Idea Of Peace Research Articles

Elected Judges Lead to Less Partial Judges

Canada’s government structure has long used the idea of Peace, Order, and Good government to justify the selection and subsequent terms of long political majorities and appointed justices. This paper will be addressing the research question: should the justices of the Supreme Court of Canada be elected to increase Canadian democratic values or should they remain appointed? Currently the Supreme Court of Canada is selected by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister. In answering this research question this paper will weigh to the pros and cons of both the current judiciary system and a judiciary section based on elections in order to prove that Supreme Court of Canada justices should stay appointed. A crucial factor in the selection of supreme court judges is the idea of judicial independence. Justices are not elected in order to ensure that there is no partisanship or inappropriate relationships between the judiciary and the legislature. It is argued that this is null and void as a result of the fact that the judges are effectively chosen by the head of government. In the Canadian system, there lies an important balance between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches; this balance of power relies heavily on the Supreme Court being a non-partisan last check on any bills that reach it from the House. This is contrasted by the fact that the Supreme Court of Canada has last say on a plethora of issues that affect the lives of all Canadians and Canada is a constitutional monarchy, meaning that the power is always supposed to be derived from the people. Any power of government in Canada must trace its power back to the people for it to be considered legitimate. After a compare and contrast of the effect that electing the Supreme Court of Canada will have on the judicial independence and the federal balance of power it is hypothesised that the Supreme Court of Canada should continue as an appointed body.

A teoria da paz democrática e a prevenção de conflitos armados: Análise a partir da Guerra do Cenepa

This research aims to perform a test of the Democratic Peace Theory (DPP), under the analysis of the Cenepa War, confronting the main premise of the DPP, which suggests that liberal democratic states do not fight each other. Therefore, the origins of the idea of democratic peace and the main criticisms of it are reviewed. In addition, the War of Cenepa and its antecedents will be presented, so that it can be identified that these events are not adequately explained by the DDP and, therefore, indicate its falsifiability.

Pendidikan Islam dan Fenomena Radikalisme Agama

Religious radicalism is a great theme in society. This theme is not only present in industrial society, but also in agrarian society, farmers, and even intellectuals. The phenomenon of radicalism is a problem that needs to find a way out because it is massive and difficult to control. The role of the state in tackling radicalism can be done through welfare, and protecting all citizens regardless of race, race, and religion. However, the thing that happens in society is that the rich get richer and the poorer the poorer, which can lead to the emergence of radicalism. Some of the strategies in responding to the emergence of radicalism include: The use of military channels, the use of counter arguments, improving welfare by making improvements in the social, economic, political and cultural fields, counter-use of violence / insurrection by spreading the idea of ​​world peace.

The International Court of Justice in the Protection of Women; A Scrutinization of International Humanitarian Law

Conflicts usually leave millions of populace in a devastated situation particularly women and children. It is characterised by a cruel abuse of human rights. The article examines the height and impact of human rights abuse on women during the period of armed conflicts. The role of International Court of Justice and human rights protection was juxtaposed. The article discovered that the atrocities perpetrated by rebel and government forces are enormously devastating with grave consequences on civilian population. The article noted that ICJ played a prominent role in the fight against human rights abuse and the protection of women during armed conflicts. The article postulated that a global idea of peace should be the centre point and be embraced by all. The violators of human rights should be sanctioned for peace and justice to reign.

In Memoriam: Sadiq Jalal al-ʿAzm, 1934–2016

In Memoriam: Sadiq Jalal al-ʿAzm, 1934–2016

In Memoriam: Sadiq Jalal al-ʿAzm, 1934–2016

In Memoriam: Sadiq Jalal al-ʿAzm, 1934–2016

A Study on the Idea of Peace of Cho Bongam: from Perspective of ‘Positive Peace’

A Study on the Idea of Peace of Cho Bongam: from Perspective of ‘Positive Peace’

Soviet International Law: Between Slogans and Practice

This article is devoted to an analysis of the Soviet doctrines of foreign policy, international law and relations. It is claimed that Soviet international law was based on two conflicting ideas – the idea of universal peace and the idea of world revolution. These ideas were reflected in two conflicting principles of Soviet international law – the principle of peaceful coexistence and the principle of socialist internationalism. Throughout its history the ussr was balancing between these ideas and principles depending on its internal and external interests and the current political situation, moving its foreign policy from the first principle to the second one, and vice versa. The article divides the history of Soviet foreign policy into five major stages – the foreign policy of Lenin, Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev and Gorbachev – to analyse each of these stages in turn.

Balance of Power vs. Perpetual Peace: Paradigms of European Order from Utrecht to Vienna, 1713–1815

ABSTRACTOver the course of the eighteenth century, two major models of European international order emerged as alternatives to universal monarchy: one was based on the balance of power; the other centred on the idea of perpetual peace. This article traces each back to its origins in debates around the moment of the Peace of Utrecht in 1713. In particular, it examines the evolution of the doctrine of balance of power in early eighteenth-century English political thought and then as a legal principle incorporated into the Treaty of Utrecht, before proceeding to the counter-proposal in the form of the Abbé de Saint-Pierre's Plan of Perpetual Peace and the objections it raised. It then shows how Saint-Pierre's paradigm of a league of European states found (albeit in altered form) its way into the Treaty of the Holy Alliance (1815) proposed by Tsar Alexander I after the defeat of Napoleon. It concludes by highlighting the fundamental soundness of the idea of European league, as well as the flaws inherent in the early model of Saint-Pierre.

Juridical and Ethical Aspects of the Idea of Peace in Kant

Juridical and Ethical Aspects of the Idea of Peace in Kant

지혜와 평화가 서로 입맞춤할 때 : 코메니우스의 ‘범지혜’에 나타난 평화교육 사상

이 연구는 코메니우스의 “범지혜”(pansophia)에 나타난 평화교육사상을 고찰한 논문이다. 그에게 있어서 범지혜는 하나님의 창조세상, 즉 ‘하나님–인간–자연’ 전체를 포괄하는 세상을 개선하는 것을 목적으로 하는 지식이다. 범지혜는 인간의 ‘타락’으로 인하여 파괴된 하나님과 인간의 관계, 인간과 인간의 관계, 그리고 자연과 인간의 관계를 개선하는 것을 목적으로 하기 때문에 그것은 그의 ‘평화’ 개념과 뗄 수 없이 연결되어 있다. 왜냐하면 그에게 있어서 ‘평화’는 단순히 국가와 국가 간의 전쟁 없는 상태를 의미하는 것만이 아니라, 그를 넘어서서 온 세상, 즉 하나님과 인간과 자연 전체가 하나의 생명공동체로서 조화와 일치를 이루는 하나님 샬롬의 상태를 의미하기 때문이다. 따라서 그에게 있어서 범지혜의 목적은 ‘평화’라고 할 수 있다.BR 코메니우스는 세상에 평화를 이루는 것은 ‘인간’으로부터 시작되어야 하는바, 타락으로 잘못된 자리에 있는 인간을 밖으로 인도하여 내어서(e-ducatio), 다시 제자리에 앉히는(in–stitutio) 일이 필요한데, 이것이 바로교육의 일이라고 하였다. 그래서 그에게서 교육은 그 자체로 평화교육이다. 인간을 우주 안의 바른 자리에 다시 세움으로써, 하나님–인간–자연이라는 삼중적 관계를 다시 회복하는 교육의 일은 곧 평화를 회복하는 일이기 때문이다. 코메니우스는 특별히 그러한 평화교육 원리로 ‘모든 인간에게’(omnes), ‘모든 것을’(omnia), ‘온전하게’(omnino)의 원리를 제시하였다.BR 코메니우스의 평화교육사상으로부터 본고는 오늘날 기독교교육이 추구해야 할 앎은 객관적 지식을 전달하는 것이 아니라, 신앙인을 ‘형성시키는 앎,’ 믿음, 이성, 감각을 아우르는 ‘통전적 앎,’ 그리고 하나님과의 관계, 사람과의 관계, 세상의 모든 사물과의 관계에서 전인적 신앙인으로 살아가도록 하는 ‘전인적 앎’이어야 한다는 것을 배운다. 무엇보다 우리가 지향해야 할 교육의 목적은 하나님의 샬롬, 즉 평화를 구현하는 ‘실천적 지혜인’을 양성하는 것이라는 통찰을 얻는다.BR

The idea of peace and conflict resolution in Islam

The idea of peace and conflict resolution in Islam

Periphery: Israel's Search for Middle East Allies

Periphery: Israel's Search for Middle East Allies

Periphery: Israel's Search for Middle East Allies

Periphery: Israel's Search for Middle East Allies

Bridging the Security Gap through EU Rule of Law Missions? Rule of Law Administration by EULEX

EU civilian missions are a tool to bridge new security gaps. They focus on security problems that cannot be adequately addressed by military capabilities alone. These missions operationalize the idea of liberal peace, ie the link between the (democratic, liberal etc.) 'quality' of domestic institutions and international peace. The purpose of these missions is to reform (or establish) a State security sector based upon these qualities. Taking the most advanced EU civilian mission to date, EULEX Kosovo, as an object of study, this article examines a particular legal problem that ensues when the rule of law is 'exported': in order to fulfil its rule of law-exporting task, the mission enjoys broad executive powers. This, in turn, requires that the mission itself must be bound by the principles it seeks to 'export'. The rule of law serves, in other words, both as a policy-tool and as a constraint for EULEX. As both dimensions are connected, the failure of one will likely affect the performance of the other. The article concludes that while the hybrid approach to the rule of law by EULEX is a promising tool to address security gaps resulting from new threats in post-conflict societies, the present weakness of the constraint function negatively affects the performance of the mission as a whole.

What is the Specific Evil of Aggression?

What is the Specific Evil of Aggression?

대순사상의 여성 이해와 그 현대적 의미

There are many discourses about ‘religion and women,’ but it is no exaggeration to say that there is none about ‘religion and men.’ This is because the existing religions have been male-centric and have produced legions of male-dominated cultures. In Catholic Church, even today, only men can become the Pope, and women are not allowed to enter priesthood. Meanwhile, in the Islamic cultural areas, the reality is that women are being victimized by men who do not recognize the bad habits such as honor killings, or honor crimes. It is certain that gender discrimination in religious and cultural areas cannot be overlooked. This study focuses on the understanding of women in the thought of Daesoonjinrihoe(大巡眞理會), that is, the Daesoon Thought, which claims to advocate world peace. Daesoonjinrihoe is understood as a thought which tries to overcome gender discrimination prevalent in the existing religions and presents the vision of a new religion which aims to realize a new world of peace by drawing a distinction between the Former Heaven and the Latter Heaven. This study examines the understanding of women by looking at the tenet of Daesoonjinrihoe that consists of ‘YeumYangHapDeok(陰陽合德), SinInJoHwa(神人調化), HaeWon-SangSaeng(解冤相生), DoTongJinGyeong(道通眞境).’ The tenet is thought of as the basis of creed on which the understanding of women by the Daesoon Thought can be grasped as it basically contains the essence of teaching of the order. In the Daesoon Thought, women have the same status as men; women can become holy and dignified beings by engaging in independent, active, and autonomous spiritual exercises, and serve as a driving force for the realization of the ideal world. This understanding of women by the Daesoon Thought contains the idea of peace which can turn ‘the culture of discrimination’ into ‘the culture of equality,’ and ‘the culture of life destruction’ into ‘the culture of life care.’

Privatization in Kosovo: ‘Liberal Peace’ in Practice

This article examines internationally led privatization in Kosovo as an example of international statebuilding. It concentrates on the period from 1999 to 2008, when privatization was planned and implemented under formal international management. International statebuilding is typically sought justified with the idea of ‘liberal peace’, and this article shows how the tension between the political and economic tenets of the idea of liberal peace manifested itself in Kosovo's internationally led privatization.

Peace as a Transnational Theme

Peace is normally understood as the absence of war among nations. But that definition presupposes the overarching importance of nations as the key units of human association. There are, however, many other non-national entities, such as races, ethnic communities, religions, cultures, and civilizations. These entities, too, engage in conflict from time to time, as exemplified by the interracial violence and religious antagonisms in various parts of the world today and, of course, that which took place in the past. Yet why do we preserve the terms “war” and “peace” only for interstate relations? This is a very limited perspective, inasmuch as wars are a phenomenon whose appearance long preceded the formation of nations in the modern centuries; and besides, a presumed state of peace among countries can conceal serious hostilities between races or religions within and across national boundaries. Nazi Germany was technically at peace with all countries till 1939, and yet violent acts were committed there against groups of people domestically who were not considered racially acceptable. In today's world, there are no large-scale international wars, but domestic tensions and physical assaults occur daily within many countries. Terrorists wage war against states and their citizens alike, but they are not nations. To counter their threat, war preparedness in the traditional sense may be useful, perhaps, but it is much less effective than the coming together of individuals and groups to create a condition of interdependence and mutual trust. World peace must fundamentally be founded on a sense of shared humanity, regardless of which country people happen to live in. To consider war and peace purely in the context of international relations, therefore, is insufficient, even anachronistic. What we need is less an international than a transnational idea of peace.

Unity in diversity: The integrative approach to intercultural relations

In the history of institutionalized relations between states, the preservation of peace and stability has always been a predominant concern—an ideal that is also enunciated in the Preamble to the Charter of the United Nations. The gap between the idea of peace and the reality of tension and conflict, however, has proven to be a major challenge to the world organization ever since its foundation after World War II—and that challenge was not only due to conflicting political and economic interests. Situations of conflict often arise in a complex setting of historical, social, cultural and political interaction between communities; accordingly, they must be dealt with in a multifaceted and integrative manner. In order to “practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbours”, as the peoples of the United Nations proclaim in the Preamble to the Charter, we first have to understand each other, or appreciate each other’s way of life and socio-cultural identity. This is only possible if we are knowledgeable about our distinct cultures, traditions and value systems. This truth is also reflected in the Constitution of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) according to which “ignorance of each other’s ways and lives has been a common cause, throughout the history of mankind”, of suspicion and mistrust through which their differences have “all too often broken into war”.