed models could serve as a good alternative to traditional forest predictive models, and this can be a promisingly testament used for future planning and decision making in the proposed areas.

Preparation of social workers for professional activity in the field of health: implementation of progressive ideas of the USA in Ukraine

The relevance of the study is due to the growing importance of health in the value system of modern society, as well as the deteriorating health of the population not only in Ukraine but in the world as a whole. The situation has especially deteriorated in the context of the coronavirus infection pandemic, which has led to the emergence of numerous new and exacerbation of "old" social problems of the population. Social workers cannot stay away from the problems faced by ordinary citizens, especially when it comes to achieving social justice and respect for human rights, in particular in such a sensitive area as health. To ensure the effective provision of social services and to address the social problems of the population on the basis of health, social workers must be properly prepared for this type of professional activity. The training of social workers for health activities in Ukraine is a fairly new and not very common area of training in higher education institutions, and the practice of social workers in the field of health care in Ukraine is not yet a typical phenomenon. The use of progressive foreign developments is a good basis for quality preparation of future and already practicing social workers for health activities. Of particular importance is the American experience in training social workers to work in health care, based on more than a century of practice in this area. In order to borrow and adapt the valuable ideas of foreign experts, a comparison of the training of social workers for health activities in the United States and Ukraine was made. On the basis of the revealed common and distinctive features the ways of introduction of the best achievements of the American high school in domestic practice of preparation of social workers are offered.

التطوير المهني لأعضاء هيئة التدريس : مدخل لتحقيق الجودة في التعليم الجامعي

This study tackled the professional development of staff members in higher education institutions, with emphasis on the diverse roles of the staff members they are associated with the spirit of the currently accepted educational theories and thoughts.The study aimed to clarify the roles, tasks and competences of staff members in higher education institutions and the need and justifications of the importance of professional development. The study tried to find answers for a number of questions; the most important are: What are the roles, tasks and competencies of staff members? Why is it necessary to pay attention for the staff members' performance development? What are the competencies the teaching staff in these institutions should be equipped with? What are the means and patterns of training needed to develop competencies of the teaching staff members?The study adopted the descriptive analytical methodology by analyzing the views and ideas of experts on the topic. The study summed up with a number of conclusions and recommendations.