Ideal Form Research Articles

78 Tahun Negara Hukum: Refleksi Atas Upaya Membangun Budaya Hukum Dan Mewujudkan Masyarakat Madani Indonesia

In its initial period of enactment, the 1945 Constitution emphasized that Indonesia was a legal state. This is stated in several provisions therein, namely Article 27 paragraph (1) and the Explanation of the 1945 Constitution. Entering the reform era which resulted in constitutional amendments, provisions regarding the rule of law are contained in Article 1 paragraph (3) and Article 28D paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution The task of the rule of law then is to ensure that law enforcement is achieved. Law enforcement is largely determined by legal culture, because the existence of law is largely determined by legal culture in the form of community values, views and attitudes. Meanwhile, the goal of the state as a mandate for independence, as reflected in the fourth paragraph of the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution, aims at an ideal form of society, namely civil society.
 Imbued with the spirit of 78 years of independence of the Republic of Indonesia, this article presents efforts to build a legal culture and create a civil society. To achieve these two efforts, several provisions in Law Number 17 of 2007 concerning the 2005-2025 National Long Term Development Plan can be the main reference.

Statistical analysis on the influence of drilling parameters on GFRP-PUF sandwich composite structure

ABSTRACT Composite sandwich structures are finding increasing applications in various fields and industries such as aerospace, automotive, acoustics and so on due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and better insulation properties. To facilitate the assembly of these structures, fasteners are employed, and drilling is one of the secondary manufacturing processes that can produce cost-effective and good-quality holes for fastening. This paper deals with characterising the quality of the drilled holes in glass fibre-reinforced plastic-polyurethane foam sandwich structures. This experiment has been designed using Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array. The results indicate that smaller drill diameter and lower feed rate produce delamination of lower magnitude at entry and exit while higher spindle speeds followed by lower feed rates produced holes with minimal deviation from the ideal form.

The “pedagogy of personality”: becoming better people in the English language teaching and learning space

Abstract This paper interrogates how English language teaching and learning spaces become a locus for a “pedagogy of personality”: spaces where ideal forms of personhood can be transmitted, taught and learned. We draw on ethnographic accounts of moments produced in a municipal English language teaching programme in Rionegro, Colombia, and in the English language class of an elite international school near Barcelona, in Catalonia. We explore discourses mobilised by teachers, students, and school administrators that glorify personality traits that should enable students to become “good community members”, “good citizens” and to reflect on the ways in which language learning spaces are imagined to have an effect on learners’ personalities. We claim that it is not necessarily the English competence acquired in these spaces, or the act of speaking English itself, which is imagined as automatically triggering the enactment of ‘better’ forms of personality. Rather, we believe that our ethnographic data point to the fact that language curricula provide the space to construct, spread and normalise moral values which are associated to idealised forms of subjectivity, and desired forms of being. The discourses circulated through landscapes and classroom interactions show how the mere act of being in an English language learning space is expected to raise students’ awareness of the moral duty to become better, more responsible individuals. We make a key contribution to critical sociolinguistic research by placing a focus on how “good personality” is informed by the pedagogic trajectories of each space, beyond neoliberal projects of self. Moralising catholic discourses, values and ideologies, and broader humanist educational discourses inform ideas about personality and personality development in these spaces. Thus, we call for a slower sociolinguistics, that takes pause before reaching for the explanatory power of neoliberalism and makes room for the complex, historically sedimented logics of our research sites.

Cross-Coupling of Benzylic and Aldehydic C-H Bonds via Photocatalytic Tandem Radical-Radical Coupling and Acceptorless Alcohol Dehydrogenation.

The construction of a C-C bond by cross-coupling of two different C-H bonds with the release of hydrogen gas represents an ideal yet challenging bond formation strategy. Herein, we report a photocatalytic metal-free cross-coupling of benzylic and aldehydic C-H bonds by synergistic catalysis of organophotocatalyst 4CzIPN and a thiol, which affords the corresponding α-aryl ketones in acceptable yields along with hydrogen evolution. The mechanistic investigation indicates a radical-radical coupling to give an intermediary alcohol, followed by an acceptorless alcohol dehydrogenation.

Retracted: More General Form of Interval-Valued Fuzzy Ideals of BCK/BCI-Algebras

Retracted: More General Form of Interval-Valued Fuzzy Ideals of BCK/BCI-Algebras

Higher Order Bayesian Networks, Exactly

Bayesian networks are graphical first-order probabilistic models that allow for a compact representation of large probability distributions, and for efficient inference, both exact and approximate. We introduce a higher-order programming language, in the idealized form of a lambda-calculus, which we prove sound and complete w.r.t. Bayesian networks: each Bayesian network can be encoded as a term, and conversely each (possibly higher-order and recursive) program of ground type compiles into a Bayesian network. The language allows for the specification of recursive probability models and hierarchical structures. Moreover, we provide a compositional and cost-aware semantics which is based on factors, the standard mathematical tool used in Bayesian inference. Our results rely on advanced techniques rooted into linear logic, intersection types, rewriting theory, and Girard's geometry of interaction, which are here combined in a novel way.

The concept of axial movement of blast furnaces and temperature distribution on the horizon of air tuyeres

The purpose of the work is to clarify the data on temperature changes on the horizon of the air tuyeres of blast furnaces. The limitations associated with the implementation of the well-known concept of axial movement of blast furnaces in terms of temperature stabilization in the coke nozzle blast furnace are considered. Based on the comparison of the results of studies on the temperature distribution of coke and its fractional composition at level of air tuyeres, it is shown that on blast furnaces equipped with coneless filling devices and coal dust blowing units, the critical zone in the distribution of temperatures and their fluctuations in time is the intermediate zone between "bird's nest" and the center of the furnace. A temporary, but sufficiently long-term decrease in the temperature of coke to 1000 °C in the intermediate zone of modern blast furnaces is not accompanied by the danger of toterman formation, which is facilitated by the existence of an axial coke vent — a kind of heated core of the coke nozzle and sufficient thermal inertia of the furnace. It has been established that the increase in blowing costs affects distribution of coke temperatures on the horizon of air tuyeres in a similar way to the tendency of the hot strength of coke to deteriorate — the temperatures in the intermediate zone of the coke nozzle decrease. It is recommended to take into account the change in the quality of the loaded coke when choosing dimensions of the coke vent in the center of the furnace and the degree of forcing its course by blowing. In the conditions of using pulverized coal fuel, when working on coke of average quality, the most acceptable mode of organization of the radial gas flow is peripheral-axial with an advantage in the development of axial over peripheral. Despite some conventionality of the examples discussed in the article, it can be argued that a long axial stroke without stroke disturbances can be realized only if the intensity of the peripheral gas flow is maintained for specific conditions. That is, in an ideal form, axial movement of blast furnace melting is practically impossible.

Проблема формування професійних ідеалів старшокласників у історико-педагогічному контексті

The article deals with the problem of formation of professional ideals of senior pupils in the historical and pedagogical context. The conducted theoretical analysis of psychological and pedagogical studies testified that the attention of scientists is focused, first of all, on the study of changes that have taken place in the understanding of the essence of ideals, their significance in the development of the individual. We note that special attention is paid to the relevance, multi-value, multi-vector nature and importance of the formation of “ideals” both for society and for an individual. It is proven that ideals are differentiated depending on the object of reflection (humanistic, spiritual, moral, political, aesthetic, professional, scientific, and others) and the scale of the subject of its embodiment and realization (personal, group, national, universal ideals, and others). Professional ideals of an individual, according to this approach, are a component of a much broader concept – “social ideals”, which synthesize the image of the individual’s own perfected professional future, which determines for him the direction of his professional orientation activities. There are reasons to claim that any human activity can be idealized and presented in the form of a system of ideals, where the professional ideal of an individual serves as a model for achieving professional goals and determines the manner and character of a person’s professional behavior and activity. Such an approach reveals the essence of the ideas formed in society about a professional person, who is a model of professional excellence.

A Systematic Literature Review: Training Model, Learning Concept, and Ideal Class Approach for Generation Z Based on Addie Model

This research is a literature study with a descriptive qualitative type of research with a literature review that attempts to describe the training model, learning concept, and ideal class form for Generation Z in Indonesia using the ADDIE Model approach. In this research, the author used various written sources such as articles, journals, and documents relevant to the study. This research shows that Generation Z are familiar with technology, like modern learning models with discussions in the form of dialogue, direct practice, and using digital access to deepen the material. This requires educators including trainers to adapt to create training with an environment suitable for the acceptance of Generation Z. The next research that is interesting to develop is the effectiveness of implementing the ADDIE Model in various training for Generation Z.

On the Epistemological Foundations and Issues of the Modern Legal Understanding Doctrine

This article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis and understanding of existing epistemological approaches to the study of legal understanding. The paper reveals modern doctrinal concepts in relation to the definition of the category “legal understanding”, its ontological, axiological and problematic aspects, provides and critically analyzes some methodological approaches to the organization of the content of the legal understanding doctrine. In particular, the author focuses on the theoretical characteristics of such ontological categories of legal understanding as the essence and definition of the concept of law, considered as its internal content and complete (idealized) form, their axiological problem and epistemological positioning in the structure of modern legal knowledge. From the standpoint of general scientific methods and requirements, the idea of the inadmissibility of ignoring the objective system- and structure-forming properties of these ontological categories, their universal (global) significance and the need to exclude their multivariance (multiplicity) is substantiated.It is concluded that the theory of legal understanding represents the fundamental direction of legal science for developing reliable, objective, and substantiated knowledge about the essence and understanding of law. The theory of legal understanding should be determined by specific (strict) requirements of scientific rationality, such as finding objective laws of change and development of law, establishing its essence, creating an idealized theoretical construct (concept definition) of law, and development of scientific foresight and forecasting of the future of law, etc.

Promoting Multifunctional Agriculture in India

Concerns regarding productivity-driven agricultural policies since the 1970s have impacted on the quality of the environment and rural vitality. in the recent decades, researchers have attempted to restructure and enlarge the scope of agricultural policy by including aspects like multifunctionality that include valuable non-commodity outputs in addition to the commodities that generate most of its revenue. In addition, multifunctionality of agriculture may be ideally understood by placing it within the framework of sustainable development. It provides the underlying mechanisms and transition processes required for attaining the sustainability goals. As such, the focus is on gleaning strong elements from different approaches for an integrated perspective that focuses on transition processes towards sustainable agricultural and rural development. Towards this end, new institutional arrangements that go beyond the state-market divide (community supported agriculture, trusts, contracts between tourism sector, consumer and farmers), an optimal level of decentralisation for policy design and matching governance mechanisms is an important strand in policy research that can account for the complementarities and co-production of farming, ecological and socio-cultural systems. Therefore, an ideal policy format for doubling farmers’ income, and a simultaneous endeavour to achieve sustainability in agriculture would be to advance our understanding of the multiple functions of agriculture by creating contextual prototypes of multifunctional farming systems.

Seeking the Ideal Form of Regional Medicine

Seeking the Ideal Form of Regional Medicine

Влияние правового менталитета на тип уголовного судопроизводства России

The paper analyzes the prospects for the development of a new criminal procedural law to replace the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation of 2001, which has lost its consistency. Using legal methods of scientific research, as well as the cultural method, the author analyzes the purpose of criminal procedural activity, the historical background of its formation and consolidation, as well as adversariality as an ideal form of contemporary criminal procedure. The paper shows that liberal legal values enshrined in the form of the purpose and system of principles of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation of 2001 do not reflect the real interests of Russian society in the public sphere. Believing that determining the purpose of the criminal procedure and the place of adversariality in the system of its principles is a methodological mistake of the legislator, the author makes a number of conceptual proposals for improving the criminal procedure law. The author proposes to clarify the formulation of the goals and objectives of criminal proceedings, taking into account the specifics of the legal mentality of Russians. When formulating the purpose of criminal procedural activity, it is necessary to indicate the tendency of the criminal procedure to identify correctly the factual circumstances of what happened achieved through repeated verification of the facts in different procedures and by different officials. The tasks of criminal procedural activity formulated in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation should be implemented in pre-trial and judicial proceedings by different criminal procedure subjects. It is proposed that the tasks of criminal procedural activity should include identifying a guilty person and assigning punishment to him; acquittal of an innocent person and his rehabilitation; identifying the factual circumstances of an incident; protection of individual rights and freedoms. Adversariality should be excluded from the criminal procedure principles, and the criminal procedure itself should be organized according to a mixed type with investigative pre-trial proceedings and adversarial judicial proceedings.

Perceptions of the Time of Troubles in Russian Social and Political Thought in the Late 18th — Early 19th Centuries

This article examines the changing perceptions of the Time of Troubles in Russian political culture between the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The author draws on the methods of the Cambridge school of ‘intellectual history’, represented by the works of J. Pocock and Q. Skinner, which allow the historical materials involved to be considered within the framework of the approach of ‘cultural glossaries’ and rhetorical strategies. The study focuses on debates about the ideal form of government, including historical plots of the Time of Troubles, in Russian socio-political thought of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, including those based on historical plots of the Time of Troubles. The article demonstrates that the appeal to these plots was connected with the foreign and domestic political spheres relevant to the contemporaries, and with the attempt to change the form of government in Russia or the threat of its change from outside during the Napoleonic Wars in the early nineteenth century. The analysis shows that eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Russian authors reinterpreted the historical events and personalities of the Time of Troubles using the Aristotelian glossary of forms of government. The application of this glossary to the historical themes of the Time of Troubles in Russian social and political thought effectively ‘reinvented’ the history of the Time of Troubles. In this ‘invention of the Time of Troubles’, the themes of ‘tyranny’ and ‘tyrannicide’ and speculation about the most appropriate form of government for Russia emerged. It is concluded that the emergence of these rhetorical strategies in references to the Time of Troubles played the role of historical argument and evidence in favour of the Russian monarchy for eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century authors.

조선후기 제왕학의 발달과 정조의 황극론

This study examines the significance of Jeongjo's theory on Hwangguk in the development of kingly-study in the late Joseon dynasty. After the Middle Joseon period, as the factional politics was realized, kingly-study developed in the direction of requiring the king to study for sainthood at the initiative of his retainers, and the ideology of co-governance by king and retainer(君臣共治) was emphasized. During the factional politics, the existence of Sallin(山林) that could counter the political authority of the king based on their academic authority was emphasized, based on the theological theory of Dotong(道統), which states that Dotong belongs to scholars. Based on the fact that they were located outside the political system represented by the king, they acted as representatives of public opinion through their academic authority. As the conflict between the factions reached a crescendo, the king was seen as the one who could end it and bring about the idealized politics of Tangpyong(蕩平). King Jeongjo followed in the footsteps of Yeongjo, but his thoughts on the role of the king was different from that of Yeongjo. From the beginning of his reign, Jeongjo expected all his retainers to play an active role in the affairs of state, regardless of factions’ legitimacy. Jeongjo positively evaluated Yeongjo's Gungeuk(建極) for ending the blood feuds between the factions, and demanded that his retainers respond in kind to establish the true way of the Hwanggeuk. The king's act of establishing the Hwanggeuk served to ensure that his retainers could participate equally in the affairs of state. In his later years, Jeongjo described his ideal form of government. “The writing of the Master of Ten Thousand Rivers and the Moon” outlines a new ideology of co-governance by king and retainer in which the conflicts between the factions were put to rest under a king-led order, and various talents were brought to the table to contribute to the state by using their talents appropriately. Through this, it can be said that Jeongjo did not completely change the nature and structure of existing kingly-study through the concept of the Hwangguk, but rather actively established the existence of the king through the concept of the Hwangguk while maintaining the framework of co-governance by king and retainer emphasized through kingly-study.

CREATIVE TASK AS A FORM OF FINAL CONTROL FOR FUTURE JOURNALISTS: THE VIEWPOINT OF STUDENTS

The article is devoted to the issue of final control for core disciplines in the specialty 061 «Journalism». The survey of more than 100 students of the Department of Journalism in V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University was held. It is presenting the students’ vision of a creative task as a form of verification test or exam. The questions were about the distribu- tion of points for certain types of tasks, features of creative tasks’ preparation, problems of creative tasks’ production in the distance learning setting etc. The survey provided different forms of answers: both option selection and extended comments. Questionnaires were filled out by students of the Bachelor and Master levels, full-time and correspondence courses and by graduates of the Department of Journalism.It was found that the majority of students see the creative task as a mandatory component of the verification test or exam. At the same time, the ideal form of final control is considered to be combined (a presentation of a creative task and a theory test). It was established that journalism students prefer individual production of creative works, although they assume team formats.The main challenges for future journalists in the distance learning setting within the context of creative tasks’ production are highlighted. It was found that after the beginning of the full-scale phase of the Russian-Ukrainian war, the number of difficulties increased and they became more frequently related to the inner state of students. A search for motivation or inspiration, work under stress, finding topics for materials are most often mentioned problems by respondents. The problems of education organizing by universities have faded into the background compared to the quarantine restrictions’ period caused by the coronavirus pandemic.It was concluded that despite the existing difficulties of the distance learning, students still consider a creative task as a form of final control for core disciplines in the both prepared in advance and done during the exam ways.

Production Sharing Agreement for Agricultural Land Encumbered with Liens in Southeast Sulawesi Indonesia

The aim of the research is to attempt to analyze the form of production sharing agreement for agricultural land which is encumbered with liens which is widely applied by agricultural communities so that a model of production sharing agreement can be identified that is in accordance with the characteristics of agricultural communities in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The method used is a qualitative descriptive research type with an empirical normative approach and using secondary data. The research results show that the form of agricultural land production sharing agreement which is burdened with liens which is widely applied by the agricultural community of Southeast Sulawesi is mostly done orally between the parties based on customary law. Understanding of agreements made following the traditions, beliefs and customs of the local community which include the use of agricultural or cultivated land, distribution of results, time and duration of the agreement, obligations and responsibilities of the parties, dispute resolution, and protection of honor and customs. The ideal form of an agricultural land production sharing agreement which is encumbered with a lien is to protect the interests of the parties, the form of the agreement should be in writing before and ratified by an authorized official and the contents of the agreement should include a mechanism for sharing the results or profits from the agricultural business, the time period includes the period during which the agricultural business will take place. and production sharing agreement, payment of profit sharing, responsibility of the parties, settlement if one party does not fulfill its obligations, and termination of the agreement.

Water-Tank and Semi-Field Experimental Investigation of a Hose Net Fish-Hauling Device for Next-Generation Set-Net Fishing

The flexible fire hose and net (hose net) is a novel fish-hauling device developed for set-net fishery. The hose net is placed inside the box chamber net, air is injected from one edge of the hose net, the hoses are inflated, and the buoyancy force is increased. The net floats up gradually, cornering the fish on the other edge. In previous studies, we have conducted a series of floating-up and sinking-down experiments to evaluate the performance of the hose net in calm water. In this study, aimed at the practical implementation of the hose net fish-hauling system, we conducted a water tank experiment and a semi-field test to confirm the operation of the hose net, which was installed inside a box chamber net model. The results demonstrated that the net could float up gradually in an ideal form and stretched on the surface of the box net. The time taken to float up processes varied with the air injected into the auxiliary hose and hose net, so that the motion of the hose net could be controlled by adjusting the air at different parts of practical operation. Furthermore, semi-field trials were conducted to verify its performance in the natural marine environment and its ability to capture schools of fish. Overall, this innovative hose net fish-hauling device is expected to be valuable for next-generation set-net fishing.

"KONSTITUTSIONALIZMNING PAYDO BO‘LISHI VA UNING RIVOJLANISH ASOSLARI "

"In this article, the classic theories and classical concepts of constitutionalism, as well as the characteristics and practice of constitutional government in the whole world, are considered from a scientific theoretical point of view. Also, the role of constitutionalism in the historical process of the countries of the world up to the stage of achieving democratic freedoms and the fact that it was the basic concept in the organization of state power are studied. In today’s globalized world, we can understand that constitutionalism is the foundation and basis of any developed country from the point of view of the organization of the state and law. It is revealed that constitutionalism played an extremely important role in the gradual development of humanity and in the emergence of basic human rights and freedoms based on the basic concepts and approaches of ancient philosophers. The traditions of constitutionalism in the creation of the state and law, which is one of the most urgent problems of today, and its organization and main concept in this process, are based on deep thoughts and scientific considerations. When familiarizing myself with the article, the proportion of constitutionalism and similar theories created by the human mind in the transition to the democratic society it dreamed of from the beginning of humanity to the present day has been scientifically compared and studied. Based on the concepts of person, state, and society and their rights and obligations before the constitution and the law, the most ideal form of these three subjects is the basis of constitutionalism. It is interpreted through existing theories and methods. "

Robust Cooperative Transport System with Model Error Compensator Using Multiple Robots with Suction Cups

In cooperative transport systems, multiple robots work together to transport objects that are difficult to transport with a single robot. In recent years, multi-robot systems that cooperate to transport objects have been researched. However, during the transfer of objects, misalignment occurs between the ideal and actual grasp positions. In an automatic transport system, a grasping error can cause an error in the trajectory of the object, significantly reducing the transport efficiency. In this paper, a control system that allows robust cooperative transport control using a model error compensator is proposed for a leader–follower system in which the transported object is the virtual leader and the followers are ideally arranged. This system adds robustness to the operation of a conventional cooperative transport system by using the ideal formation of robots. The effectiveness of the proposed method was evaluated through cooperative transport experiments using two ideal formations for passing through a narrow entrance. The cooperative transport system could not pass through the narrow entrance using the conventional method; however, the system using the compensator passed through the narrow entrance smoothly.