Ideal Body Shape Research Articles

The risk of exercise addiction mediates the relationship between social media use and mental health indices among young Iranians

Exposure to social media can motivate some individuals’ desire to be thinner and to attain an ideal body shape. This may also motivate a minority of individuals to engage in extreme exercise. Moreover, both problematic social media use and problematic exercise can have detrimental effects on mental health. A community sample of Iranian adolescents (n = 562; mean age = 14.95 years [SD ± 1.70]; 62.5% female) and young adults (n = 745; mean age = 26.19 years [SD ± 7.42]; 60.5% female) participated in an online survey designed to evaluate the mediating role of exercise addiction in the relationship between problematic social media use and mental health consequences. Results indicated that 2.7% of adolescents and 4.4% of young adults were at risk for exercise addiction. After controlling for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and educational attainment level, the results indicated that problematic social media use significantly predicted exercise addiction. Among both adolescents and adults, exercise addiction significantly mediated the association between problematic social media use and mental health consequences including psychological distress (β s = 0.06–0.12), insomnia (β s = 0.07–0.09), body image concern (β s = 0.19–0.10), and compulsive eating (β s = 0.06–0.07). Given that exercise addiction mediated the relationship between problematic social media use and mental health consequences, it is recommended that public health campaigns are needed for Iranian adolescents and young adults to raise their awareness about the potentially detrimental health consequences in relation to problematic social media use and exercise addiction. The findings suggest a need for an additional cross-cultural study examining the effect of social media on exercise addiction, in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding to help in terms of prevention and intervention for adolescents and emerging adults both in and outside of Iran.

Medium Effect Size: Korelasi Internalisasi Bentuk Tubuh Ideal dari Media dan Drive for Thinness

The purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of internalizing ideal body portrayed by media to drive for thinness. Previous researches directly estimate effect size of mass media exposure to body dissatisfaction with the result of small effect size. This meta-analysis considers cognitive dimension in body image evaluation which individuals do, and thus taking ideal body internalization after mass media exposure as one of the variables and analyze the effect size of this variable to drive for thinness. The articles used in this research are taken from ScienceDirect, Psychnet, Springer, Willey Library, Frontiers in Psychology, and Sage Journals database. Several inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, resulting in 16 articles to be analyzed further. From 16 studies with the total of 5,042 participants, it was found that internalization of ideal body shape affected by mass media contributes medium effect size (r = 0.5) to drive for thinness, which means internalization of ideal body image from mass media only affect drive for thinness moderately. The data used heterogene with no publication bias. It can be concluded that internalization of ideal body image from media is not the only factor which causes drive for thinness. Gender, cultural background, age, and internal factors like self-concept and conformity also contribute to the development of drive for thinness within individuals.

Sociocultural drivers of body image and eating disorder risk in rural Nicaraguan women

ObjectiveTechnological and economic globalisation has been suggested as a cause of increasing rates of body dissatisfaction and eating disorders globally, especially as regards the impact of mass media on internalised body ideals. This process is rarely observed in action, however. The current work investigates multiple aspects of body ideals, body image, sociocultural attitudes and eating attitudes in 62 Creole and Mestizo women living in communities at differing stages of technological development on the Caribbean coast of NicaraguaMethod/resultsIn Study 1, women used 3D avatar software to create their own ‘ideal’ body without the constraints of ready-made stimuli. Analyses of resulting avatars showed that components of the ideal body shape (upper and lower body curvaceousness) but not body size (body mass) were associated with levels of film and television consumption. In Study 2, women completed measures of variables in the sociocultural model of eating disorder risk. As expected, body dissatisfaction mediated the relationship between internalisation of sociocultural body ideals and pathological eating attitudes. In contrast, body appreciation reduced pathological eating attitudes, via reduced body dissatisfaction. Finally, Study 3 measured sociocultural influences, body image and eating attitudes at 2 or 3 timepoints per woman; body dissatisfaction covaried with pathological eating attitudes across time. Ethnicity varied in its effects across studies.DiscussionTogether these data show that even at early stages of media acculturation, women may show similar patterns of association between sociocultural internalisation, body dissatisfaction and eating disorder risk as in high income nations. However, they also demonstrate unique aspects of this population’s body shape ideals, and the independent protective effect of body appreciation.

The Correlation Between Using Instagram and Body Image at Sman 7 Pekanbaru

Instagram is a social media that focuses on sharing photos that are widely used by teenagers in interpreting their self-image. Posting photos wants others to see that they are a perfect figure with an ideal body shape and a dream for every teenager. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between the use of Instagram on body image in adolescents. This research was quantitative research with a correlation design that employed cross-sectional. The analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis using chi-square. The study was conducted from May 2018 at SMAN 7 Pekanbaru with a total of 153 teenagers as respondents. The results conclude that there is no correlation between the use of Instagram on body image seen from the p-value of 0.962 (> 0.05). With this research, it is hoped that the correlation between Instagram use and adolescent body image will be used as input for coaching and as a reference for further research.

Assessment of knowledge, perception, attitude, and use of performance-enhancing substances among students of Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt: a pilot study

BackgroundThe market for performance enhancement substances (PESs) is currently one of the fastest expanding sectors. Most studies have always concentrated on athletes in terms of PESs’ misuse, ignoring a critical segment of the community: the future health-care workers. Thus, the aim of the study was to probe the knowledge, perception, and attitude of medical students regarding the misuse of PESs in sports and medical academic study. A cross-sectional study was conducted among students of Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Egypt. Data were collected via self-administered electronic survey from 208 students of both sexes (aged from 18 to 26 years old). Analysis of factors affecting the consumption of PESs like gender differences, and their prior knowledge and perception was performed using logistic regression models.ResultsMore than half of the participants have no idea about law concerning the use of doping substances. There were no significant disparities in knowledge and perception between males and females. Female students, on the other hand, consistently reported having a better understanding of the negative impacts of PESs’ misuse. Surprisingly, females are more prone to consume PESs for cognitive enhancement rather than the physical performance.ConclusionsThe study is the first to explore the awareness of the medical students, their attitude, and perception towards different ethical scenarios confronted in the daily practice. This finding pinpoints that the common trend of striving for fitness and an ideal body shape and weight has produced a shift in the prevalence of the PESs use according to gender in Egypt. Moreover, females in medicine academics are more prone to use PESs to improve the cognitive functions albeit it is nonsignificant statistically. Therefore, efforts should be directed to raise the awareness of medical practitioners of diverse categories of these substances, health hazards, laws, and penalties. More importantly, policy measures for their production, marketing, and misuse among university students should be reconsidered by the government.

Post-Bariatric Plastic Surgery: Abdominoplasty, the State of the Art in Body Contouring.

Due to the increased prevalence of obesity in the last decades, bariatric surgery has been on the rise in recent years. Bariatric surgery is a compelling option for weight loss in obese patients with severe obesity-related comorbidities or for whom lifestyle modifications have proven ineffective. Redundant skin following significant weight loss is a common occurrence affecting up to 96% of patients who undergo bariatric surgery, negatively impacting physical and psychosocial health and detracting from activities of daily living. Statistics of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons show that 46,577 body contouring procedures were performed after massive weight loss in the USA in a 2020 report. Abdominoplasty, a well-established cosmetic surgery procedure for improving body contour, is performed by removing excess skin and fat from the abdominal wall and thereby restoring musculofascial integrity and skin elasticity, resulting in a more ideal body shape and increasing quality of life. Although abdominoplasty is a safe procedure, it has been associated with a higher complication rate compared with other body-contouring procedures. Technologic advances over the past decade have been developed as non-invasive alternatives or adjunctive tools to surgery to enhance cosmetic results and minimize complications. New energy-based technologies may supplant invasive surgery for mild to moderate skin laxity and/or diminish the extent of surgery and resulting scars. Plastic surgeons play a significant role in improving the quality of life of patients who suffer from obesity and underwent bariatric surgery. We are deeply convinced, however, that the advancement of knowledge and research in this field will determine the introduction of new technologies and custom-made techniques. This advancement will reduce the complication rate with a rapid reintegration of the patient into the world of work and resumption of daily activities.

Hubungan citra tubuh dengan gangguan makan pada remaja awal di Wilayah kerja Puskesmas Gamping 2 Sleman Yogyakarta

Increased awareness of body image images occurs in early adolescence. The majority of early adolescence are dissatisfied with their appearance. This is due to the changes that occur during puberty. Changes that occur are an increase in body fat, which can cause adolescents to control their body weight to get the ideal body shape. The aim of this study is to correlate between body image and eating disorders in early adolescents in the working area of ​​ Gamping 2 Public Health Center. This study used a cross-sectional approach. A total sample of 110 respondents was selected by convenience sampling technique. The inclusion criteria for this study were early adolescents aged 12-15 years with a Body Mass Index range of values ​​<17-25.0 or very thin to normal categories. While the exclusion criteria were adolescents who went on a diet because they suffered from illness, had digestive disorders with drastic weight loss for six months, and adolescents with a diagnosis of mental disorders. The research instrument was The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scales (MBSRQ-AS) and the Eating Attitudes Test© (EAT-26) questionnaire. Data analysis used the Gamma correlation test. Based on the study, the result showed that there were any correlation between body image and eating disorders in early adolescents in the working area of ​​Gamping 2 Public Health Center, Sleman Yogyakarta, with a p-value of 0.00 (p>0.05) and a correlation value of 0.848. It means that they had strong correlation between body image and eating disorders in adolescents

The effects of media and peers on negative body image among Chinese college students: a chained indirect influence model of appearance comparison and internalization of the thin ideal

BackgroundNegative body image is a common psychological phenomenon among Chinese college students meriting investigation. Peers and the media are important factors that negatively influence body image. This study explored the mechanisms of media and peers promoting negative body image among Chinese college students.MethodData from 407 college students (173 men and 234 women) were collected using the Revised Social and Cultural Attitude Questionnaire of Appearance, Appearance Comparison Scale, Peer Impact Scale, and Negative Body Image Scale.ResultsCorrelational analysis results demonstrated that media attention was not significantly correlated with negative body image. All other variables were significantly positively correlated. Path analysis results indicated that the direct effect of media attention on negative body image was not significant, while the direct effect of peer impact was significant. In addition, appearance comparison and internalization of the thin ideal acted as a chained indirect effect between negative body image, media attention, and peer impact.ConclusionsThe research revealed that focusing on perfect bodies displayed in the media did not produce a negative body image. However, focusing on the media and peer conversations regarding the body caused the participants to compare appearances and internalize ideal body shape standards, leading to negative self-evaluations.

Factors Associated with Underweight, Overweight, and Eating Disorders in Young Korean Women: A Population-Based Study.

Both underweight (UW) and overweight (OW) conditions are problematic in young women. The aim of this study was to examine the factors associated with extreme weight status and eating disorders (EDs) in young Korean women. A total of 808 women (mean age 22.3 ± 3.4 years) participated, including 144 with UW [Body Mass Index (BMI) < 18.5kg/m2], 364 with NW, and 137 with OW or obesity (BMI ≥ 25kg/m2), and 63 patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and 100 with bulimia nervosa (BN). Participants completed questionnaires regarding nutrients consumed, eating behaviors, health behaviors, body image, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms with face to face interviews. The associations between the status of participants and the data were analyzed with NW group as a reference. OW status was associated with overeating and with frequent eating. UW status was associated with less frequent overeating and with longer sleep duration. AN status was associated with less frequent consumption of alcohol. BN status was associated with a larger discrepancy between the ideal and current body shape. Both OW status and BN were associated with more obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The results suggested that certain dietary, health, and psychological factors are associated with extreme weight conditions and EDs.

Using Illicit Drugs to Lose Weight among Recovering Female Drug Users in China: An Exploratory Qualitative Study.

The population of female drug users has been growing in China, and these women have been found to care deeply about their weight. Against this backdrop, this study examines the relationship between Chinese women’s illicit drug use and their intentions to lose weight, keep fit, and maintain a slim body shape. The participants of this study were 29 women who all had experience with illicit drug use for weight control. These women were drawn from a female compulsory drug treatment center located in eastern China. Semi-structured interviews with these 29 participants were conducted between 2013 and 2016. Expectations of losing weight and pursuing their ideal slim body shape were found to be an important reason for the study participants’ initiation of drug use, its maintenance, and failures to achieve abstinence. These Chinese female drug users were generally satisfied with weight loss outcomes subsequent to drug consumption. A fuller appreciation of Chinese women’s weight-loss-related illicit drug use patterns is much needed to help devise strategies and policies to deal with this growing problem. These include changing the dominant aesthetic cultural preference for thinness, paying particular attention to the functional use of illicit drugs in drug treatment programs, and having special interventions for women who interact with drug users within their social networks.

Representation of Fat Women in Wolipop.detik.com and Liputan6.com: A Sara Mill's Analysis Perspective

Having an ideal body is a common opinion and stereotype of women's society. They are competing to achieve it all because it is also supported by the depiction of the massive mass media with advertisements that place beautiful and slim women as actors. However, on the other hand, not all women have an ideal body shape like fat women who always get unfair behavior from the dominant society. They become a subculture group that must fight against negative stigma to get justice. It is rare for women to be portrayed positively by the mass media. Using Sara Mills' critical discourse analysis, the writer wants to see how the representation of fat women at Wolipop.detik.com and Liputan6.com online media through three articles selected from each. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach. The results show that these two media put writer-reader positions in place that see obese women as a subculture group struggling in the dominant society. However, many are brave enough to speak up nowadays, especially on social media. Wolipop.detik.com places more obese women as subjects, while for Liputan6.com women are told more as objects. These two media are still lack of Indonesian fat women positive stories, meaning that they still adhere to the dominant discourse and values.

INTERPRETASI MAKNA CANTIK DI KALANGAN MAHASISWA DALAM PERSFEKTIF FENOMENOLOGI SOSIAL

Abstract : Beauty is the most beautiful gift that God gives to every woman, how to care for it is also a nature that cannot be separated from the discussion of women, especially in the current millennial era. Beauty for the perception of many women can be relative and difficult to describe, but its meaning can be seen in different perspectives. This study aims to reveal what the meaning of beauty looks like for students of the IAIN Metro Social Studies Department, because based on the author's observations it is found that there are differences in perceptions in terms of interpreting beauty which tend to be seen from appearance so that students try to look beautiful by wearing make-up on campus so that beauty becomes a necessity of social recognition, appreciation and self-actualization. This study was analyzed using the theory of Phenomenology by Alfred Schutz. This study uses a qualitative research method with a phenomenological study approach. The results showed that there were various perceptions of the meaning of beauty for each student, especially Tadris IPS IAIN Metro students in interpreting beauty which tended to be objective in terms of: (1) ideal body shape (2) white and bright skin (3) attractive (outer beauty) rather than subjective meaning as seen from (1) Intellectual Intelligence (2) Emotional Intelligence (3) Spiritual Intelligence (Inner Beauty). The meaning of beauty for students is very diverse, every effort is made to meet certain beauty standards because then they will be more confident, get praise and attention and feel welcomed in a social environment.

Exercising With a Six Pack in Virtual Reality: Examining the Proteus Effect of Avatar Body Shape and Sex on Self-Efficacy for Core-Muscle Exercise, Self-Concept of Body Shape, and Actual Physical Activity.

This study investigates the Proteus effect from the first-person perspective and during avatar embodiment in actual exercise. In addition to the immediate measurements of the Proteus effect, prolonged effects such as next-day perception and exercise-related outcomes are also explored. We theorized the Proteus effect as altered perceived self-concept and explored the association between virtual reality (VR) avatar manipulation and self-concept in the exercise context. While existing studies have mainly investigated the Proteus effect in a non-VR environment or after VR embodiment, we aim to contribute to the literature by addressing this concern to explore how the Proteus effect works in actual VR exercise. Through a 2 (avatar body shape: with a six pack vs. normal) × 2 (sex: male vs. female) between-subject experiment, the results partially support the Proteus effect. Regarding actual physical activity, embodying an avatar with a six pack during exercise creates fewer body movements. No significant effect was found for perceived exertion. We also explored the role of sex as a potential moderator in the association of the Proteus effect on exercise outcomes. The Proteus effect was supported by immediate and next-day self-efficacy for core-muscle exercise only among female participants. The between-subject design allowed us to probe how avatar manipulation of muscular body shape with a six pack as opposed to normal body shape influences participants’ self-concept and exercise outcomes, as limited VR studies have employed within-subject comparisons. This also contributes to the literature by providing an upward comparison (e.g., muscular with a six pack vs. normal) as opposed to the previous downward comparison regarding body fitness (e.g., normal vs. obese). The overall results supported the Proteus effect in the context of core-muscle exercise when comparing normal and ideal body shape avatars. However, the Proteus effect as an altered self-concept and its effects on self-efficacy for exercise were supported among females but not males. Whereas the female participants who embodied avatars with a six pack associated themselves more with the muscular concept than other people, the male participants who embodied avatars with a six pack perceived themselves as more normal than others. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Population Dynamics of Bullet Tuna (Auxis rochei Risso 1881) from the Indian Ocean, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Highlight Research:The bullet tuna (Auxis rochei) was identified and analysed.The length at first maturity (Lm) of bullet tuna (Auxis rochei) was analyzedThe eligibility status of bullet tuna (Auxis rochei) has been analyzed and estimatedThe LWR curve can be used to estimate age groups of fish compared to the sigmoid curveThe CF cannot be automatically used to estimate fish worth selling AbstractThe bullet tuna (Auxis rochei), BLT or tongkol lisong (Indonesian) is a species of neritic tuna which is one of the target fish for small scale fishers. The problem of bullet tuna fisheries was that it has reached overexploitation and the immature bullet tuna are still caught. This study aimed to assess the population dynamics of the BLT and its size composition caught by small scale fishers in the Indian Ocean, West Nusa Tenggara area was carried out in Bangko-Bangko (West Lombok), Cemplung Beach (South Sumbawa) and Tanjung Luar Fishing Port (East Lombok) between July 2019 and June 2020. The data was derived from the measurement and weighing results of 1,217 BLT collected from the respective collector traders at each sampling location. The growth pattern of BLT was isometric () which meant the ideal body shape (mesomorph) and length at first maturity (FLm) was 31.11 cm. The length-weight relationship curve showed that BLT was in an immature age group (adolescent fish). Meanwhile, the composition of BLT is worth selling (Condition Factor &gt; 1.00), fit for catch (FLc / FLm &gt; 1.00) and worthy of maturity (FLc &gt; FLm), respectively 99.92%, 0.82% and 0.00%. The BLT fish composition indicates that the stocks of resources and populations do not support current sustainable fisheries management.

Body Image and Disturbed Eating Attitudes Among Adolescents

Among all the psychiatric conditions, eating disorders has the highest mortality rates and most of the sufferers are adolescents. As the standards for beauty and attraction are changing and creating a bigger gap between actual and ideal body images resulting in dissatisfied, striving individuals to attain ideal body weight and shape. The current study is intended to explore the impact of closely related but discrete aspects of body image on disturbed eating attitudes among adolescents in Pakistan. Schools and universities were selected through convenient sampling, based on cross sectional research study involved 300 students of 15-20 years (M = 17.23, SD = 1.42) who completed the Eating Attitudes Test and Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaires. Analyses revealed that the adolescents with disturbed eating attitudes had scored significantly more on cognitive and affective components of body image that is overweight preoccupation and dissatisfaction with their body parts when compared to adolescents with normal eating patterns. Findings of this study are consistent with the existing literature in western culture that suggests that Preoccupation with weight and shape and body dissatisfaction is a risk factor for disturbed eating attitudes among adolescents.

Designing for Curves

Designing for Curves

Internalized Weight Stigma, Psychological Well-Being, and Sleep in Women.

Many women internalize negative attitudes regarding body shape and size because of the societal standards for women's ideal body shapes and sizes. Internalized weight stigma is related to poorer physical and psychological health. A growing body of research has documented the links between other forms of internalized stigma (e.g., HIV-stigma) and poor sleep quality; however, little research examines the links between internalized weight stigma and sleep or the mechanisms that explain this relationship. Internalized weight stigma may be associated with poor sleep through increases in psychological distress. This study hypothesized that the links between internalized weight stigma and sleep would be mediated by higher levels of depression and anxiety. About 257 women were recruited via social media, word of mouth, and an undergraduate participant pool. Participants completed an online survey assessing various aspects of weight stigma and health through self-report questionnaires. Most women were non-Hispanic White (86.8%) and had a mean age of 31.40. The indirect effects of internalized weight stigma on poorer global sleep quality and daily disturbances through depression and anxiety were significant. In contrast, depressive symptoms but not anxiety explained the links between internalized weight stigma and perceived sleep quality and neither depressive symptoms nor anxiety explained the link between internalized weight stigma and sleep efficiency. Internalized weight stigma is linked to poorer sleep quality, and these links may be explained by psychological well-being. Understanding the mechanisms by which internalized weight stigma is associated with sleep quality can inform the psychological interventions employed.

Internalization of body shape ideals and body dissatisfaction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The present meta-analysis summarizes existing evidence on the relationship between the internalization of body shape ideals (IBSI) and body dissatisfaction. Pooled effect sizes (r) were computed using a random-effects model. The robustness of the results was examined using influence analyses. Potential predictors of effect heterogeneity were examined using subgroup analysis and univariable/multivariable meta-regressions. Publication bias was examined using the three-parameter selection model (3PSM). A total of 141 effect-sizes from 78 studies (N=39,491) were retrieved. Results revealed medium (r=.25; muscular/athletic-ideal internalization) to very large (r=.43, general attractiveness-ideal internalization; and r=.45, thin-ideal internalization) relationships, all these being largely similar in male and female individuals. IBSI and body dissatisfaction were strongly linked: (a) in younger individuals (general attractiveness-ideal internalization); (b) when IBSI was operationalized in terms of endorsement rather than mere awareness of appearance ideals; (c) in studies of lower methodological quality (muscular/athletic-ideal internalization); and (d) when IBSI was assessed using instruments involving social comparisons. Given the largely cross-sectional nature of data included in this meta-analysis, further testing in prospective and experimental studies is needed to confirm hypotheses about causality of observed associations. Such findings would have impact for prevention and intervention studies.

Pengaruh Socio-cultural Influences dan Self-Compassion terhadap Apresiasi Tubuh Wanita: Social Appearance Comparison sebagai Mediator

Self-image in general is an important part of humans. Having an ideal body shape according to the perceptions and norms that develop in society is usually a standard condition to be considered to be attractive. Self-image view is closely related to body image; mental picture of a person, cognitive and emotional assessments of himself, and approximately other people's judgments about the shape and size of his body. A positive body image is a multifaceted construct that is not simple so that it is not only a target of self-criticism but also an attitude of respect and self-acceptance which is called body appreciation. The purpose of this study was to find out the role of sociocultural influences and self-compassion on individual body appreciation and the presumption of the role of social appearance comparison variables as mediators between self-compassion and body appreciation. Participant were individuals aged 20-40 years consisting of 84 women. This research was conducted using multiple regression analysis. The results of the analysis, self-compassion contributed 21.7% to body appreciation and the proof of social appearance comparison mediated partially the relationship between self-compassion and body appreciation.

CONSTRUCTION OF MASCULINITY THROUGH BODYBUILDING A QUALITATIVE STUDY

The body is a factor that makes men feel masculine and the role of the body in the construction of masculinity is undeniable. Bodybuilding has many features that are associated with masculinity such as performance, strength, muscular appearance, endurance. To determine how male bodybuilding athletes construct masculinity through the body that they build and whether choosing this sport has meaning in terms of masculinity. Data were collected by focus group interview with a social constructional stance. The participants of the study were 4 elite male bodybuilding athletes. Participants were joined the common discourse that the ideal male body is more muscular and bulky and bulky body is frightening so the aim of bodybuilding is being more muscular and bulky for them. Bodybuilding is thought as an area that masculinity can be constructed and they were evaluate their new bodies as a factor of respect and power. Bodybuilding is represents the strength, power, and competence characteristics associated with masculinity, and is considered to be an area that men can build a muscular appearance that is the ideal body shape. In other words, through bodybuilding they use their bodies to construct masculinity.