Ideal Body Research Articles

The Influences of Social Media on Eating Disorder Risk

As a society, people are approaching an informational age, a period where people are in constant communication through various applications and platforms. One emerging tool is social media, an online platform that can be used to communicate, post information, share opinions, and document photos. As more people use social media, there are risks of misinformation and triggering content being spread. This phenomenon is beginning to affect its users’ mental health, such as mood regulation and eating behaviors. Eating disorders are becoming more prevalent, especially in adolescents and teenagers. Researchers have conducted studies analyzing the influences social media has on users’ mindsets and eating behaviors. They found that social media has contributed to the rise of eating disorders by fostering unhealthy peer comparisons, promoting an unhealthy ideal body, and normalizing disordered eating patterns. The content the users’ view online affects their mental functioning and leaves them more susceptible to developing an eating disorder to achieve a societal standard at any cost. To combat this dilemma, psychologists have started focusing on social media usage related interventions to minimize the risk factors contributing to eating disorders. These interventions consist of social media literacy campaigns, raising awareness about the influence of social media, and developing a growth mindset. Changing the way the user uses social media is how psychologists are attempting to solve this issue. Future research should focus on long-term benefits of these interventions and continue focusing on ways to decrease the negative impacts of social media on individuals’ mindset and behaviors.

Discrepancy between Current, Desired, and Ideal Body Mass Index in Persons with Obesity: A Swedish Population-Based Study

Introduction: Body weight dissatisfaction, when current and desired body mass index (BMI) do not align, is common in persons with obesity. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore factors associated with the differences between current and desired BMI, and ideal BMI (defined in the present study as BMI 25 kg/m²), in persons with obesity. Methods: Swedish citizens aged 20–64 years residing in the Stockholm County were randomly selected from the population register at five different and evenly separated occasions in the study period 1998–2000 and invited to provide self-reported data about their current weight, height, desired weight, and other characteristics such as depressive symptoms and alcohol intake. Among the 10,441 participants with a mean BMI of 24 kg/m², differences between desired BMI and ideal BMI were calculated to determine the discrepancy between desired BMI and ideal BMI in participants with obesity (n = 808). The discrepancy between current and desired BMI was also determined. Using linear regression, factors associated with BMI discrepancies were determined. Results: Persons with BMI <40 kg/m² desired a lower BMI than those with BMI ≥40 kg/m² (26 ± 3 vs. 36 ± 14 kg/m², p < 0.001). Women with obesity (n = 425) had a larger discrepancy between current and desired BMI, 32% ± 16, than men with obesity (n = 380), 24% ± 21 (p < 0.001). Persons with obesity and major depression had a 6.9% (95% CI: 2.5–11.4) larger discrepancy between current and desired BMI than persons with obesity but without major depression. Being born abroad, having a university degree, or hazardous alcohol use were not associated with discrepancy between current and desired BMI or desired BMI and ideal BMI (all p > 0.05). Conclusion: Desired BMI and discrepancies between current, desired, and ideal BMI vary according to current BMI, sex, and presence of major depression. This underscores the significance of a patient-centered approach in the management of obesity, where the goals and needs of each patient should be considered.

The relationship between Ballet Body and Professional Ballet - the History, System and Future behind Ballet

The paper delves into the stringent physical standards set for professional female ballet dancers worldwide, commonly termed as the "ideal ballet body". This concept largely emphasizes the physical appearance of dancers, such as long limbs, small head, and a specific proportion between the leg and upper body lengths. While it's acknowledged that this "ideal" is mostly a fantastical standard, professional ballet institutions in different countries respond variably. Using Russia and China as examples, the paper underscores their focus on recruiting dancers whose physiques align closely with this ideal. In contrast, the American professional ballet system is explored for its broader and more holistic approach to recruitment, beyond the "ideal" physique. The paper then offers an in-depth exploration across three chapters: a comparative look at how countries prioritize the "ideal ballet body"; an analysis of the pros and cons of these systems; and, finally, a discussion on the role and future of China's ballet system based on interviews.

The Body Flâneur: Body-Biased Gaze and Ocular Inspections of Women’s Bodies in Swedish Serial Literature, 1850–1890

ABSTRACT The article analyses the male body-biased gaze in serial fiction in the Swedish press 1850–1890, by using the concept of the body flâneur as an analogy to the well-known city flâneur. The normative construct of the body flâneur was a discursive practice, normalising the male gaze in media representations in period still poor on visual representations. It gave authors an opportunity to describe, in detail and in an educated manner, female bodies as aesthetic objects. It had a twofold educational function. First, the body flâneur taught readers, both female and male, what the ideal female body looked like and how it could be detailed in words, but also that the woman was a natural object of scrutiny, and a field of expertise. Second, it presented to readers to various conceivable female reactions to being stared at.

Population pharmacokinetics of mirvetuximab soravtansine in patients with folate receptor-α positive ovarian cancer: The antibody-drug conjugate, payload and metabolite.

Mirvetuximab soravtansine is a first-in-class antibody-drug conjugate recently approved for the treatment of folate receptor-α positive ovarian cancer. The aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model to describe the concentration-time profiles of mirvetuximab soravtansine, the payload (DM4) and a metabolite (S-methyl-DM4). Mirvetuximab soravtansine was administered intravenously from 0.15 to 7mg/kg to 543 patients with predominantly platinum-resistant ovarian cancer in 3 clinical studies, and the plasma drug concentrations were analysed using a nonlinear mixed-effects modelling approach. Stepwise covariate modelling was performed to identify covariates. We developed a semi-mechanistic population pharmacokinetic model that included linear and nonlinear routes for the elimination of mirvetuximab soravtansine and a target compartment for the formation and disposition of the payload and metabolite in tumour cells. The clearance and volume of the central compartment were 0.0153 L/h and 2.63 L for mirvetuximab soravtansine, 8.83 L/h and 3.67 L for DM4, and 2.04 L/h and 6.3L for S-methyl-DM4, respectively. Body weight, serum albumin and age were identified as statistically significant covariates. Exposures in patients with renal or hepatic impairment and who used concomitant cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 inhibitors were estimated. There is no need for dose adjustment due to covariate effects for mirvetuximab soravtansine administered at the recommended dose of 6mg/kg based on adjusted ideal body weight. Dose adjustment is not required for patients with mild or moderate renal impairment, mild hepatic impairment, or when concomitant weak and moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors are used.

Ideal body weight-based determination of minimum oral calories beneficial to function and survival in ALS.

This study sought to identify the optimal caloric intake to improve function and survival in ALS patients by comparing oral intake per ideal body weight (IBW) and its discrepancy with total energy expenditure (TEE) using the Shimizu formula. A retrospective analysis of 104 ALS patients was conducted, categorizing them based on their average intake during the first week after admission using two primary intake cutoffs: 25 kcal/kgIBW and 30 kcal/kgIBW. The variance between oral intake and TEE was also evaluated using -300 kcal and 0 kcal as reference points. Oral caloric intake per IBW and functional decline rate (rs = -0.35, p < 0.001), but the variance from TEE was not significantly correlated (-0.11, p = 0.27). Survival data showed that patients consuming less than 25 kcal/kgIBW had a median survival of 24 months, increasing to 38 months for those consuming between 25-30 kcal/kgIBW and 63 months for those consuming 30 kcal/kgIBW or more. Deviations from the TEE did not significantly affect survival (p = 0.36). Among patients consuming less than their TEE, those consuming less than 25 kcal/kgIBW had a shorter median survival (24 months) compared to their counterparts (46 months) (p = 0.022). Consumption of less than 25 kcal/kgBW emerged as a significant negative predictor of patient outcome, independent of factors such as age, gender or disease progression. Intakes of 25 kcal/kgIBW or more are correlated with improved ALS outcomes, and larger, multi-regional studies are recommended for deeper insights.

The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index Predicts Prognosis in Japanese Patients with LATITUDE High-Risk Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: A Multi-Center Study.

Malnutrition is associated with prognosis in cancer. The geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), based on the ratio of actual to ideal body weight and also serum albumin level, is a simple screening tool for assessing nutrition. We investigated the GNRI as a prognostic factor for oncological outcomes in patients with high-risk metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) using a Japanese multicenter cohort. This study included a total of 175 patients with LATITUDE high-risk mHSPC, of whom 102 had received androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) plus upfront abiraterone acetate, and 73 had received ADT plus bicalutamide (Bica), from 14 institutions associated with the Tokai Urologic Oncology Research Seminar. Patients were classified into GNRI-low (<98) or GNRI-high (≥98) groups. The GNRI was based on the body mass index and serum albumin level. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the median overall survival (OS) of a GNRI-low group (median 33.7 months; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 26.2-not reached [NR]) was significantly worse than that of a GNRI-high group (median: NR; 95% CI: NR-NR; p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified Bica and low GNRI (<98) as independent prognostic factors for reduced times to both castration-resistant prostate cancer and OS, and, therefore, a poor prognosis. Our findings indicate the GNRI may be a practical prognostic indicator in the evaluation of survival outcomes in patients with LATITUDE high-risk mHSPC.

Abstract 11817: Calculating Aortic Root Z- Scores With Ideal Body Weight Reclassifies Risk in Overweight and Obese Patients

Introduction: Indexing transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) aortic root diameter (AoR diam) measurements using body surface area (BSA) is important in children and small adults in whom non-indexed values may under detect dilation. However, the commonly used formula for expected AoR diam uses actual body weight, which may bias results in obese adults as AoR diam does not increase with body weight. Z-scores compare a patient’s AoR diam relative to an age, size, and sex specific population mean such that z- score = (observed AoR diam - expected AoR diam) /0.261. A normal AoR diam z-score is -2 ≤ z-score ≤2. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that using ideal body weight (IBW) in place of actual weight when calculating z-score reclassifies a significant proportion of overweight and obese patients with z-score &lt; 2 to z-score ≥2. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all patients with a TTE at Tufts Medical Center in 2022 and Ao root diam ≥ 4 cm. We excluded patients &lt; 20 years old and those with inadequate TTE images or missing aortic measurements. Expected AoR diam and z-scores were calculated using both actual weight and IBW. A z-score difference, z diff = z actual weight - z ideal weight , was calculated. Results: 485 patients met our study criteria with a subset of 352 patients with BMI ≥ 25. The z diff was significantly different from zero across all BMI groups (p = 0.0003) and in the subset with BMI ≥ 25 (p&lt;0.001). 17.9% of patients with BMI ≥ 25 with z actual weight &lt; 2 were reclassified to z ideal weight ≥ 2 (p&lt;0.001) compared with 2.2% of patients with BMI &lt; 25 (p&lt;0.001). Among AoR diam subgroups of 4 - 4.5 cm, &gt; 4.5 - 5 cm, and &gt; 5 cm, all reclassification occurred in the 4 - 4.5 cm group. Within the 4 - 4.5 cm group, 24.1% of patients with z actual weight &lt; 2 reclassified to z ideal weight ≥ 2. Conclusions: Compared to current methods using actual weight, the use of IBW to calculate Ao root z-scores reclassifies nearly 2 in 10 patients with BMI ≥ 25 to Ao root dilation. Among patients with Ao root diam of 4 - 4.5 cm, nearly 1 in 4 are reclassified as dilated by z-scores calculated with IBW. Such reclassification would impact clinical decisions about increased surveillance and/or treatment. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal approach to indexing Ao root size and the implications for management.

Abstract 14782: Pre- and Post-Hemodialysis Differences in Heart Failure Diagnosis by Current Heart Failure Guidelines in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease

Introduction: Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who are on hemodialysis (HD) have reduced vascular compliance and are likely to develop heart failure (HF). Hypothesis: This study estimated pre- and post-HD in ESRD HF diagnosis prevalence using the current guidelines. Methods: We prospectively investigated ESRD patients on HD using echocardiography between pre and post HD. We used structural or functional abnormality criteria of 2021 ESC guideline of HF Results: A total of 54 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 62.6 years and 40.1% were male. Forty-five patients (83.3%) had hypertension, 28 (51.9%) had diabetes, 20 (37.0%) had ischemic heart disease. Mean NT-pro BNP level was 11959.9pg/dL. The mean ideal body weight was 59.3kg, mean HD time was 237.4 minutes, and mean real filtration was 2.8 kg. The mean LVEF was 62.4% and mean LVEDD was 52.0 mm in pre-HD. Post-HD echocardiography showed significantly lower LAVI (33.3 ± 15.9 vs. 40.6 ± 17.1 ml/m 2 , p=0.030), TR jet V (2.5 ± 0.4 vs. 2.8 ± 0.4 m/s, p&lt;0.001), and RVSP (32.1 ± 10.3 vs. 38.4 ± 11.6 mmHg, p=0.005) compared with pre-HD. There was no difference in LVEF, E/E’ ratio, or LV GLS. A total of 88.9% for pre-HD and 66.7% for post-HD had at least structural or functional abnormalities according to recent HF guidelines (p=0.007). Conclusions: Our data show that post-HD echocardiography showed significantly reduced LAVI, TR jet V and RVSP compared to pre-HD. The difference of prevalence of HF was 22.2% between pre- and post- HD.

Abstract 16148: Calculating Indexed Aortic Root Diameters With Ideal Body Weight Leads to Significant Reclassification in Overweight and Obese Patients

Introduction: Indexed Aortic root diameter (AoR diam) measured by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) using body surface area (BSA) is important in children, adolescents, and small adults in whom non-indexed values may under detect dilation. However, indexed AoR diam may lead to misleading results in obese individuals as the AoR diam does not increase in proportion to body weight. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that using ideal body weight (IBW, using the Devine formula) in place of actual weight in BSA calculation reclassifies a significant proportion of indexed AoR diam in overweight and obese patients. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all patients with a TTE at Tufts Medical Center in 2022 and Ao root diam &gt;4 cm for men and &gt;3.6 cm for women. We excluded patients &lt; 20 years old and those with inadequate TTE images or missing aortic measurements. TTE data and baseline characteristics were recorded. Indexed AoR diam was calculated using both actual and ideal body weights. The thresholds for for mildly, moderately, and severely dilated indexed AoR were ≥2.2, ≥2.4, and ≥2.6 in men, and ≥2.3, ≥2.4, and ≥2.6 in women, respectively. Results: 456 patients (400 males, 56 females) met our inclusion criteria, with a subset of 331 patients (72.6%) with BMI ≥25. When ideal body weight was used for indexing AoR diam, 58.7% of patients initially classified as having 'normal' indexed AoR diam were reclassified as at least 'mildly dilated' (p&lt;0.001). Patients with a BMI ≥25 were more often reclassified as at least ‘mildly dilated’ compared to those with lower BMI (64.6% vs. 13.3%, p&lt;0.001). In stratified analysis, upward reclassification occurred in 31.9% of patients with 'mildly dilated' AoR diam (45.8% in BMI ≥25) and 35.2% of patients with 'moderately dilated' AoR diam (80% in BMI ≥25). Conclusions: The use of ideal body weight instead of actual body weight for indexing AoR diam changes risk-stratification in over half of the patients with an abnormal AoR. This is more pronounced in patients with a BMI ≥25 and may have significant management implications. Further studies are needed to investigate if the use of actual weight in Ao root indexing systematically underestimates Ao root dilation in overweight and obese patients and if the use of IBW can improve risk assessment.

PSIX-13 Intake Differences in Small Dogs Suggest a Need for Size-Specific Energy Considerations

Abstract The domestic dog is one of the most diverse mammalian species in the world. However, knowledge regarding potential differences in metabolism and disparities in nutritional considerations due to body size is limited. The primary focus of this study was to investigate differences in energy needs of small dogs compared with medium and large dogs by analyzing longitudinal intake for individuals of varying body sizes. A secondary aim was to assess age-associated differences in the energy needs of small dogs by comparing longitudinal intake between young and old small dogs. Caloric intake (kcal/d), metabolic body weight (MBW)-adjusted caloric intake (kcal/kg0.75/d; MBW-Kcal), and BW were assessed in a population of mature adult dogs dogs (10.8 ± 1.9 yr; n = 58) categorized into three size groups based on ideal body weight; small (≤11 kg; n = 19), medium (11 &amp;lt; x &amp;lt; 22 kg; n = 29), nd large (≥ 22 kg; n = 10). The second study population was made up of small dogs less than seven years old (1.2 ± 0.8 yr; ≤11 kg; n = 46). All dogs were fed to maintain ideal BW. Intake was measured daily; BW was recorded monthly. The activity factor (AF) of each dog was calculated by dividing daily caloric intake by their resting energy requirement. ANOVA was used to assess effects of size and age on all data. Nonparametric test of medians was conducted to evaluate the distribution of MBW-Kcal. As expected, caloric intake increased as size increased (P &amp;lt; 0.001); however, this effect was not attenuated by adjusting for MBW (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Mean MBW-Kcal was greater in small dogs than medium (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and large dogs (P = 0.031). The variance of MBW-Kcal in small dogs was greater than in large (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and medium dogs (P &amp;lt; 0.001), indicating that small dogs had a larger range in the distribution of caloric intake even when adjusted for MBW (Figure 1). Mean AF of small dogs (1.7) was also greater than large (1.5; P = 0.030) and medium dogs (1.5; P &amp;lt; 0.001), but the AF of medium and large dogs were similar (P = 0.650). MBW-kcal and AF were similar between small old and young dogs (P &amp;gt; 0.05). These data demonstrate that even when adjusted for MBW, small dogs may require more calories to maintain BW than their medium- and large-breed counterparts, and this increased caloric need appears to be sustained in both dmall young and old dogs. These results suggest that small breed dogs have different metabolic factors driving caloric needs compared with larger dogs and further emphasize that nutritional guidelines should be updated to better reflect the energy needs of small dogs across life stages.

Predicted heart mass based on ideal body weight for donor-to-recipient size matching.

Predicted heart mass (PHM) is a commonly used tool for donor-to-recipient size matching. However, incorporating body weight as part of PHM can be considered problematic given its high variability, and low metabolic nature of fat. We sought to assess whether substituting the actual donor and recipient weight with the ideal body weight (IBW) would affect the association of donor-to-recipient PHM ratio with 1-year and overall survival after heart transplantation. The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database was queried for adult patients who received a primary heart transplant between January 2000 and September 2021. Both PHM and ideal PHM (IPHM) ratios were associated with one-year (PHM: p=.003; IPHM: p=.0007) and overall (PHM: p = .02; IPHM: p=.02) survival. In the continuous analysis with restricted cubic splines, both PHM (p=.0003) and IPHM (p=.00001) were associated with relative hazards of death. IPHM is significantly associated with post-transplant survival and may be a useful compliment to PHM.

Fatphobia: the challenges of humanized care for patients with metabolically unhealthy obesity

Obesity is characterized by being a chronic disease deriving from the accumulation of excessive fat, used by the body as an energy reserve. It is determined by body mass index and, according to data collected from the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), there are over a billion obese people worldwide, of all age groups. Despite the high number, the fat body became the target of prejudice, directly reaching the self-image of the obese in a negative way. The demand for the "ideal body" has intensified, and with this situation, there has been a gradual growth by medical specialists. The lack of sensitivity of the professional in question allows discriminatory acts to occur in medical consultations. It is also observed the increase in mobilizations to combat obesity, where the fat person has the obligation to lose weight, discussing serious topics such as obesity and fat phobia, overcoming this theme. Thinking about it, this article sought to analyze how the management of care with obese people occurs and verify the ability of the newly graduated physician to conduct with empathy and professionalism the care of obese patients, preserving moral integrity, physical health and mental illness of the patient in the face of fat phobia. Thus, it was verified that the practice of medical fat phobia occurs in three categories being in the professional relationship in the infrastructure and in the diagnosis and treatment. It is of a lot of importance to stimulate doctor-patient empathy, as it encompasses the emotional, ethical, intellectual and behavioral, in addition to fostering relationship, trust and respect, generating a reciprocal connection that allows benefits, such as improvement and satisfaction in the results of the health treatments of this patient, being an essential conduct for the therapeutic plan

Vitamin D and hypophosphatemia in patients with anorexia nervosa and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: a case control study

BackgroundRefeeding hypophosphatemia (RH) is a common complication of nutritional restoration in malnourished individuals, yet clear risk stratification remains elusive. Individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) may be deficient in vitamin D, an important component of dietary phosphorus absorption in the gut. The relationship between vitamin D and RH in AN and ARFID is unknown. Therefore, the aims of this study were to (1) report rates of low serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D and RH in AN and ARFID; (2) describe associations between phosphorus and variables associated with RH identified in extant literature; (3) examine the relationship between 25-hydroxy vitamin D and RH and (4) investigate moderation by vitamin D between variables of interest and phosphorus level.MethodAnalyses included retrospective chart review of 307 individuals admitted to the ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders and Severe Malnutrition with a diagnosis of AN or ARFID. Variables of interest included admission laboratory values (vitamin D level, comprehensive metabolic panel, hemoglobin, point-of-care blood glucose), anthropometric measures (weight, body mass index [BMI], % ideal body weight [IBW]), age, duration of illness, length of stay, feeding method, and serum phosphorus nadir. Pearson and Spearman rank correlation, one-way ANOVA, and regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between variables and serum phosphorus.ResultsOver 1/3 of the sample (35.3%) had serum phosphorus levels ≤ 2.9 mg/dL. There were no significant differences between groups in phosphorus nadir (p = .17, η2 = 0.12) or hypophosphatemia (p = .16, ϕc = 0.11). Thirty-five (35%) of individuals with ARFID were either deficient or insufficient in vitamin D, compared to 29% of individuals with AN. Individuals with AN had significantly higher mean vitamin D levels compared to those with ARFID (p = .03; η2 = 0.015). Nadir phosphorus showed a positive association with weight, BMI, %IBW, potassium, and calcium on admission, and a negative association with length of stay, hemoglobin, and total number of tube-fed days. Higher levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D moderated the relationship between serum phosphorus nadir and weight on admission (p = .0004).ConclusionIndividuals diagnosed with ARFID are as nutritionally fragile as those with AN regarding vitamin D and RH. The negative feedback loop involving vitamin D that maintains phosphorus homeostasis may play a role in the development of RH in AN and ARFID.

Comparison of the tidal volume by the recruitment maneuver combined with positive end-expiratory pressure for mechanically ventilated children

The recruitment maneuver (RM) combined with PEEP to prevent atelectasis have beneficial effects. However, the change in tidal volume (VT) due to RM combined with PEEP in pediatric patients during the induction of general anesthesia is unknown. Therefore, we assessed the effects of RM combined with PEEP on VT. Pediatric patients were divided into three groups: infants, preschool children, and school children. The RM was performed by maintaining pressure control continuous mandatory ventilation (PC-CMV) with a 15 cmH2O and PEEP increase of 5 cmH2O. VT, respiratory function and hemodynamics were monitored before and after RM combined with PEEP. VT (mL) /ideal body weight (kg) before vs. after RM combined with PEEP were 9 vs 12 mL/kg (p < 0.05) in the infants, 9 vs 11 mL/kg (p < 0.05) in the preschool children, 8 vs 10 mL/kg (p < 0.05) in the school children, respectively. HR and BP before and after RM combined with PEEP increased by 2–3% and decreased by 4–7% in all groups. RM combined with PEEP resulted in an increase in VT per ideal body weight (1.1–1.2%). Therefore, this RM combined with PEEP method might improve the lung function in pediatric patients.

The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Improving Sleep Quality and Flexibility in Overweight Women in the Era of the Covid-19 Pandemic

This study aims to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on improving sleep quality and anxiety in overweight women in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Physical activity is needed following aerobic exercise To maintain body fitness and ideal body shape. This research is a single-group pretest-posttest experimental study. The subjects in this study were overweight women aged 25-55, with 47 respondents. The measurement instruments in this study were the PSQI and the Sit and Reach Test. The data analysis technique used the normality test with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the homogeneity test using the Levene test, and the significance test using a paired t-test. The results of the analysis of this study indicate that the results of the PSQI t-test (13.858) are greater than the t-table and the results of the t-count flexibility (-12.786), so aerobic exercise is effective in improving sleep quality and flexibility in overweight women in Purwokerto

The Effect of Nutrition Counseling with Animation Media about Obesity on Knowledge and Habits of Fast Food Consumption in Class VIII Obese Adolescents at SMP Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam

Obesity is a condition where a person has a body weight that is heavier than their ideal body weight. Excessive consumption of fast food can lead to obesity. Counseling using animated video media can increase knowledge about the importance of overcoming obesity. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of nutritional education using animation media on knowledge and fast food consumption habits and the incidence of obesity in adolescents. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam. The research period was carried out from July 2022 to June 2023 with quantitative methods using a Group Pre and Post Test design. Intervention in the form of counseling using animation media was given 3 times. The population in this study was class VIII, 319 students. The sample in this study was 32 obese students who met the criteria for being a sample. Data collection uses a questionnaire using a statistical test, namely the T-dependent test. The research results showed that the average knowledge of teenagers about obesity before counseling was 10.09, after being given counseling was 13.25. The average score for fast food consumption habits before being given counseling was 95.75, after being given counseling it was 88.09. The conclusion is that there was an influence of nutritional education using animation media on knowledge and fast food consumption habits with a value of p= 0.000. The school's suggestion is to encourage students to reduce consumption of fast food.

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy and Mortality in Critically Ill Obese Adults.

The outcomes of critically ill adults with obesity on continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) are poorly characterized. The impact of CRRT dose on these outcomes is uncertain. This study aimed to determine if obesity conferred a survival advantage for critically ill adults with acute kidney injury (AKI) on CRRT. Secondarily, we evaluated whether the dose of CRRT predicted mortality in this population. A retrospective, observational cohort study performed at an academic medical center in Minnesota. The study population included critically ill adults with AKI managed with CRRT. The primary outcome of 30-day mortality was compared between obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2) and nonobese (BMI < 30 kg/m2) patients. Multivariable regression assessed was used to assess CRRT dose as a predictor of outcomes. An analysis included dose indexed according to actual body weight (ABW), adjusted body weight (AdjBW), or ideal body weight (IBW). Among 1033 included patients, the median (interquartile range) BMI was 26 kg/m2 (23-28 kg/m2) in the nonobese group and 36 kg/m2 (32-41 kg/m2) in the obese group. Mortality was similar between groups at 30 days (54% vs. 48%; p = 0.06) but lower in the obese group at 90 days (62% vs. 55%; p = 0.02). CRRT dose predicted an increase in mortality when indexed according to ABW or AdjBW (hazard ratio [HR], 1.2-1.16) but not IBW (HR, 1.04). In critically ill adults with AKI requiring CRRT, short-term mortality appeared lower in obese patients compared with nonobese patients. Among weight calculations, IBW appears to be preferred to promote safe CRRT dosing in obese patients.

Interplay between oral health and lifestyle factors for cancer risk in rural and urban China: a population-based cohort study

BackgroundAlthough poor oral health and several lifestyle factors have been found to be associated with cancer risk, their joint relationship has rarely been studied. MethodsWe prospectively examined the associations of oral health and healthy lifestyle factors with cancer risk among 0.5 million rural and urban residents from the China Kadoorie Biobank (2004–2015). Oral health status was assessed from self-reported baseline questionnaires. A healthy lifestyle index comprising non-smoking, non-drinking, ideal body shape, physical activity and healthy diet was calculated for each participant, and categorized into favorable, intermediate and unfavorable lifestyle behavior. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) relating oral health and healthy lifestyle index to cancer risk using Cox proportional hazards models. We estimated the population attributable risk percent (PAR%) and 95% CIs using multivariate models. ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 9 years, 23,805 new cancer cases were documented, with 52% from rural areas and 48% from urban areas. Compared with those with good oral health and favorable lifestyle, participants with poor oral health and unfavorable lifestyle had a higher risk of developing cancer in both rural (adjusted HR, 1.55 [95% CI, 1.39–1.74]; P for trend < 0.001) and urban areas (adjusted HR, 1.44 [95% CI, 1.24–1.67]; P for trend < 0.001). A significant multiplicative interaction between oral health and healthy lifestyle index on cancer risk was found in rural residents (P for interaction = 0.004) rather than in urban residents (P for interaction = 0.973). Assuming poor oral health as an additional risk factor, the PAR% of total cancer increased by 3.0% and 1.1% for participants with intermediate lifestyle and unfavorable lifestyle, respectively. ConclusionsThese findings suggest a joint effect of oral health and common lifestyle factors on cancer risk. Promotion of healthy lifestyle by integration of good oral health would be beneficial to consider in cancer prevention strategies.

The ability of the geriatric nutritional risk index to predict the risk of heart diseases in Korean adults: a Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study cohort

IntroductionThe predictive ability of nutritional risk index on cardiovascular outcomes in middle-aged and non-hospitalized adults has not yet been reported. This study investigated whether the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), an index for assessing the risk of developing malnutrition, could predict heart disease in middle-aged Korean adults.MethodsThe cohort used in this study consisted of 3,783 participants selected from 10,030 Korean adults who participated in the Ansan-Ansung cohort study as part of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. The GNRI was determined based on serum albumin level, proportion of current weight, and ideal body weight. Participants were then divided into two groups: GNRI ≤98 and &amp;gt; 98, which corresponded to the risk of malnutrition and normal, respectively. The major outcome of this study was coronary artery disease (CAD) or congestive heart failure (CHF) during a 15-year-follow period.ResultsDuring the follow-up period spanning 2004–2018, 136 events of heart disease occurred. Using a Kaplan–Meier analysis, event-free rates were found to be associated with 90.5% on a GNRI ≤98 and 96.6% on a GNRI &amp;gt;98 (p &amp;lt; 0.0009). GNRI ≤98 showed a 3.2-fold (hazard ratio, 3.22; 95% credit interval, 1.49–6.96; p = 0.0029) increase in the incidence of heart disease, including CAD or CHF, compared with GNRI &amp;gt;98, after controlling for potential confounders.ConclusionMalnutrition risk confers a significantly increased risk for heart disease in middle-aged Koreans. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to verify the efficacy of the GNRI in predicting disease risk in adults with pre-disease.