Psychological Ideas Research Articles

Векторы социальной психологии: опережая время (к 100-летию со дня рождения Галины Михайловны Андреевой)

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective.</strong> Analysis of the main methodological and theoretical directions in social psychology developed by Professor Galina Mikhailovna Andreyeva, one of the founders of Russian social psychology; consideration of the key problems of modern social psychology. <br><strong>Background. </strong>The vectors of scientific knowledge identified by G.M. Andreyeva and the problems she developed in the field of social psychology have become general methodological principles in various fields of psychological science. Among them there are the problems of joint activity and communication, which have become the basis for the study of social groups and personality. A fundamental principle of the new paradigm of social psychology offered by G.M. Andreyeva, – the issues of the influence of the social context and the influence of social changes on the formation (construction) of a person's world image and his social behavior. Significant moments in the field of social cognition created by G.M. Andreyeva are highlighted. The potential of her main ideas in modern psychology is shown. The main biographical data of Galina Andreyeva are presented, showing her life path and significant for the creation of the G.M. Andreyeva School of Social Psychology at Moscow University. <br><strong>Methodology.</strong> The article uses methods of deductive analysis; methods of historical and psychological hermeneutics. <br><strong>Conclusions.</strong> The main scientific ideas of G.M. Andreeva not only became the theoretical and methodological basis for understanding and explaining the fundamental problems of socio-psychological knowledge, but also made a huge contribution to understanding the ongoing social changes.</p>

PSYCHOLOGICAL METHODOLOGY OF CRIME DETECTION (ZIGMUND FREUD ON CRIME)

Sigmund Freud is recognized worldwide as the original psychoanalyst founded to form theories and concepts surrounding the existence of mental illness and its nature in relation to human behavior. Throughout his psychological and psychoanalytic studies, Freud concluded that behavior can be explained through the investigation of one's experiences and traumas by accounting for the motivation of a person's actions. Interpretation of his findings concluded that a person can adapt his/her behavior from childhood experiences to become part of the hidden state of consciousness He studied unobservable behaviors, parts of personality that are not clearly visible within one's nature and at a basic level, cannot be explained. In 1923, Freud created a psychological idea or theory that the human mind had three elements that conceptually make up the "Psyche". The Id (instincts), Ego (reality), and Superego (morality) are not tangible physical areas within the brain, but rather entities that Freud concluded make up the human personality. What Freud called the "psychic apparatus," three elements of the human personality are now established as the unconscious level that dictates biological desires and instincts. Psychoanalytic criminology is a method of studying crime and criminal behavior that is based on Freudian psychoanalysis. This theory or school of thought examines the personality and psyche (especially the unconscious) for motive in crime. Other areas of interest are fear of crime and the act of punishment. Criminal behavior is attributed to maladjustment and dysfunctional personality. According to Buhagiar, "psychoanalytic criminologists were not against the principle of solitary confinement and often favored increased punishment."

Morality and political economy from the vantage point of economics.

Political disagreement is increasingly moral, rather than economic, in nature, raising the question how the fields of political economy and moral psychology relate to each other. While these disciplines were initially deeply intertwined, cross-disciplinary exchange became rare throughout the 20th century. More recently, the tide has shifted again-social scientists of different backgrounds recognized that morality and politico-economic outcomes influence each other in rich bidirectional ways. Because psychologists and economists possess distinct and complementary skill sets, part of this movement consists of productive "economic imperialism"-economists leveraging their empirical toolkit to test and substantiate theories from moral psychology at scale or in the wild. To illustrate this, I present two case studies of recent economics research on prominent ideas in moral psychology. First is the theory that morality is ultimately functional-that it evolved as a form of "psychological and biological police" to enforce cooperation, such as in economic production and exchange. Second is that the structure of morality shapes political views and polarization, including on economic issues such as taxation and redistribution. I conclude from these case studies that economists have much to gain from integrating more ideas from moral psychology, and that moral psychologists will be able to make an even more compelling case if they engage with research in economics.

Practical and empirical cognition of the cognitive self

This paper explores the different ways in which knowledge of ourselves as cognizers depends on the transcendental unity of apperception. First, since all cognition requires the transcendental unity of apperception, so does empirical knowledge of ourselves as cognizers. Second, since empirical cognizers are cognizers, they must possess the unity of self-consciousness required for cognition. Third, empirical psychology needs an object and the transcendental unity of apperception makes it possible to attach ‘I-think’ to representations of the empirical world, thereby supplying psychological states, such as ‘I think that bodies are heavy,’ to be studied. Finally, the Psychological Idea through which psychology is made systematic gets it first principle from the necessary unity of apperception.

Turtle Island Indigenous Psychologies

This paper explores Indigenous psychology as a radical alternative to modern theories of psychology. I explain and define Western psychology as a dominating force which overshadows other psychological approaches. I then explore cross-cultural and previous ideas of Indigenous psychology as subsections of Western psychology. I explain that cross-cultural and Indigenous psychology are no different than Western psychology as they rely heavily on abstract, fixed meanings. Cultural psychology provides a radical approach which invites an Indigenous psychology based on a genuine understanding of Indigenous practices. I explore Turtle Island Indigenous Psychologies (TIIP) as local, interrelated, oral, ceremonial, and medicinal or healing. I then use TIIP as a radical perspective to critique the colonial or tautological approaches dominating Western psychology. I offer TIIP as a genuine, radical opposition to Western psychology which can only be used from a place of comprehensive understanding.

A comprehensive analysis of presence, seamlessness, and player responses in metaverse gaming

This study delves into the complex world of gaming metaverses to explore the psychological factors shaping user experience and engagement. Amidst increasing interest in virtual gaming worlds, it examines the roles of presence, seamlessness, and psychological responses in influencing user satisfaction and continuance intention. Utilizing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the research analyzes responses from 273 gaming metaverse users. The results highlight that presence significantly boosts vicarious satisfaction, escapism, and self-expression. While seamlessness enhances vicarious satisfaction, it doesn't markedly affect escapism or self-expression. Vicarious satisfaction contributes to hedonic benefits, albeit not to immersion. Both escapism and self-expression positively influence hedonic benefits and immersion. Hedonic benefits positively impact immersiona, satisfaction, and continuance intention. Immersion directly affects satisfaction and indirectly influences continuance intention through satisfaction. These findings challenge established ideas in gaming psychology and provide actionable insights for metaverse developers, emphasizing the importance of balanced game design for optimal user engagement and satisfaction. The research lays the groundwork for further studies, particularly in qualitative analysis and specific gaming genres.

UNDERSTANDING POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY THROUGH THE LENS OF INDIAN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM: INSIGHTS FROM SHRIMAD BHAGAVAD GITA

In todays educational landscape, where academic success shapes the future of the learners, the intense competition for excellence often pushes them into the dark realm of anxiety and depression. This struggle results in isolation, identity crisis and gives birth to various health issues such as hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular disorders and heightened aggression. Positive Psychology is a branch of psychology that emphasises on the importance of cultivating positive emotions such as joy, gratitude and contentment. It focuses on leveraging personal strengths and mental resilience to help individuals cope with lifes challenges more effectively. Bhagavad Gita holds an important place in Indian knowledge system as its timeless wisdom has guided the people over centuries. What positive psychology says today was said long back by Sri Krishna on the battlefield of Kurukshetra to bring Arjuna out of sadness and confusion and prepare him for the war. Through this paper, an humble attempt has been made to explore the ideas of positive psychology from the perspective of Bhagavad Gita. KEYWORDS: Shrimad Bhagavad Gita, Positive Psychology, Indian knowledge system, Stress Management, School Education.

Shaping Language Pedagogy: The Impact of Linguistics, Psychology, and Sociology from the 1880s to the 1980s

The time frame from the 1880s to the 1980s represents a crucial era where foundational ideas in linguistics, psychology, and sociology were established. Major developments in these fields such as the emergence of modern linguistics, establishment of psychology as a distinct scientific discipline, Durkheim’s concept of collective consciousness and societal nature of beliefs, two world wars, and geopolitical changes greatly influenced language teaching methodologies and theories during this time. The impact of these events resulted in changes within school systems, prompting ministries of education to take administrative measures. It also gave rise to the establishment of new organizations like the International Phonetic Association (IPA) and associations for language teachers. The research aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the interconnectedness of linguistics, psychology, and sociology in molding language pedagogy during a crucial period in its historical development. The intersection of these disciplines sheds light on shaping language teaching methodologies and theories, offering insights for educators, researchers, and policymakers in the field of language education.

Kant's mature account of monads as objects in the idea

AbstractIn On a Discovery, Kant depicts monads as simple beings that are thought in the idea as the ground of appearances. He argues that his account of monads is partially in line with both Leibniz's monadology and his own critical philosophy. However, in the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant appears to depart from the monadologies of his predecessors. In this article, I make sense of Kant's late subscription to a version of Leibniz's monadology by arguing that Kant considers monads to be the objects represented through cosmological and psychological ideas posited by reason in its search for the unconditioned conditions of appearances. In particular, I point to what I take to be two instances of what Kant calls “objects in the idea” in the Critique of Pure Reason, namely (a) the substratum of matter qua ground of external appearances, and (b) the soul qua ground of internal appearances. Drawing on Kant's reply to Eberhard and the Transcendental Dialectic of the first Critique, I highlight the merely regulative—and yet fundamental—role that monads conceived as objects of reason play in Kant's critical philosophy.

About the same thing in a different way: wording and experienced emotions in the understanding of official letters

Abstract Reading official letters and being able to react to them appropriately is part of the daily life of every adult in many countries. Although the history of the plain language movement dates to the past century, it is only now that efforts are being made in Poland to adapt official documents to their audience. In this paper, we describe the results of a study (N = 685) in which we examined how particular linguistic forms and text structure affect the reception of an official-looking text – comprehension as well as emotions experienced, trust in the office, feelings of helplessness in the situation of reading the writing, and many other variables. Based on Imbir’s (2016, New Ideas in Psychology, 43, 39–49), two-system theory of emotions, we aim to examine how emotions – triggered by these complex stimuli – affect their processing. We hope that the results of our interdisciplinary research will answer the questions and hypotheses posed by researchers and find application in the reforms currently underway. We believe that by linking findings from cognitive psychology, the psychology of emotions and linguistics, we will also expand knowledge in the broad discussion on overcoming barriers between administrative offices and target audiences.

Café Therapy: Integrating Mental Health Care with Organizational Resilience

Café Therapy is a novel technique that blends the convenience of coffee shop settings with counseling and therapy services, with the goal of making mental health care more accessible and stigma-free. Café Therapy not only creates additional money but also lowers barriers to getting treatment and builds social resilience through community ties by integrating mental health services into a popular and friendly coffee shop setting. This novel idea is consistent with community psychology ideas, emphasizing the need of addressing social concerns and developing support networks. Café Therapy intends to improve its effectiveness and scalability through in-depth interviews, observations, and literature research, ultimately enhancing mental health outcomes and community resilience. Café Therapy creates a holistic and supportive environment that benefits individuals and the community as a whole by providing a safe space for therapy sessions, offering group programs and workshops, promoting nutritious food and relaxation, and collaborating with local mental health organizations.

Философско-психологическое наследие Ивана Александровича Ильина (к 140-летию ученого)

The article is dedicated to the 140th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding scientist, thinker, jurist, public figure, the brightest representative of the Russian religious and philosophical tradition of the 20th century Ivan Alexandrovich Ilyin. Before his eyes, historical events were unfolding that shocked and changed the minds of people. They inspired the scientist to comprehend the archetypal in man: the problems of good and evil, masculinity and femininity, conscience, service, sacrifice, heroism, love for the Motherland, wisdom, holiness. He created a holistic philosophical and psychological concept of personality, permeated not only with a deep interest in a person, but also with internal unity and harmony. The values embedded in it are opposed to the pragmatic-individualistic ones that are universally dominant today. For this reason, attention to the personality and creativity of the thinker increases every year. Multiple public discussions, frequent citations, appeal to his ideas, especially those related to forecasts and theoretical developments regarding the future of Russia, its national tasks, testify to their importance, prospects, and, in the context of the heat of geopolitical conflicts, their super-urgency. The article discusses the philosophical and psychological ideas of Ilyin regarding the problems of a person's spiritual and moral experience, the psychology of communication, the psychology of conflict, legal consciousness, national identity, the psychology of moral and patriotic feelings, the psychology of education and pedagogical psychology, the causes of the spiritual and moral crisis of mankind and the psychological aspects of the exit out of him. The originality and uniqueness of his approach lies in the emphasis on the national, historical identity of Russia.

La difusión de las ideas de John Dewey en el Paraguay por Ramón Indalecio Cardozo

The American John Dewey and the Paraguayan Ramón Indalecio Cardozo are two outstanding representatives in the field of education in the first half of the 20th century, in their respective countries. Likewise, both devoted their attention to psychology, due to the interest that it arouses in itself, or as an instrument to strengthen their approaches to the field of pedagogy. Dewey produced one of the first Psychology texts published in his country and theorized about the nature of the reflex arc, establishing the conceptual foundations of functionalism. Cardozo fostered the applications of psychology in the field of school education, introduced the ideas of some of the most influential authors of his time to Paraguay, and promoted the use of the first psychometric tests. The work lines of both authors met in 1923, with the presentation of Dewey’s ideas by Cardozo, in an article published in 1923, now a century ago. The purpose of this paper is to review the reception of Dewey’s ideas in Paraguay by Cardozo, to analyze the discusión that the Paraguayan author made about his American counterpart, and to evaluate the impact of Dewey’s ideas on the work of Cardozo and the diffusion of the active School in Paraguay. The article is of a historical and argumentative nature and is supported by a review of the primary and secondary sources that are relevant to the understanding and study of the subject matter. At the same time, it seeks to be a contribution to psychological literature on the first century of the first diffusion of John Dewey’s pedagogical and psychological ideas in Paraguay.

POSITIVE EDUCATION: INCORPORATING POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY INTO THE CLASSROOM FOR STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC SUCCESS

In recent years, there has been a paradigm shift in education towards a more holistic approach through incorporating positive psychology to support student’s academic success and well-being. This piece thoroughly analyses the notion of positive education and how it can be used in the classroom to improve students’ academic progress and general well-being. Positive education is an innovative teaching system that combines traditional academic instruction with positive psychological ideas. Within psychology, positive psychology is a subfield that specializes in improving positive emotions, character qualities, and overall psychological well-being. Positive education attempts to improve students’ cognitive ability and emotional intelligence, character development, and resilience by bringing positive psychology into education. Positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment, as rudiments of positive psychology, are central to positive education. The cultural and contextual relevance of positive psychology principles were examined to ensure the application and success of positive education across varied student demographics. Findings revealed that students’ morale was boosted, and interest in their studies was strengthened as teachers applied positive psychology principles to their teachings.

Kant: on the Way to Understanding the Spiritual Nature of Man

Purpose. The main purpose of the study is to examine Kant’s first experience in creating a methodology for determining the holistic, spiritual nature of man, firstly, in terms of identifying the range of phenomena that should be included in the analysis of the spiritual essence of man, and secondly, this experience may be indicative for identifying dead ends in the research of spirituality of modern philosophers. Theoretical basis. The study is based on the methodology of philosophical anthropology formulated by M. Scheler, which, on the one hand, integrates the achievements of philosophy of life, phenomenology, existentialism and philosophical hermeneutics, and on the other hand, is based on the premise of the initial direct unity of the opposition of mental and physiological processes of human life. The basis for further expansion of the theoretical framework is the experience of spiritual practices of the Ancient East and religious practices of the Christian Middle Ages. Particularly noteworthy is the experience of modern psychotherapeutic practices, which, for all their diversity, have their roots in the depths of primitive beliefs and mysteries of ancient civilisations, and the tips of their branches reaching to the ideas of modern transpersonal psychology. Originality. Firstly, the author uses M. Scheler’s ideas about the spiritual nature of man and the unity of his essential forces: corporeality, senses, feelings, thinking, values of worldview principles and the Absolute to analyse Kant’s anthropological concept. Secondly, Kant’s position on the way of describing human nature reveals contradictions. These contradictions are caused, on the one hand, by the prevailing mechanistic picture of the world, and, on the other hand, by the philosopher’s intuitive assumptions that did not follow from the provisions of his dualistic position (the concepts of mind and soul as used in Kant’s work "Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View"). Thirdly, the author identifies those fragments of the said work where Kant assumes the presence of corporeality, but does not clearly formulate its role in building the integral nature of the spiritual man. Conclusions. Immanuel Kant was one of the first to raise the issue of the primary study of human nature in comparison with issues of ontology, epistemology, morality, etc. However, the philosopher failed to create a concept of holistic human nature, the essence of which would be its spiritual core. Kant based his methodology of studying human nature on the dualistic opposition of the essential forces of man. This methodology was conditioned by the dominant mechanistic picture of the world. Kant’s researches in the field of morality, aesthetics, and science were carried out in the cognitive-theoretical plane, so they were unable to reach a true synthesis of the essential forces of man by their methodology. Such a synthesis is possible on the basis of spiritual practice. The results of the study of the experience of the achievements and mistakes of the outstanding philosopher in the study of human nature open up the possibility of further refinement and development of philosophical and anthropological methodology in understanding the spiritual nature of man as a whole through comprehension of the mechanism of spiritual practice and, on this basis, understanding of the phenomenon of spirituality in all historical forms of its manifestation.

Logistic regression in threshold detection in replicated discrimination sensory tests

Sensory discrimination tests often consider the possibility that each assessor performs a test more than once, that is, they are performed with replications. However, these experiments are generally analyzed as if there were no repetitions or as if all judgments came from different assessors, which the usual analysis assumes that the probability of success is the same for all of them. It is emphasized the importance of considering possible differences in the perception of the assessors, which is consistent with Thurstone's psychological ideas about perception and decision processes. In this article it is suggested a mixed generalized linear model that considers the random effect of the assessor. Particularly in dose-response experiments it is showed that this model allows estimating detection thresholds for several treatments simultaneously. The results allowed to conclude that the proposed model presents good results and can be used in the analysis of replicated sensory tests. We will assume that the variation in the assessor' responses can be modeled as a random effect in a mixed generalized linear model. This model should be able to produce a better analysis, with the ability to detect differences between treatments with greater power and produce narrower confidence intervals for the estimates.

Financial literacy, self-control, self-esteem, and credit card utilization

This study combines one personal financial management concept, money-related literacy, and psychological ideas, i.e., self-control and self-esteem, in one model to be statistically associated with credit card behavior by utilizing gender as the control variable. Therefore, this study investigates and analyses the effect of financial literacy, self-control, and self-esteem on credit card usage. Furthermore, this study employs 120 bank employees as samples, taken by a snowball sampling technique. Besides, this study surveys their perspective based on the close-ended questions in the questionnaire. After obtaining their responses, their validity and reliability are verified. Also, the goodness-of-fit model is detected. After the model fits the data, the structural equation model based on covariance is utilized to examine the causal relationship declared in the proposed hypotheses. After checking them, this study concludes that financial literacy, self-control, and self-esteem successfully create credit card utilization. Employees with strong financial literacy, self-control, and self-esteem are responsible for owning credit cards because they tend to use them less and pay their bills on time. Females have a positive propensity for credit card utilization to achieve their identity and emotional status. As an implication, the study recommends females instantly convert their transactions into installments and pay the bill in the maximum and minimum ranges to avoid a decrease in credit scores. Besides, internal and external marketing is needed to attract female employees working at similar banks or other banks that cannot issue credit cards.

Ideological and political education integrated into educational psychology on schizophrenia of college students

BackgroundThe development of educational psychology provides new ideas for ideological and political education in colleges and universities.Subjects and MethodsThe study selected students with schizophrenia in a university as the research objects and randomly divided them into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group adopted the ideological and political education in colleges and universities integrated with the idea of educational psychology, while the control group adopted the traditional ideological and political education in colleges and universities. The Minnesota Multiple Personality Inventory (MMPI) was used to calculate schizophrenia symptom scores, and statistical software SAS was used for data analysis and comparison.ResultsOver the course of six months, the schizophrenia score scale in the control group changed from 65 to 63, while the schizophrenia score scale in the experimental group changed from 67 to 58. In the experimental group, the symptoms of patients with schizophrenia were significantly relieved (P<0.05). The experimental results show that the application of educational psychology to ideological and political education in colleges and universities has a significant impact on college students with schizophrenia.ConclusionsThe application of educational psychology in ideological and political teaching in colleges and universities has obvious positive effects on college students with schizophrenia, and provides a potential treatment method. The results of this study provide a reference for ideological and political teaching in colleges and universities and the alleviation of schizophrenia symptoms.AcknowledgementHenan medical science and technology research project (No.LHGJ20200150).

Marketing Strategies to Tap She-conomy Potential

The rise of Chinas economy has been gradual and noticeable. She-conomy is the most prominent in the field of e-commerce. This thesis will focus on the reasons for She-conomys development, the classification of womens consumption and consumer psychology, and finally, arrive at a precise marketing strategy for womens different psychological ideas. The external reason for the development of She-conomy is mainly the development and improvement of the Internet and social media, while the internal reason is that contemporary womens self-awareness is gradually increasing, and they have a very strong desire to shop. The marketing strategy derived from the reasons for the development of the female consumer market and the female consumer psychology is to carry out multi-channel advertising and marketing, give women a certain sense of festival rituals and relatively large discounts, and upgrade the functions of the e-commerce platform to strengthen the comfort of womens consumption.

Conviction, diversification or something else: constructing optimal portfolios with additional attributes

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide theory for some popular models and strategies used by practitioners in constructing optimal portfolios. King (2007), for example, advocated adding a diversification term to mean-variance problems to create better portfolios and provided clear empirical evidence that this is beneficial.Design/methodology/approachThe authors provide an analytical framework to help us understand different portfolio construction practices that may incorporate diversification and conviction strategies; this allows us to connect our analysis to ideas in psychophysics and behavioural finance. The critical psychological ideas are cognitive dissonance and entropy; the economics are based on expected utility theory. The empirical section uses the theory outlined and provides the basis for constructing such portfolios.FindingsThe model presented allows the incorporation of different strategies within a mean-variance framework, ranging from diversification and conviction strategies to more ESG-oriented ones. The empirical analysis provides a practical application.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this model is the first to bridge the gap between portfolio optimisation and the psychological ideas mentioned in a coherent analytical framework.