Ideal Form Research Articles

Artifact concreteness as imprinter in the organization design process

The fundamental purpose of design is to construct artifacts which interface inner and outer systems. Recent work in entrepreneurship makes a compelling argument that opportunities represent an artifact which interfaces inner systems of the entrepreneurial firm with outer systems of customers, markets and supplier stakeholders. In this formulation, opportunities might emerge from one of two ideal forms of design, namely experimentation or transformation. We build on such work, exploring a different artifact - the entrepreneurial organization. Adopting a design perspective, we compare the trajectories of two ventures with relatively similar starting points, but imprinted by different artifacts which encouraged the use of design approaches of experimentation in one and transformation in the other. We expose critical areas of divergence in the organizations that emerge. Imprinted by a trove of available concrete artifacts, the organization employing experimentation features dense, strongly tied networks, a more loyalty and work oriented culture and a simpler, less flexible, more incremental strategy. By contrast, the organization imprinted by penurious resources employed transformation, and features less dense, weakly tied networks, a more political, status oriented and discursive culture, and a more flexible, growth-oriented strategy. The practical implication of our work lies in the insight that through starting endowment imprint and design approach, future entrepreneurs might build features into the ultimate artifact they create - the organization itself.

Мышление и труд (читая Выготского)

<p>Lev Vygotsky connected the development of “higher forms of thinking” with labour, and claimed that this connection is “central and basic”, allowing to unfold the peculiarities of children’s thinking and the new in adolescent’s mind. Meanwhile, the concept of labour in Vygotsky’s works has not been investigated so far. This article traces the “genetic nodes that connect together the child’s thinking and practical activity” (Vygotsky), starting with “practical intelligence” and ending with labour. Thus, the development of the child’s psyche appears as its ingrowing into the process of social labour. According to Vygotsky, the speech of adults acts as an “ideal form” in dialogue with which the child’s speech develops; the same ideal form is constituted by labour. The child’s practical activity develops towards labour through the stages of playing, drawing, modelling and constructing. The article touches upon the problem of mastering affects by means of concepts, discusses the connection between the conceptual and real “fields” in human consciousness, and draws a parallel between the development of consciousness and labour.</p>

Preparation and characterization of a novel composite acellular matrix/hyaluronic acid thermosensitive hydrogel for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome.

Bladder mucosa damage that causes harm to the interstitium is a recognized pathogenesis of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). The intravesical instillation of drugs is an important second-line therapy, but it is often necessary to use drugs repeatedly in the clinic because of their short residence time in the bladder cavity, which alters the therapeutic effect. To overcome this drawback, this study developed a novel composite acellular matrix/hyaluronic acid (HA) thermosensitive hydrogel (HA-Gel) using rabbit small intestinal submucosa extracellular matrix (ECM) as the thermosensitive material and HA as the drug component and examined its composition, microstructure, thermodynamic properties, temperature sensitivity, rheological properties, biocompatibility, drug release, hydrogel residue, and bacteriostatic properties. The study showed HA-Gel was liquid at temperatures of 15-37.5°C and solid at 37.5-50°C, its swelling rate decreased with increasing temperature, and its lower critical solution temperature occurred at approximately 37.5°C. This property made the hydrogel liquid at room temperature convenient for intravesical perfusion and turned into a solid about 1 min after entering the body and rising to body temperature to increase its residence time. Subsequent experiments also proved that the gel residue time of HA-Gel in vivo and the drug release time of HA in vivo could reach more than 5 days, which was significantly higher than that of HA alone, and it had good biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. Therefore, this hydrogel possesses the proper characteristics to possibly make it an ideal dosage form for IC/BPS intravesical instillation therapy.

The critical limits of phenomenology: Husserlian phenomenology as a modest metaphysics of appearance

AbstractAlthough Husserlian phenomenology appears to require that practitioners bracket all metaphysical questions and claims, this requirement runs against the evidence of experience in which objects themselves are presented as constituents of experience. Moreover, to completely bracket metaphysical considerations would suggest that phenomenology is compatible with metaphysical views it should in principle deny. Nonetheless, permitting metaphysical claims threatens to contravene the critical limits of phenomenology, to invite claims that would require a perspective different in kind than our own to verify. These tensions raise an important question, namely, what are the metaphysical implications of the phenomenologically intuitive claim that objects themselves are constituents of experience? To answer this question, I draw on a broad swath of thought on transcendental idealism and phenomenology. I argue that a modest metaphysics of appearance is warranted within the critical limits of Husserlian phenomenology. Through discussing and addressing the problems that typically plague transcendental arguments, I show that Husserlian phenomenology permits stronger claims about objects of experience than deflationary accounts allow but does not permit claims about intrinsic properties allowed by some forms of transcendental idealism.

Superoxide dismutase 2 scavenges ROS to promote osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells by regulating Smad3 in alveolar bone-defective rats.

Osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) is an essential event in alveolar bone regeneration. Oxidative stress may be the main inhibiting factor of hPDLSC osteogenesis. Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) is a key antioxidant enzyme, but its effect on hPDLSC osteogenic differentiation is unclear. Several surface markers were detected by flow cytometry, and the differentiation potential of hPDLSCs was validated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alizarin Red S, and Oil Red O staining. Osteogenic indicators of hPDLSCs were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blotting, and ALP staining. Furthermore, alveolar bone defect rat models were analyzed through micro-CT, hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson staining. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was evaluated by a ROS assay kit. Finally, the expression of SOD2, Smad3, and p-Smad3 in hPDLSCs was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blotting (WB). SOD2 positively regulated the gene and protein expressions of ALP, BMP6, and RUNX2 in hPDLSCs (p<0.05). Ideal bone formation and continuous cortical bone were obtained by transplanting LV-SOD2 hPDLSCs (lentivirus vector for overexpressing SOD2 in hPDLSCs) in vivo. Exogenous H2O2 downregulated osteogenic indicators (ALP, BMP6, RUNX2) in hPDLSCs (p<0.05); this was reversed by overexpression of SOD2. WB results showed that the Smad3 and p-Smad3 signaling pathways participated in the osteogenic process of SOD2 in hPDLSCs. SOD2 positively regulated hPDLSC osteogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, SOD2 promotes hPDLSC osteogenic differentiation by regulating the phosphorylation of Smad3 to scavenge ROS. This work provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of alveolar bone regeneration.

The potential of the height-to-width ratio as an indicator to characterize the ventilation performance of a canyon in the urban context

The height-to-width ratio (H/W) of canyons has been proven to be a significant indicator related to ventilation performance (airflow status and ventilation efficiency), which can help designers assess urban ventilation performance and guide the design quickly. However, previous research focused on the canyons in ideal geometric settings rather than in the urban context. This study explores whether the relationships between H/W, airflow status, and ventilation efficiency of ideal form studies apply to canyons in the urban context. Firstly, the relationship between the three in ideal geometric settings is sorted out by literature reviews. Then, the validity of the findings of ideal form studies in in the urban context is verified, using a typical residential area, Nanjing, China, as a case. This study found that H/W can affect the ventilation performance to a certain extent in in the urban context. However, most canyons’ airflows are affected by complex environmental factors, turning into different flow types (Deviation Type, Crossing Type, and Multivortex Type), which reduces the correlation between H/W, airflow status, and ventilation efficiency of canyons in the urban context.

Графодеривация как способ образования окказиональных инноваций в газетном и рекламном дискурсах

This article is devoted to the description of occasional word formation in the language of the modern press and advertising on the example of recent innovations formed with the help of graphic derivation as well as highlighting a popular set of word-formation techniques that are part of the specified word-formation method, which is used by journalists and advertisers to create a language game.&#x0D; The object of our study was occasional graphic innovations formed with the help of different types of graphic derivation.&#x0D; Graph derivatives are registered in certain contextual conditions and are not widely used, therefore most of them are occasional, non-codified, invariant, they lack an ideal generalized form. The active formation of new models of graphic derivatives indicates a certain productivity of this class of nominative-expressive units in the modern Russian language.&#x0D; The usage of graph derivatives in newspaper discourse and advertising makes possible to double the meaning of newspaper and advertising texts, increasing their capacity.&#x0D; Among the methods of graphic derivation, a significant role is played by the creation of occasionalisms with a graphically marked segment, various paragraphemic elements (single quotation marks, parentheses (brackets), punctuation marks, strikethroughs, money symbols, etc.).&#x0D; The use of occasional words formed as a result of graphic derivation in newspaper headlines, texts, slogans gives the texts a playful beginning, draws the attention of readers to various key Russian and foreign socio-political events, as well as to the advertised goods.&#x0D; Collected and analyzed material can be useful in Russian language classes in the study of word formation in both Russian and foreign audiences, as well as in some master's and postgraduate courses.

Comparison of the feeding habits of breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding mothers and the sociodemographic factors influencing breastfeeding

Breastfeeding is the most ideal form of infant feeding, the biological norm that affects the mother's nutrition as well as certain sociodemographic factors. The aim of this research is to compare the nutritional habits of breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding mothers during the postpartum period, and to further examine the correlations of sociodemographic factors with breast milk feeding. Our quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted between 26. 03. 2021 and 18. 07. 2021. During the non-random, targeted, expert sample selection, the target group included those biological mothers who raised at least one child born alive after the 37th gestational week in their own care. Exclusion criteria included adoption, pregnancy with the first child, inadequate completion of the mandatory questions, and reports of a congenital and/or acquired physical or mental illness that makes breastfeeding impossible. 2008 people met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The survey was carried out anonymously via a self-filled questionnaire online. The statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS 25 program, the significance level was determined at p<0.05. There was a significant difference between the group of breastfeeding mothers and non-breastfeeding mothers in terms of age (p<0.001), place of residence (p<0.001), marital status (p<0.001), education (p<0.001), income status (p<0.001), the number of children (p = 0.005), the method of delivery (p = 0.018), how many children completed the questionnaire (p = 0.021). Varied nutrition was characteristic in a significantly higher proportion during the postpartum period among breastfeeding mothers (p = 0.006). There was a relationship between the two groups in terms of energy intake (p = 0.002) and daily vitamin/mineral/trace element intake (p = 0.044). During the period of childbirth, breastfeeding mothers pay more attention to their nutrition than non-breastfeeding mothers. Breastfeeding can be significantly influenced by certain sociodemographic factors. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(43): 1693-1700.

TIPOLOGI BADAN PERMUSYAWARATAN DESA RESPONSIF DALAM PEMBENTUKAN PERATURAN DESA YANG BERBASIS PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT

The research reviews the problem of the Village Consultative Body accommodating community participation in forming Village Regulations and the ideal form of its typology that is responsive and based on community participation. The unresponsive Village Consultative Body impacts the making of Village Regulations that are non-participatory and executive-oriented. Village communities need more enthusiasm for participation. The research aims to create a standardized village community participation instrument aimed at the Village Consultative Body to create a responsive typology. The instrument becomes a reference for the Village Governing Body in accommodating village community participation in forming Village Regulations. This research is empirical with locations: (i) Kragilan Village, Mojolaban District, Sukoharjo Regency; (ii) Alastuwo Village, Kebakkramat District, Karanganyar Regency; (iii) Sojiwan Village, Ceper District, Klaten Regency; and (iv) Sawahan Village, Ngemplak District, Boyolali Regency. Data were obtained from Focus Group Discussions with qualitative analysis. The results of the research on the problems of the Village Consultative Body in accommodating community participation in the formation of Village Regulations include the need for more participation instruments, the low enthusiasm of the village community, and the less-than-optimal legislative aspects of the Village Consultative Body. The ideal form of a responsive Village Consultative Body typology in making Village Regulations based on community participation includes community participation through a partnership pattern between the Village Government and the Village community, establishing a Village Information Center, and optimizing the roles and functions of the Village Consultative Body.

Development of a multi-level family planning intervention for couples in rural Uganda: key findings & adaptations made from community engaged research methods

BackgroundUganda has among the highest fertility rates in the world and multi-level barriers contribute to the low contraceptive use.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to develop a culturally and socially relevant, community-based intervention to increase contraceptive use among couples in rural Uganda through community-engaged research methods. This study reports on the community-engaged research that informed the intervention’s content and structure and the final content of the intervention; the evaluation of the pilot intervention will be reported upon completion.MethodsAn intervention steering committee of community stakeholders reviewed the initially proposed intervention content and approach. Four (4) gender-segregated focus groups were conducted with twenty-six (26) men and women who had an unmet need for family planning. Fifteen key-informant interviews were conducted with community leaders and family planning stakeholders. Finally, the 4-session intervention was pilot tested with a cohort of couples (N = 7) similar in demographics to the target sample of the future pilot intervention trial. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically.ResultsFindings included the identification of community beliefs to reshape in order to increase family planning acceptance, as well as strategies to engage men, acceptable approaches for community leader involvement in the intervention to endorse family planning, and methods for managing gender dynamics and minimizing risk of unintended negative consequences of participation. The findings were used to inform the ideal structure and format of the intervention, including the distribution of contraceptives directly during group sessions, and identified the need to strengthen health worker capacity to provide Long-Acting Reversable Contraceptives (LARCs) as part of the intervention.ConclusionsThese findings were used to refine an intervention before a larger scale pilot test of its feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy. They can inform other multi-level family planning interventions in similar settings and the methods can be adopted by others to increase the feasibility, acceptability, and cultural relevance of interventions.

James Sully’s psychological reduction of philosophical pessimism

One of the greatest philosophical disputes in Germany in the latter half of the nineteenth century concerned the value of life. Following Arthur Schopenhauer, numerous philosophers sought to defend the provocative view that life is not worth living. A persistent objection to pessimism is that it is not really a philosophical theory at all, but rather a psychological state; a mood or disposition which is the product of socio-economic circumstance. A developed and influential version of this view was advanced in the 1870s by the English psychologist James Sully. Yet, as important as Sully's critique was for the pessimism dispute, it has been almost entirely overlooked in the history of philosophy. With some growing recent attention to nineteenth-century pessimism, this paper aims to reconstruct Sully's view, and what I argue is his primary argument for it in terms of the best explanation for an alleged historical correlation between pessimistic belief and social hardship in the form of frustrated ideals. The paper then presents and analyses some challenges to this argument, some of which are argued to have been at least partially anticipated in the nineteenth-century by the likes of Schopenhauer and Olga Plümacher.

Occlusal Characteristics of The Primary Dentition in Salah Al-Din City

Occlusal characteristics that are found in the primary dentition have a substantial role in the occlusal characteristics which will appear in permanent dentition. Consequently, a good background of Occlusal characteristics in children is substantial for dental practitioners. Use an observational, cross-sectional study on selected children randomly in Salah Al-Din to define the occlusal characteristics of primary dentition in the group of Salah Al-Din's children. Objective: Collecting more data and information about the occlusal characteristics of primary dentition in a group of Salah Al-Din's children. Methods: In randomly form selected 413 children between 3 and 6 years old from Salah Al-Din governorate as the sample. Under natural daylight or room light, the examination was done on all children to observe needed characteristics with the inclusion criteria. Prevalence of different types of terminal plane, primary canine relationship, anterior and posterior crossbite overjet, overbite, and primate spaces of the primary dentition were estimated. In the terminal plane we see that the flush terminal plane is the most prevalent type (63.20%). In a primary canine relationship, Class I was the most common type (80.39%). The ideal form of overjet was most common (88.86%). The most common form of overbite was the normal overbite (82.32%). Anterior and posterior have low prevalent (3.63%,1.94% respectively). Observed that primate space was present in 71.19% of the upper arch, and 60.05% is the ratio of mandible space. Conclusion: Most of the sample has desirable occlusal characteristics such as Flush terminal plane, Class 1 canine relationship, normal overjet etc., and undesirable occlusal characteristics have low prevalence as anterior open bite, reverse overjet..etc.

Feminist Interpretation and the Struggle for Women's Rights in Public Space

Issues regarding gender never end, such as leadership issues and the role of women in the public sphere. Some interpretations of the Qur'an show views that do not fully recognize the human dignity of women. The push to reinterpret verses relating to gender to realize gender justice was carried out by Muslim intellectuals with feminist views. Among them, Amina Wadud Muhsin was challenged to fight for the reinterpretation of this problem using the hermeneutic method. The research was carried out by collecting library data, especially Amina Wadud's thoughts on feminist interpretation. Amina Wadud interprets the leadership and polygamy verses to mean that the concept and role of leadership in Islam are not limited to a particular gender. Polygamy is not an ideal form of marriage because it does not allow for the creation of a mutualistic relationship. The methodology used by Wadud critically considers the socio-historical context in which the verses of the Koran were revealed and provides space for a feminist perspective to fight for women's rights.

Motivasi Pengambilan Keputusan Generasi Milenial dalam Memilih Pekerjaan Kreatif di Kota Padang

Popular culture leads to the creation of culture that is produced and presented in large quantities with the help of production, distribution and mass access technologies so that it is easily accessible to the public. This research aims to answer the motivation of the millennial generation in choosing creative jobs and explain that these jobs are a sign of the existence of popular culture in the city of Padang. This research uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach with snowball sampling. Data was collected through literature study, observation, interviews and documentation. Theresearch results illustrate the motivation of the millennial generation in choosing creative work in the form of ideals, talents and means of self-development. In a broader scope there is economic motivation and opportunities to develop in the future with the work they are involved in. Their behavior that prioritizes balance between work and doing other things outside of work (work-life balance), being a role model and reflection, and maintaining popularity is the behavior that gives birth to and maintains popular culture.

Implementation of Restorative Justice in the Legal Area of the State Attorney of Banjar Regency South Kalimantan

Restorative Justice is a criminal settlement that emphasizes justice and creates a balance between the rights of victims and perpetrators. The prosecution has a role to play as the main active element in conducting and creating a result that can resolve a crime and fulfil justice for the victim. This study examines how the enforcement and obstacles and barriers in the implementation of restorative justice as well as the ideal form of the application of restaurative justice in the territory of the State Prosecutor's Office of Banjar Regency Kalimantan South Province.

A step-by-step technique to create an ideal color match, form, and surface texture to all-ceramic restorations.

Although the presence of a chairside CAD/CAM system in the dental office saves time and cost, it deprives the dentist from the dental technologist' skills and experience. The dentist now has to gain and acquire knowledge and skills about how to finish, characterize, stain, and glaze ceramic restorations. The main objectives of this article is to teach novel and reproducible techniques for surface color, texture, glaze and polish for either the chairside or laboratory fabricated indirect ceramic restoration. A protocol for intraoral characterization of monolithic ceramics; the "Triple R" protocol for tooth color mimicking was followed. It consist of three steps: (1) "Recognize" tooth color shapes, (2) "Record" the present color shapes in the patient dentition by drawing a color map for the color shapes extension and determine which luster paste stain to be used for replicating them, and (3) "Replicate" intraorally the recorded color shapes guided by the adjacent natural teeth using low fusing ceramic pastes (shades and stains) for color shape replication. Also, the final touch technique was followed to shape, texture and final surface finish of dental restorations. It is composed of 5 basic levels which we call dental "micro-esthetics that define shape, texture, and surface luster. Following the steps of both; the "Triple R" protocol and the "FINAL TOUCH" technique will help to reproduce the final shade of the restoration to create the illusion of a natural tooth to the observer. This article shows how combining two practical methodologies to record and replicate both color shapes and surface texture of natural teeth may extend mimicking, that is, step by step natural tooth shade beyond the limitations of the available commercial shade guides.

Disease Diagnosis with Chemosensing, Artificial Intelligence, and Prospective Contributions of Nanoarchitectonics

In modern materials research, nanotechnology will play a game-changing role, with nanoarchitectonics as an overarching integrator of the field and artificial intelligence hastening its progress as a super-accelerator. We would like to discuss how this schema can be utilized in the context of specific applications, with exemplification using disease diagnosis. In this paper, we focus on early, noninvasive disease diagnosis as a target application. In particular, recent trends in chemosensing in the detection of cancer and Parkinson’s disease are reviewed. The concept has been gaining traction as dynamic volatile metabolite profiles have been increasingly associated with disease onset, making them promising diagnostic tools in early stages of disease. We also discuss advances in nanoarchitectonic chemosensors, which are theoretically ideal form factors for diagnostic chemosensing devices. Last but not least, we shine the spotlight on the rise to prominence and emergent contributions of artificial intelligence (AI) in recent works, which have elucidated a strong synergy between chemosensing and AI. The powerful combination of nanoarchitectonic chemosensors and AI could challenge our current notions of disease diagnosis. Disease diagnosis and detection of emerging viruses are important challenges facing society. The parallel development of advanced functional materials for sensing is necessary to support and enable AI methodologies in making technological leaps in applications. The material and structural formative technologies of nanoarchitectonics are critical in meeting these challenges.

Virtual wildlife tourism: an ideal form of ecotourism?

ABSTRACT Wildlife populations are plummeting worldwide and captivity, of at least some, species is increasingly being challenged from an ethical perspective. When captivity serves human entertainment, poor treatment as well as unequal power-relationships are problematic. Particularly for wildlife ecotourism then, we ask: is the future virtual? Taking a posthumanist approach, this conceptual manuscript considers whether presenting technologically created images to tourists can equitably foreground non-human rights, welfare, and agency. We highlight examples of tourism involving wildlife in virtual settings to explore possible advantages and disadvantages of this type of experience for human and non-human stakeholders. This enables us to explore how the virtual experience fits with the concept of ecotourism. The argument is made that the ideals of wildlife ecotourism can best, and perhaps only, be met virtually – but only if we use images of non-human animals who are represented with dignity and respect.

Benchmarking Whole Knowledge Graph Embedding Techniques

Knowledge Graphs (KGs) are gaining popularity and are being widely used in a plethora of applications. They owe their popularity to the fact that KGs are an ideal form to integrate and retrieve data originating from various sources. Using KGs as input for Machine Learning (ML) tasks allows to perform predictions on these popular graph structures. However, KGs cannot directly be used as ML input in their graph representation, they first require to be transformed to a vector space representation through an embedding technique. As ML techniques are data-driven, they can generalize over unseen input data that deviates to some extent from the data they were trained upon. To fully exploit the generalization capabilities of ML algorithms when using embedded KGs as input, small changes in the KGs should also result in small changes in the embedding space. Various embedding techniques for graphs in general exist, however, they have not been tailored towards embedding whole KGs, while KGs can be considered a special kind of graph that adheres to a certain KG schema. This paper evaluates if these existing embedding techniques that embed the whole graphs can represent the similarity between KGs in their embedding space, allowing ML algorithms to generalize over their input. We compare the similarities between KGs in terms of changes in size, entity labels, and KG schema. We found that most techniques were able to represent the similarities in terms of size and entity labels in their embedding space, however, none of the techniques were able to capture the similarities in KG schema.

The territory of John Howard's measured buildings: from local jail to national project

The British Penitentiary Act of 1779 has been understood as an important mark dividing one era of judicial sanction from another — when the prison sentence became widely accepted as the ideal form of legal punishment. While the idea of the prison sentence as legal sanction, and its corresponding architectural form, may have been articulated explicitly by the Penitentiary Act, the later implementation of its penal ideology through the construction of penitentiary houses relied on a robust understanding of practices occurring in existing buildings across rural England. In this paper, I look closely at how these existing buildings played a crucial role in reformulating the idea of the prison. Rather than a total invention of a brand-new building type for this new penal sanction, legal reformers looked at existing jails; the most celebrated of these was John Howard, whose book The State of the Prisons in England and Wales was first published two years before the Penitentiary Act. Previous accounts of Howard's work have focused on his role as a religious philanthropist or else dismissed his project as simply data collection. I re-frame Howard's work as having been necessary to understand the jail as a measurable building type. Howard's research cast the local jail as a necessary part of a larger territorial system. I argue that the ideal penitentiaries of the mid nineteenth century — today understood as autonomous architectural inventions — were thus predicated on an understanding of the prison as a disaggregated territorial system.