Ideal World Research Articles

Calculating the Digitization Level of Specimens with the Minimum Information about a Digital Specimen (MIDS) Standard

Natural history specimens constitute physical evidence for past observations of nature. They hold further value as the backbone of taxonomy and as historical samples that can be subjected to further analysis. Yet, as physical objects scattered across collections around the world, their scientific use cases are limited by an overall lack of FAIRness, i.e. not easily Findable, Accessible, Interoperable or Reusable. Digitization of these specimens through imaging and categorical metadata capture can improve this FAIRness and has been done to some extent for decades already, but only recently have technical developments in the field of imaging and information technology made it possible for the fruits of these digitization efforts to be widely distributed and utilized. Digitization can be done in many different ways and while protocols may be well formulated during a project or within the responsible digitization team, they are often not communicated beyond to users, get lost with time and are not available for analysts to assess the state of digitization or make requests concerning material for which further information may be available. Hence, as digitization is ongoing, it is a difficult exercise to estimate how much has been digitized, and to what extent, at the collection level or on a larger scale. The Minimum Information about a Digital Specimen (MIDS) standard that is currently under development by a Working Group of Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG) aims to address this problem by defining hierarchical levels of digitization, each associated with a set of criteria for a level to be achieved by an individual specimen. MIDS has been in development since work in the ICEDIG project in 2019 and its earlier drafts have been used in surveys to try and determine digitization status, often through coarse estimates based on the experience of curators. As a result, these scores cannot be considered reproducible or particularly reliable. Ideally, MIDS scores can be calculated automatically based on a mapping made between the data model of the source and the MIDS criteria. These mappings should also take into account any data value that is known not to be reflective of digitization status. While in an ideal world there would be only one accepted mapping for any data model, different practices causing interoperability conflicts and different kinds of specimens will likely continue to require slight modifications. To make this concrete, we constructed a few JSON schemas that specify such mappings, based on the current specification of the MIDS standard and the state of biodiversity data in a few sources, including Darwin Core archives for occurrence data as produced by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). These schemas could be incorporated into existing data publication workflows to automatically calculate MIDS levels. We have also developed an R Shiny app with a user interface to make calculations and simple adjustments of the schemas. We welcome anyone interested to further develop the syntax and philosophy behind the schemas and their integration into other systems.

Book Review: In An Ideal World

Book Review: In An Ideal World

Traces of Time in Contemporary Literature

If we look at the term "Contemporary" in the history of the Tamil language, the periods starting from the end of the nineteenth century to the twentieth century to the present day are variously defined as the period of the arrival of Melai Natar, the development of prose, drama, the rise of film Tamil, science, Tamil, computer Tamil, the developmental period of web Tamil, and Media Tamil, and refer to the literary creations of the respective periods as twentieth century Tamil literature as well as divided, compiled, and analysed into short stories, novels, short novels, prose poems, new poems, and haiku poems. It seems that today's Tamil world is travelling in a worthwhile world of knowledge and exploration. When looking at the history of the Tamil language in its entirety, it is noteworthy that literary and grammatical works of the same type have been written from the Sangatamil period up to the mediaeval Tamil period. However, it is evident that modern Tamil literature has been created with more open forms and poetry. Because, although the modern literary period is shorter than other literary periods, the ideal world that Tamil says has to be renewed for many changes, changes and needs from the level of daily life, and it has become something that can happen naturally. Therefore, the works of modern Tamil literature have been structured beyond the natural Tamil language literary and grammatical definitions in accordance with the living environment, i.e., in terms of subject matter and formative structures, they are structured with indefinite definitions. However, the creations of C. Subramania Bharatiyar, who was born on 11.12.1882 and completed his worldly life on 11.09.1921 AD, are works that preserve the traditions of Tamil literature and grammar, and it is noteworthy to point to the contemporary traces, bear the traces of time that belong to the future of the same time, and record the traces of time that are suitable for all times. It is admirable that he has recorded in his poems hundreds of years before while singing about Gandhi. He is expressing his contemporary position of self-reliance as the primary leader of thirty crore people who are very diverse in many different races, languages, and cultures, a compilation of songs titled "Paradesam" even before the independence of Bharatha Nadu, published in the collection "Naatuppaattu" in AD 1919, and presenting Bharatha desam before our eyes with his poetry and the basic forms of activities that will be the projects of the 21st Century Resource Forms for Central Government Projects. Many projects, such as the Sethu Samudhirthra Project of the Central Government, which is much talked about today, will be explained. This article examines "Vinayagar Nanmani Mala’ which was written in 1918 AD and first published in 1929 AD, the four types of duties and their benefits that are meant for people of all ages.

Соціо-культурні виміри проєкту життя Михайла Коцюбинського

In the review of the scientific monograph, Y. Polishchuk presents an attempt to trace what contributed to the appearance of this book in the creative biography of the researcher. Two main positions of the author of the monograph are analyzed. First, the aesthetic understanding of the creative individuality of M. Kotsyubinsky. Second, the problem of dissonance between the ideal world of the beautiful (beauty) and the pragmatics of the physical (the mirror of being). Analogies of artistic writing with the techniques of cinematographic technique are traced, which made it possible to note interspecific coherence in the writer's work. It has been concluded that the reflection of biographical models in the poetics of M. Kotsyubinsky's works has been traced in an innovative way.

“Cultivate Beauty with Beauty, Share beauty with Others” — towards Chinese Utopian Thought “Great Harmony”

Just like the “Utopia” in the West, China also has its own ideal form of the world, which is the idea of “Great Harmony”.Great Harmony is an ancient Chinese thought, which refers to the ideal world that mankind can finally reach, and represents mankind’s beautiful vision for the future society. Nowadays,with the increasing cultural exchanges, the question of “how to deal with the cultural relations among various ethnic groups in China and even the world to promote cultural diversity and cultural prosperity?” is becoming more and more urgent. A short, powerful sentence in dealing with cultural relations of Mr. Fei Xiaotong , “Every form of beauty has its uniqueness;precious is to appreciate other forms of beauty with openness;if beauty represents itself with diversity and integrity,the world will be blessed with harmony and unity” answered this question, and once again enriched the connotation of China’s “Great Harmony” thought by focusing on Beauty, create beauty, respect different beauties, and ultimately promote the realization of the “Great World of Harmony”.On the road to promote the realization of the “world unity” of culture, we must not only cultivate the beauty of China with the vision of beauty and the cultural foundation of beauty, but also respect the cultural diversity, handle the relationship between different civilizations, and promote the common prosperity of culture.

Bernard Shaw as Political Writer

Bernard Shaw as Political Writer

Unpacking data-centric geotechnics

The purpose of this paper (presented online as a keynote lecture at the 25th Annual Indonesian Geotechnical Conference on 10 Nov 2021) is to broadly conceptualize the agenda for data-centric geotechnics, an emerging field that attempts to prepare geotechnical engineering for digital transformation. The agenda must include (1) development of methods that make sense of all real-world data (not selective input data for a physical model), (2) offering insights of significant value to critical real-world decisions for current or future practice (not decisions for an ideal world or decisions of minor concern to geotechnical engineers), and (3) sensitivity to the physical context of geotechnics (not abstract data-driven analysis connected to geotechnics in a peripheral way, i.e., engagement with the knowledge and experience base should be substantial). These three elements are termed “data centricity”, “fit for (and transform) practice”, and “geotechnical context” in the agenda. Given that a knowledge of the site is central to any geotechnical engineering project, data-driven site characterization (DDSC) must constitute one key application domain in data-centric geotechnics, although other infrastructure lifecycle phases such as project conceptualization, design, construction, operation, and decommission/reuse would benefit from data-informed decision support as well. One part of DDSC that addresses numerical soil data in a site investigation report and soil property databases is pursued under Project DeepGeo. In principle, the source of data can also go beyond site investigation, and the type of data can go beyond numbers, such as categorical data, text, audios, images, videos, and expert opinion. The purpose of Project DeepGeo is to produce a 3D stratigraphic map of the subsurface volume below a full-scale project site and to estimate relevant engineering properties at each spatial point based on actual site investigation data and other relevant Big Indirect Data (BID). Uncertainty quantification is necessary, as current real-world data is insufficient, incomplete, and/or not directly relevant to construct a deterministic map. The value of a deterministic map for decision support is debatable. The computational cost to do this for a 3D true scale subsurface volume must be reasonable. Ultimately, geotechnical structures need to be a part of a completely smart infrastructure that fits the circular economy and need to focus on delivering service to end-users and the community from project conceptualization to decommission/reuse with full integration to smart city and smart society. Although current geotechnical practice has been very successful in taking “calculated risk” informed by limited data, imperfect theories, prototype testing, observations, among others and exercising judicious caution and engineering judgment, there is no clear pathway forward to leverage on big data and digital technologies such as machine learning, BIM, and digital twin to meet more challenging needs such as sustainability and resilience engineering.

‘We are going to the right direction… but we are not in ideal world yet’: understanding gender (in)equality within leadership positions in Nordic football governance

The importance of gender equality and equity in sports is highlighted not only in practice but also in research; however, previous research has often treated sports as a single context and has disregarded game-specific differences and characteristics. This research addresses this gap by building on a multi-level framework and utilizing a case study approach to increase understanding of why women in leadership positions (employed staff) are underrepresented in the sport of football (soccer) in two Nordic countries, Finland and Norway. The findings show that regardless of the general good state of gender equality in the Nordic countries and even if major barriers have been removed, women aiming for leadership positions face structural and cultural bottlenecks that hinder their possibilities in Nordic football. In addition, this article identifies factors that have improved gender equality in case organizations and suggests new means to address inequality.

Scope 3 Emissions: Measurement and Management

Given that climate change is one of the biggest risks facing the real economy as well as the financial industry, there is an urgent need to measure and manage this risk. One way to measure this risk is the carbon exposure of products and their corresponding supply chains. While the process of measuring and managing Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions is well established, the same cannot be said of Scope 3 emissions. This article first provides an overview of frameworks for measuring and managing Scope 3 emissions in an ideal world, where product-level marginal emission factors are known with certainty. It then lays out the issues surrounding the measurement and management of uncertain Scope 3 emissions. It also discusses the progress made so far on these issues, provides recommendations, and lays out a research agenda for future work.

Evaluating patient risk factors associated with low rates of breast cancer clinical trial accrual.

e18547 Background: In an ideal world, the populations studied in cancer clinical trials (CCT) would be representative of the patients seen in clinic. Unfortunately, significant disparities exist in trial enrollment. Patients who are white, male, insured, or of high socioeconomic status (SES) are overrepresented in NCI-sponsored CCT. Despite data indicating equal willingness for participation in CCT across all racial groups, lack of access, cultural barriers, and social determinants of health contribute to poor accrual rates among racial and ethnic minority patients. The Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center (DLDCCC) notably provides equal access to breast CCT at Smith Clinic (SC) within the Harris Health system and Baylor St. Luke’s Medical Center (BSLMC). The patient populations differ greatly at these two sites, with BSLMC serving > 95% insured, largely Caucasian patients, and SC serving 60% uninsured, mostly low SES patients, with > 80% racial and ethnic minorities. Despite equal access, patients at SC have a significantly higher CCT refusal rate. This retrospective cohort study aims to identify predictors of CCT refusal. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of new patients seen at DLDCCC dating from 5/2015 to 9/2021, which included 3043 patients screened for breast CCT. 366 patients were found to be eligible for CCT. Some patients were eligible for multiple CCT, so there were 431 total offers of CCT. We performed logistic regression to evaluate whether differences in age, clinic, race, trial type, and primary language may be underlying the observed differences in CCT enrollment rates. Results: In the BSLMC cohort, 61% (116/204) of eligible patients enrolled in a CCT, while in the SC cohort only 39% (74/227) of eligible patients elected to enroll in CCT. This difference was significant on univariate but not multivariate analysis. There were significant differences when comparing race and trial type in the overall patient set. On univariate analysis, SC patients, African American (AA) patients, Hispanic/Latino patients, and Spanish speaking patients were significantly more likely to decline CCT participation. However, on multivariate analysis, only the AA patient category was associated with enrollment refusal (odds ratio 0.261, 95% CI 0.116-0.563, p < 0.001). On both univariate and multivariate analyses, patients were significantly more likely to accept biobanking trials (multivariate: odds ratio 12.799, 95% CI 3.777-61.403, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Based on these findings, it is likely an oversimplification to assume that equal access will lead to a complete elimination of CCT disparities. Our AA patients were significantly less likely to agree to participate in clinical trials, challenging the commonly held view that lack of access is a major barrier. We are exploring interventions designed to improve our AA patient population’s views of trial enrollment.

A Comparative Analysis of a Game Browsing Website using IGDB Database

Video gamers are an oversized and growing a part of our culture for a protracted time. whether or not you're thirstily awaiting successive decision of Duty unleash or attempting to beat successive level of Candy Crush on your lunch break, you're a part of the play world. Over the years this world has had to alter loads of stereotypes and false claims. one among the foremost damaging of those claims is that the media blaming violence and different crimes on the influence of games. a company, called Qutee, is seeking to try and do away with a number of these stereotypes by giving a voice to a bunch people that are principally silent through the years. Qutee may be a data-led discussion platform that's giving the gamers a voice and asking them for his or her opinions on the influence that games have had on their lives and therefore the answers can presumably surprise you. Around common fraction of gamers claim that they need met up to 5 friends whereas enjoying games and another thirty seventh say they need created even additional. As a 38-year-old gamer, I actually have created over a number of friendships through play. enjoying a game provides an honest icebreaker, basis, and the simplest way to pay time along. It’s solely natural that it'd result in sturdy friendships. The voice of gamers goes to play a giant role within the future as play culture continues to develop and grow. It’s time we tend to be started taking note of the those who truly play these games instead of those who simply wish somebody in charge for the violence they see on the news. play isn't an ideal world. There square measure flaws like play addiction that require to be self-addressed. except for the foremost half, it looks that play contains a positive impact and will be treated in and of itself.

Sex Recession Phenomenon from the Perspective Maqashid Sharia Based on Objectives Marriage Law in Indonesia

The sex recession is an implementation of worries about household responsibilities. Marriage, which is supposed to be a requirement for the legality of sexual relations, has experienced a shift. Marriage is no longer considered an appropriate institution with a modern lifestyle in several not Muslim-majority countries. The objective of this research is to offer solutions to the problem of a sexual recession that some of the world's most developed countries are currently facing. This type of research is empirical-normative research. The data is sourced from official news reports and reputable journals that reveal the sex recession in developed countries, such as the United States, England, Australia, and Asian countries such as Japan, South Korea, Singapore, and China. Research is being conducted using a phenomenological approach, a conceptual approach, and a philosophical approach. The result of this research are the epistemology of marriage in Islamic law is a solution to overcome the sex recession during the Covid-19 pandemic. In an ideal world, the phenomena of sex recession may be handled by adopting Islamic law's epistemology in terms of marriage. Even Indonesian marriage law can dispel sex recession by building awareness and understanding of the nature of marriage (maqasid marriage), which is systemically capable of maintaining and maintaining offspring, self-respect, and religion.

Vive la révolution animal! Using storytelling to explore prefigurative practices in consumer activism

ABSTRACT This paper discusses how a consumer social movement employs prefigurative practices to resist a dominant market logic and drive market changes in the here and now. We based our research on one year of ethnographic fieldwork with vegetarian and animal welfare activists embedded in a cultural milieu that predominantly supports the consumption of animal products. We used the storytelling method for the description and data analysis. Our findings reveal that activists challenge the market logic of animal abuse in three ways. First, they work to revolutionise the so-called meat culture. Second, they pro-actively demand laws that protect animal rights. Third, they establish singular modes of community-based exchange that detach themselves from the doxa of the consumption of animal products. By opposing the mainstream culture, the mainstream policy and the mainstream marketplace, these activists develop influential arenas of consumption that resemble their ideal world and impact the market as a whole.

My Mother's Facelift

My Mother's Facelift

‘Measuring’ Collective Trauma: a Quantum Social Science Approach

In the twenty-first century the world faces the stark reality that’s far from any visions of an ideal world, accompanied by an epidemic of social inequality and global injustice. Many social and global issues such as the refugee crisis, climate injustice, racism, whitism, and terrorism are rooted in serious, untreated historical traumata. These traumata have been experienced by one or more members of a family, group, or community, and may have been passed down from one generation to the next through epigenetic factors. Phenomena of collective trauma can be described more understandably through its interpretation by the quantum social science of Wendt (2016). This interpretation provides a social pathology that offers methodological recommendations (methods of treatment) for social therapy. One potential example is the collective trauma integration process (CTIP) developed by Thomas Hübl (Hübl, T. (2020). Healing Collective Trauma: a process for integrating our intergenerational and cultural wounds. Boulder: Sounds True.), which is a method to restore fragmentation by addressing and integrating individual, ancestral and collective trauma. This paper focuses on one methodological consideration for building a new culture through the integration of collective and intergenerational trauma, which is a framework based on collective trauma research in psychology, sociology, and quantum social science.

John Keats: His flight from the real and the ideal world

John Keats: His flight from the real and the ideal world

Классическая и неклассическая эпистемология пещер (часть 1)

Natural caves served as a shelter from bad weather for the early Homo and as a short-term dwelling as well as a place of worship and art for the Neoanthropus. Caves in themselves started to interest humans with the development of civilizations, when they had learned to build their own, artificial “caves”. Philosophy considers the cave either as a physically invisible landscape-symbol or as a locus objectifying the feeling of the unusual, the unnamed, and even the forbidden. The former is the object of the classical, while the latter, of the non-classical epistemology of caves. In the first part of this article, an attempt is made to “collect” the classical model, identify its paradigmatic features and characterize the analytical approach, which is basic for it. Turning to M. Heidegger’s works, the authors emphasize that prerequisites for shaping the classical epistemology of caves were formed in antiquity: it goes back to the allegory of the cave in Book VII of Plato’s Republic. Understanding the cave as the Beyond, the authors thereby define the classical epistemology of caves as a glance-from-the-Beyond. It is postulated that the speculative Platonic cave puts forward as the fundamental concept of the classical model “the light of the unhidden”, which is interpreted as the reality of aletheia, or idea, and opposed to the trifling reality of shadows. Aletheia is accessible only to the correct vision, since vision directed at shadows is blindness. As a result of transitions of the cognizer to the outside light, the cave ceases to be the Beyond, for the light turns out to be the limit of cognition. This allows us to consider the cataphatic approach as the basic one for the classical epistemology of caves. It is associated with the speculative sciences, primarily with mathematics. The authors of this article believe that the key dimension of the classical model is the spelestological one. It states the inevitability of the cognizer’s return from the ideal world to the projective physical world due to the gravitational influence of paideia. In this way, the classical epistemology of caves gives rise to the non-classical model, with its dominant speleological dimension.

Attitudes towards priority setting in the Norwegian health care system: a general population survey

BackgroundIn an ideal world, everyone would receive medical resources in accordance with their needs. In reality, resources are often scarce and have an alternative use. Thus, we are forced to prioritize. Although Norway is one of the leading countries in normative priority setting work, few descriptive studies have been conducted in the country. To increase legitimacy in priority setting, knowledge about laypeople’s attitudes is central. The aim of the study is therefore to assess the general population’s attitudes towards a broad spectrum of issues pertinent to priority setting in the Norwegian publicly financed health care system.MethodsWe developed an electronic questionnaire that was distributed to a representative sample of 2 540 Norwegians regarding their attitudes towards priority setting in Norway. A total of 1 035 responded (response rate 40.7%). Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression.ResultsA majority (73.0%) of respondents preferred increased funding of publicly financed health services at the expense of other sectors in society. Moreover, a larger share of the respondents suggested either increased taxes (37.0%) or drawing from the Government Pension Fund Global (31.0%) as sources of funding. However, the respondents were divided on whether it was acceptable to say “no” to new cancer drugs when the effect is low and the price is high: 38.6% somewhat or fully disagreed that this was acceptable, while 46.5% somewhat or fully agreed. Lastly, 84.0% of the respondents did not find it acceptable that the Norwegian municipalities have different standards for providing care services.ConclusionAlthough the survey suggests support for priority setting among Norwegian laypeople, it has also revealed that a significant minority are reluctant to accept it.

Why Using Biological Control Approaches Against Sugar Beet Aphid Pests Will Not Control Virus Yellows – a Post-script

As an advocate of natural pest control wherever possible, the author has no quarrel with Professor Loxdale?s appeal for research funders to consider enhancing the resources already available in the natural environment. In an ideal world, this would be the most acceptable method for producing healthy crops for our benefit, not to mention encouraging biodiversity within the landscape. However, in the real world, a more pragmatic approach is sometimes required to avoid catastrophic yield losses, such as those which occurred in sugar beet in the mid 1970s, and most recently in 2020, when it was estimated that 25% of sugar beet yields were lost to the aphid-transmitted yellowing viruses that infected 38% of the national sugar beet crop. Controlling up to 50 % of aphids by parasitoids or other natural enemies, whilst commendable in a situation where aphids might cause significant yield loss by direct-feeding, is certainly not sufficient to prevent widespread virus infection within crops, simply because it does not take many aphids to spread viruses. The threshold for aphid control using insecticide sprays in sugar beet in the UK is, and has been for decades, one green wingless aphid per four plants. This level of infection is actually quite difficult for a human to detect to make the judgement to use a spray or not, and it is a population level that does not attract many parasitoids or predators, even though they are better at finding them than we humans. But that threshold is necessary to help reduce the spread of the yield-reducing viruses and protect the yield of sugar beet.

X + y: A Mathematician’s Manifesto for Rethinking Gender

x + y: A Mathematician’s Manifesto for Rethinking Gender