Ideal Working Conditions Research Articles

Polar Research and Supply Vessel POLARSTERN Operated by the Alfred-Wegener-Institute

POLARSTERN, operated by the Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, is an ice going research and supply vessel. The main operation areas are the ice-covered seas of the northern and southern polar regions. The ship provides ideal working conditions for almost all compartments of marine sciences, atmospheric and glaciological research. It can break ice up to 2m continuously and can operate up to 90 days at sea. POLARSTERN is therefore ideally suited for often long expeditions to remote Polar Regions. POLARSTERN regularly supplies the Antarctic research stations, especially the Neumayer Station III and the Kohnen Station (Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2016a). In the last 30 years POLARSTERN was in average 310 days per year at sea, she is the major research tool of the German polar research programme.

Hydraulic modeling and experimental study of three heat sources and three rings heating networks

For the further research on the hydraulic characteristics of multi-source and multi-ring heating network polycyclic, this paper based on the fluid network analysis, the hydraulic intersection user virtual segmentation, at the ends of common pipe set virtual users or virtual heat source modeling method, the hydraulic simulation model of three heat sources and three rings of a heating pipe network is established by using MATLAB platform. Based on the experimental platform of the multi-source heat supply network, the three heat sources and rings ideal working conditions and the variation of the two working conditions are simulated and experimentally studied. The results show that under the 3 different conditions, the maximum absolute value of relative error of simulation data and the experimental data were 1.30%, 1.26% and 1.09%, to verify the validity of the simulation method proposed in this paper and the simulation model and the accuracy of.

Expanding test and normalization for HIV/AIDS prevention and control

Expanding real-name HIV test is the basis of the real-time reporting system in China, and it plays an important role for the progress. In year of 2003, there were 45 092 cases of HIV positives reported cumulatively, which accounted for only 5.4% of the estimated population of HIV positives. Since implementation of real-name HIV test and establishment, real-time reporting system, up to year 2005, the total of reported HIV positives was 577 000, which took up 67.9% of the estimated HIV positives. Also among reported cases, 387 000 cases have received the anti-retroviral treatment. Normalization of HIV prevention and control will pave the way to medical insurance for HIV positives. It is a goal that all the people have medical insurance in China, and the normalization is an ideal working condition, and real-name HIV test is a measure for it. The both are very closely connected and improving each anther.

Current perceptions of the term Clinical Pharmacy and its relationship to Pharmaceutical Care: a survey of members of the European Society of Clinical Pharmacy.

Background The definitions that are being used for the terms 'clinical pharmacy' and 'pharmaceutical care' seem to have a certain overlap. Responsibility for therapy outcomes seems to be especially linked to the latter term. Both terms need clarification before a proper definition of clinical pharmacy can be drafted. Objective To identify current disagreements regarding the term 'Clinical Pharmacy' and its relationship to 'Pharmaceutical Care' and to assess to which extent pharmacists with an interest in Clinical Pharmacy are willing to accept responsibility for drug therapy outcomes. Setting The membership of the European Society of Clinical Pharmacy. Methods A total of 1,285 individuals affiliated with the European Society of Clinical Pharmacy were invited by email to participate in an online survey asking participants to state whether certain professional activities, providers, settings, aims and general descriptors constituted (a) 'Clinical Pharmacy only', (b) 'Pharmaceutical Care only', (c) 'both' or (d) 'neither'. Further questions examined pharmacists' willingness to accept ethical or legal responsibility for drug therapy outcomes, under current and ideal working conditions. Main outcome measures Level of agreement with a number of statements. Results There was disagreement (<80% agreement among all participants) regarding 'Clinical Pharmacy' activities, whether non-pharmacists could provide 'Clinical Pharmacy' services, and whether such services could be provided in non-hospital settings. There was disagreement (<80% agreement among those linking items to Clinical Pharmacy) as to whether Pharmaceutical care also encompassed certain professional activities, constituted a scientific discipline and targeted cost effectiveness. The proportions of participants willing to accept legal responsibility under current/ideal working conditions were: safety (32.7%/64.3%), effectiveness (17.9%/49.2%), patient-centeredness (17.1%/46.2%), cost-effectiveness (20.3%/44.0%). Conclusions The survey identified key disagreements around the term 'Clinical Pharmacy' and its relationship to 'Pharmaceutical Care', which future discussions around a harmonised definition of 'Clinical Pharmacy' should aim to resolve. Further research is required to understand barriers and facilitators to pharmacists accepting responsibility for drug therapy outcomes.

Robust adaptive observer for nonlinear time-delay systems with disturbances and uncertainties

A method of designing robust adaptive observer for nonlinear continuous-time systems with time-delays is presented. It is assumed that the nonlinear functions of the system satisfy Lipschitz condition. The observer is derived considering plant disturbances, structured parameter uncertainties and unknown parameters. Like any other adaptive observer for nonlinear systems with ideal working conditions, it also simultaneously estimates both the states and unknown parameters. This property is very much useful for many applications like fault diagnosis. The convergence of the state errors and estimated unknown parameters are analysed by H∞-control. The sufficient conditions for the existence of the observer are determined and expressed in linear matrix inequality form. With the help of a numerical example, the effectiveness of the proposed observer is demonstrated.

Effect of width-to-thickness ratio and thickness profile changing on the critical instable shape during cold strip rolling

Based on the volume constancy with equal flow-per-second and elastic sheet stability theory, a coupling relationship among lateral thickness difference, width-to-thickness ratio of cold rolling strip steel under ideal and actual working conditions, and shape is concluded according to the comprehensive influence principle of various factors on the critical instable shape analyzed in-depth. Firstly, the influence model under actual working condition is developed by referring to the basic relationship between lateral thickness difference and shape under ideal condition. The test results prove that for thin strips with thickness below 0.3 mm, their lateral thickness differences have significant effect on the shape. After then, the combined influence of lateral thickness difference and width-to-thickness ratio on the critical instable shape is concluded according to the elastic sheet stability model, with the synthetic effect of these three factors analyzed. Test data indicate that for cold rolling strip steel with width-to-thickness ratio above 3 000, the critical instability stress difference decreases significantly. Actual measurements are conducted on the lateral thickness differences of two rolls of typical strip manufactured by a sixhigh cold mill, with the influence law of lateral thickness variation and width-to-thickness ratio comprehensively investigated. It is demonstrated that during the production of ultrathin strip steel with different width-to-thickness ratios, the loading roll shapes should be fine adjusted according to the lateral thickness difference of input strips. Therefore, the variation of lateral thickness difference of output strips can meet the requirement of shape stability, so as to obtain fine shape.

Sequoia: A High-Endurance NVM-Based Cache Architecture

Emerging nonvolatile memory technologies, such as spin-transfer torque RAM or resistive RAM, can increase the capacity of the last-level cache (LLC) in a latency and power-efficient manner. These technologies endure $10^{9}$ – $10^{12}$ writes per cell, making a nonvolatile cache (NV-cache) with a lifetime of dozens of years under ideal working conditions. However, nonuniformity in writes to different cache lines considerably reduces the NV-cache lifetime to a few months. Writes to cache lines can be made uniformly by wear-leveling. A suitable wear-leveling for NV-cache should not incur high storage and performance overheads. We propose a novel, simple, and effective wear-leveling technique with negligible performance overhead of $13\times $ for different cache configurations.

Fluid-Solid Coupling Heat Analysis of Aerostatic Guide Components

This paper presents the parameters and assumptions of the hydrostatic guide rail in both ideal and actual working conditions, the simulate calculation of fluid-solid heat coupling field between gas film and the bearing surface is finished by Fluent based on finite volume method. By analyze and compare the results after post-treatment, we gain the effects caused by guide way’s structure and deformation on the formation of film pressure field, temperature field inside gas film, besides this paper also provides relate conclusions.

Reduction Kinetics of Uranium Trioxide to Uranium Dioxide Using Hydrogen

This article presents a study on the kinetics of the uranium conversion process, consisting in the reduction of uranium trioxide to uranium dioxide using hydrogen gas at temperatures of 500°C, 600°C and 700°C. Hydrogen concentrations used in the flow were 0.25 M, 0.50 M and 0.75 M. The mechanism established for the study of the kinetics of reduction of uranium trioxide was through the formation of an intermediate compound, U3O8. For this reason, these tests were divided into 2 stages: the first one the reduction from UO3 to U3O8, and second one from U3O8 to UO2. The results of each test were quantified by the release of H2O(g) produced by both reactions. Tests showed that the ideal working conditions are for hydrogen concentration flows of 0.75 M and temperatures in the range of 500°C - 600°C, with the intent to decrease the occurrence of side reactions that interfere with the process.

Exergy analysis of a 100 KW&lt;SUB align="right"&gt;p multi-crystalline solar photovoltaic array system in a tropical Savanna climate in India

Exergy analysis acts as an efficient assessment tool for determining the true performance or efficiency of the system close to its ideal working condition. It thus becomes essential to know the maximum amount of useful work for an operating system by applying the above rational analysis. Hence an exergy analysis is performed on the multi-crystalline photovoltaic array which forms the source of power generation of 100 KWp plant at NIT Tiruchirappalli. The exergy, energy and power conversion efficiencies are calculated and compared for all working days of the plant from 9.00 a.m. to 5.00 p.m. for the duration from September 2013 to December 2013. In addition a single diode solar photovoltaic model was developed in MATLAB by which a comparison of actual and simulated energy efficiency was also made. The effect of DC power output over the exergy efficiency for the operating period is also discussed and concluding its impact over one another.

La Historia Moderna de las Emociones: un Centro de Investigación en Berlín

In January 2008 a new research center was inaugurated at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development in Berlin. Under the guiding assumption that emotions matter to and in human development, the Center for the History of Emotions set out to explore a rather new, but fast burgeoning field. The Berlin Center is in a privileged position for exploring this continent supported by the generous funding of the Max Planck Society that allows pre-and postdoctoral fellows to conduct basic research in ideal working conditions. This article analyzes the objectives, frame of research and research areas or the Center as well as its impact and its new horizons. The Berlin Center for the History of Emotions has established itself as a leading research center that closely cooperates with other scholars in history and beyond. It focuses on the modern history of emotions, mainly in Europe and South Asia. By concentrating on the history of the body, of education/cultivation and of power (both political and economic), it scrutinizes the key elements of the processes through which emotions have been historically conceptualized, framed, negotiated, and experienced.

Properties of Heat Generation in a Double Quantum Dot

We investigate the electronic-current-induced heat generation in a double quantum dot connected by two normal leads. The dots are coupled in series with a coupling strength td. It is found that, at zero temperature and weak dot-lead coupling, td affects the heating and current heavily. In particular, the effects on the heat generation and on the current are quite different. For example, at a heating valley the current can exhibit a deep valley, a plateau, or a high peak depending on td. As a result, we can find an ideal working condition, large current while small heating, for the double dots system by tuning the interdot coupling strength.

Negotiating Liveness: Technology, Economics, and the Artwork in LSO Live

In 2000, following a decade of steadily decreasing investment in classical recordings, the London Symphony Orchestra launched its own label, LSO Live. By combining live recording with an innovative business and rights management model, and aided by falling distribution costs through the development of MP3 files and the internet, the orchestra was able to offer recordings at budget prices. Yet the success of the label, which ‘even penetrated the hallowed shelves of the Sainsbury’s supermarkets chain, normally occupied only by pop CDs or crossover albums’, was the product of a carefully crafted publicity campaign. Traditionally considered second best in the record industry, live recording had to be justified by the musicians for themselves and the outer world. This article, based on interviews and observations of the LSO while recording during the 2007^8 season, examines the aesthetic discourses that came to the fore while making sense of the less than ideal working conditions. As I aim to illustrate, the conflicting expressions of classical music emerging during this period are concisely captured by Lydia Goehr’s dialectic of the ‘perfect musical performance’ and the ‘perfect performance of music’.

Capacity Limitations of Medical Services Provided by Pediatricians in Japan

The shortage of pediatricians has been identified as one of the largest social problems in Japan. This study aimed to compare the assumed ideal nighttime working conditions of pediatric hospitalists in Japan with the actual current situation. By using available data on the age-related numbers of pediatricians in Japan, we described the ideal working conditions for pediatric hospitalists in Japan. The ideal situation was then compared with the existing actual working conditions. Compared with the assumed ideal condition, current pediatric hospitalists are working in many hospitals with a few colleagues. To solve the current supply-demand mismatch on medical care for children during night, an involvement of non-pediatric physicians in the medical care of children during the night is indispensable. Also, parents in Japan need to know the limitations relating to the available capacity of pediatricians, and accept that their children can be cared for adequately by non-pediatric physicians, who have been trained to provide primary medical care to children.

Simulation and Analysis of the Anti-Sway Control of Crane Ship Based on Adams and Matlab Co-Simulation

The thesis established the virtual prototype model of the crane ship based on the software platform of Adams and designed the control program to control the virtual model based on Matlab/Simulink. In the ideal working condition for crane ship, the co-control effectively reduces the swing angles of the hoist by the control program of open-loop control.In the working condition when the ship has more substantial movements, Adams and Matlab co-simulation reduces the swing angles of the hoist by the control program of open-loop control to change the pitching angle and slewing angle of the boom.

The Drag Reduction Mechanism of Vibration Digging Shovel

In order to investigate the drag reduction mechanisms of vibration digging shovel from the kinematics and mechanical aspects, and to estimate the magnitude of its traction resistance, we performed kinematic analysis when the velocity of the digging shovel was undergoing sinusoidal changes. Based on the analysis of the relationship between vibration direction angle, ascending direction angle and the edge motion curve, we evaluated the efficacy of different mining modes and proposed the ideal working conditions. We found that when the vibration direction angle φ &lt;0 it could produce favorable cutting conditions. When the cutting direction angle θ was slightly less than or equal to the buried angle α and the ascending direction angle λ &lt;π/2, the traction resistance was the least and soil-crushing effect was enhanced. The application of the moving viscous friction resistance model of mining shovel to analyze the force, including the impact of cutting speed on vibration viscous friction, could optimize the ideal working state and deduce the horizontal traction resistance formula of cutting and ascending. This model will be conducive to the structural design of vibration digging shovel and the estimation of its traction resistance.

Quantitative error analysis for computer assisted navigation: A feasibility study

The benefit of computer-assisted navigation depends on the registration process, at which patient features are correlated to some preoperative imagery. The operator-induced uncertainty in localizing patient features-the user localization error (ULE)-is unknown and most likely dominating the application accuracy. This initial feasibility study aims at providing first data for ULE with a research navigation system. Active optical navigation was done in CT-images of a plastic skull, an anatomic specimen (both with implanted fiducials), and a volunteer with anatomical landmarks exclusively. Each object was registered ten times with 3, 5, 7, and 9 registration points. Measurements were taken at 10 (anatomic specimen and volunteer) and 11 targets (plastic skull). The active NDI Polaris system was used under ideal working conditions (tracking accuracy 0.23 mm root-mean-square, RMS; probe tip calibration was 0.18 mm RMS). Variances of tracking along the principal directions were measured as 0.18 mm(2), 0.32 mm(2), and 0.42 mm(2). ULE was calculated from predicted application accuracy with isotropic and anisotropic models and from experimental variances, respectively. The ULE was determined from the variances as 0.45 mm (plastic skull), 0.60 mm (anatomic specimen), and 4.96 mm (volunteer). The predicted application accuracy did not yield consistent values for the ULE. Quantitative data of application accuracy could be tested against prediction models with iso- and anisotropic noise models and revealed some discrepancies. This could potentially be due to the facts that navigation and one prediction model wrongly assume isotropic noise (tracking is anisotropic), while the anisotropic noise prediction model assumes an anisotropic registration strategy (registration is isotropic in typical navigation systems). The ULE data are presumably the first quantitative values for the precision of localizing anatomical landmarks and implanted fiducials. Submillimetric localization is possible for implanted screws; anatomic landmarks are not suitable for high-precision clinical navigation.

SPARSITY OF THE FIELD SIGNAL-BASED METHOD FOR IMPROVING SPATIAL RESOLUTION IN ANTENNA SENSOR ARRAY PROCESSING

The goal of array processing is to gather information from propagating radio-wave signals, as their Direction Of Arrival (DOA). The estimation of the DOA can be carried out by extracting the information of interest from the steering vector relevant to the adopted antenna sensor array. Such task can be accomplished in a number of difierent ways. However, in source estimation problems, it is essential to make use of a processing algorithm which feature not only good accuracy under ideal working conditions, but also robustness against non-idealities such as noise, limitations in the amount of collectible data, correlation between the sources, and modeling errors. In this work particular attention is devoted to spectrum estimation approaches based on sparsity. Conventional algorithms based on Beamforming fail wherein the radio sources are not within Rayleigh resolution range which is a function of the number of sensors and the dimension of the array. DOA estimation techniques such as MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classiflcations) allow having a larger spatial resolution compared to Beamforming-based procedures, but if the sources are very close and the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) level is low, the resolution turns to be low as well. A better resolution can be obtained by exploiting sparsity: if the number of sources is small, the power spectrum of the signal with respect to the location is sparse. In this way, sparsity can enhance the accuracy of the estimation. In this paper, an estimation procedure based on the sparsity of the radio signals and useful to improve the conventional MUSIC method is presented and analyzed. The sparsity level is set in order to focus the signal energy only along the actual direction of arrival. The obtained numerical results have shown an improvement of the spatial resolution as well as a reduced error in DOA estimation with respect to conventional techniques.

Designing automation for complex work environments under different levels of stress

This article examines the effectiveness of different forms of static and adaptable automation under low- and high-stress conditions. Forty participants were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions, comparing three levels of static automation (low, medium and high) and one level of adaptable automation, with the environmental stressor (noise) being varied as a within-subjects variable. Participants were trained for 4 h on a simulation of a process control environment, called AutoCAMS, followed by a 2.5-h testing session. Measures of performance, psychophysiology and subjective reactions were taken. The results showed that operators preferred higher levels of automation under noise than under quiet conditions. A number of parameters indicated negative effects of noise exposure, such as performance impairments, physiological stress reactions and higher mental workload. It also emerged that adaptable automation provided advantages over low and intermediate static automation, with regard to mental workload, effort expenditure and diagnostic performance. The article concludes that for the design of automation a wider range of operational scenarios reflecting adverse as well as ideal working conditions needs to be considered.

An Experimental Test of Low Speed Wind Turbine Concentrators

The climate of Iberia (Spain and Portugal) has adequate conditions for wind power generation during the winter and spring seasons, whereas in the summer, the low wind velocity and the moist air density reduce the possibility of energy conversion. To solve this problem, low speed wind turbines employing a wind concentrator were assessed during the last few years. In this article, a wind turbine concentrator was designed, manufactured, and tested under different moist air density and velocity conditions. Results showed that this wind turbine concentrator showed ideal working conditions during the summer time.